Introduce Finland. ....

Independence Day: 65438+February 6th (19 17)

National flag: rectangular, with the aspect ratio of 18: 1 1. The flag is white. A wide blue bar slightly to the left divides the national flag into four white rectangles. Finland is known as the "country of thousands of lakes", bordering the Baltic Sea in the southwest, and the blue flag symbolizes lakes, rivers and oceans; The other symbolizes the blue sky. More than a quarter of Finland's territory is in the Arctic Circle, with a cold climate. The white flag symbolizes the snow-covered land. The cross on the national flag represents Finland's close relationship with other Nordic countries in history. The national flag was made around 1860 at the suggestion of Finnish poet Charies Tobelius.

National emblem: It's a red coat of arms. On the shield is a golden lion with a crown, a sword in the front paw and a machete in the back paw. Nine white roses are dotted around the lion. Lions symbolize the courage and strength of the Finnish people, and nine roses represent nine provinces in Finnish history.

National anthem: motherland

National dignitaries: President Tarja Halonen, who took office in March 2000; Premier matti vanhanen took office in June 2003.

Physical geography: the area is 3.381.45 million square kilometers. Located in the north of Europe, it is adjacent to Norway in the north, Sweden in the northwest, Russia in the east, the Gulf of Finland in the south and the tidal Pognat Bay in the west. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The elevation of the Kiya hills in Mansel in the north is 200-700 meters, the moraine hills in the middle are 200-300 meters, and the coastal areas are plains below 50 meters. Finland is rich in forest resources. The national forest area is 26 million hectares, and the per capita forest land is 5 hectares, ranking second in the world. 69% of the country's land is covered by forests, ranking first in Europe and second in the world. Tree species are dominated by spruce forest, pine forest and birch forest, and the dense jungle is full of flowers and berries. Lake Sema in the south covers an area of 4,400 square kilometers and is the largest lake in Finland. Finland's lakes are connected with narrow waterways, short rivers and rapids, thus forming a communicating waterway. The inland water area accounts for 10% of the national total area. There are about179,000 islands and188,000 lakes, which are called "the country of thousands of lakes". The coastline of Finland is tortuous, with a length of 1 100 km. Fish resources are abundant. Finland has an area of13 located in the Arctic Circle, with a cold and snowy climate in the north. In the northernmost part, you can't see the sun for 40-50 days in winter, and you can see it all day and night from the end of May to the end of July in summer. It has a mild maritime climate. The average temperature in winter is-14℃ to 3℃, the average temperature in summer is 13℃ to 17℃, and the average annual rainfall is 600 mm.

Population: 565,438+095,000 (2002). Most people live in the south where the climate is mild. Finns account for 92.4%, Swedes account for 5.6%, and a small number of Sami (also known as Lapps). The official languages are Finnish and Swedish. 84.9% of the residents believe in Christian Lutheranism, 1. 1% believe in Orthodox Church. Finland International Sauna Competition >>& gt

Capital: Helsinki population 560,000 (2002). The average temperature in summer is 65438 06℃, and the average temperature in winter is -5℃.

Administrative divisions: The whole country is divided into five provinces and one autonomous region: South Finland, East Finland, West Finland, Oulu, Rabbi and Oran Island.

Brief history: About 9000 years ago, at the end of the Ice Age, the ancestors of Finns moved here from the south and southeast. /kloc-Before 0/2 century, Finland was a primitive commune society. /kloc-belonged to Sweden in the second half of the 20th century, and 158 1 became the principality of Sweden. 1809 After the Russian-Swiss War, it was occupied by Russia and became a grand duchy under Russian rule. The czar also served as the Grand Duke of Finland. After the revolution of 19 17 and 10, Finland declared its independence on February 6,19, and the Republic was established. After the Finnish-Soviet War from 1939 to 1940 (Finland called it the "Winter War"), Finland was forced to sign the Finnish-Soviet Peace Treaty with the former Soviet Union and cede territory to the Soviet Union. From 194 1 to 1944, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, and Finland participated in the war against the Soviet Union (Finland called it the "continuation war"). 1944 In February, Finland, as a defeated country, signed the Paris Peace Treaty with the Soviet Union and other countries. 1948 in April, signed the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance with the Soviet Union. After the cold war, Finland joined the EU on 1995.

Politics: According to the Constitution, the legislative power of the country is formulated by the Parliament and President People's Republic of China (PRC). As the head of state, the president has the real power to appoint the government, take charge of foreign affairs and command the three armed forces, and is elected every six years. 1999 the Finnish parliament adopted a new constitution, and the name of the constitution was changed from the government organization law to the constitution. The new constitution strengthens the role of parliament and government in the political life of the country, and reduces some powers of the president. Parliament is a unicameral system, which is the highest organ of state power and legislature. It consists of 200 members directly elected by voters for a term of four years. Its main function is to legislate, supervise the government and finance. The highest judicial organs are the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court. The Supreme Court is composed of the President and 19 judges, and is responsible for hearing civil and criminal cases. The Supreme Administrative Court consists of the president and 20 judges, and is responsible for hearing administrative cases of government organs and provincial, municipal (county) institutions. Procuratorial organs are procuratorates at all levels. In addition, there is a national legal inspector who has the right to attend cabinet meetings and supervise whether the decisions of the president, the cabinet and government departments are in accordance with the constitutional provisions. Presidents, judges and prosecutors of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court are appointed by the President.

Economy: The forest coverage rate is as high as 66.2%, about 2010.53 million hectares, the per capita possession is 3.88 hectares, and the timber storage volume is 2.002 billion cubic meters. There are more copper in mineral resources, and a small amount of iron, nickel, vanadium and cobalt. Peat is rich in resources, with proven reserves of about 70 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 4 billion tons of oil. There are two nuclear power plants (four nuclear reactors). Industry developed rapidly in 1990s, and has changed from labor-intensive and capital-intensive to technology-intensive. Forest-based wood processing, papermaking and forestry machinery manufacturing are the economic pillars and are advanced in the world. The output of the whole forest industry accounts for 5% of the world's total output, and it is the second largest paper and paperboard exporter in the world, accounting for 25% of the world's exports. Finland is also the fourth largest pulp exporter in the world. The developed information industry has greatly promoted China's economic development. 200 1 annual output value1377.6 billion euros, accounting for 10.5% of GDP, and the export volume of information technology commodities (computers, communication equipment, etc.). ) is121500,000 euros, accounting for 30.9% of the export volume. Finland is one of the countries with the highest proportion of Internet access and the largest number of mobile phones per capita. In 200 1 year, there are 54 access terminals per 100 population, and the mobile phone penetration rate is 80.4%. The output value of agriculture and forestry in 200 1 year was 4.03 billion euros, accounting for 3.9% of the gross national product of that year. Agriculture and forestry are closely combined, and almost all farmers manage a certain amount of forest land. Agricultural and livestock products are more than self-sufficient. In recent years, the chemical and electronic industries have developed rapidly. The service industry is developed and basically divided into two categories: private service industry and public management service industry. Mainly including commerce, trade, hotels, restaurants, banks, insurance, social services and public services. The main tourist spots are Helsinki, Turku, Central Lake District, Rabbi area in the north and Oran Island. Finland's export commodities mainly include machinery and equipment, chemical products, metals, paper and cardboard. Imported commodities mainly include grain, petroleum and petroleum products, steel, textiles and feed. In the 1980s, the Finnish economy continued to develop at an average annual rate of 3.7%. In the early 1990s, the economy experienced a serious recession. 1993 began to recover, and the overall economic development has been good since 1994. In the early 1990s, the Finnish government completed the adjustment of economic structure, increased the proportion of knowledge economy in the national economy, attached importance to investment in science and technology, developed high-tech and information technology, and continued to implement macro policies such as tightening finance, encouraging investment, cutting social welfare, reducing income tax, speeding up the privatization of state-owned enterprises and improving employment, thus maintaining stable economic growth. 1999 joined the euro, and in 2002 1 officially circulated the euro to replace the Finnish mark. In 2002, Finland's economic growth was slow due to the global economic downturn. In 2002, the GDP was 654.38+0397 billion euros, and the per capita GDP was 26,800 euros.

Military: The President is the supreme commander of the army. The National Defense Commission is the highest advisory body. The Prime Minister is responsible for leading national defense activities in civil affairs. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Force is responsible for military defense activities. The compulsory military service system is implemented, and the service period is 8 to 1 1 month.

Press and publication: in 200 1 year, there were 208 newspapers and 5 158 magazines and periodicals in China. The main newspapers are Helsinki News, Evening News, Morning News, Evening News, Turku News and Capital Daily. There are five news agencies, the largest of which is the Finnish news agency, which was established in 19 15. It is semi-official and has business relations with major news agencies all over the world. Finnish Broadcasting Corporation (YLE) was founded in 1926, and changed to state-owned in 1934. Broadcast in Finnish, Swedish, English, German and French. Television was officially launched on 1958, with 1 TV, 2 TV and 3 TV. In addition, there are private advertising TV stations. In 1970s, there was cable TV (Helsinki Cable TV).

Diplomacy: After World War II, it has long pursued a "positive policy of peace and neutrality" of maintaining good-neighborly and friendly relations with the Soviet Union, not intervening in conflicts between major powers, and developing friendly relations with other countries. After the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Finland made major adjustments to its foreign policy, with the development of relations with the European Union as its diplomatic focus. 1 995 65438+1October1Become a full member of the European Union. Finland still adheres to the military non-alignment and independent and reliable defense policy, and cooperates closely with NATO. At the same time, we will continue to maintain good-neighborly relations with Russia and support Russia's integration into the international community.

Relations with China:1950101On October 28th, Finland established diplomatic relations with China. 195 1 the legation was established, and 1954 was upgraded to an embassy. In June 2002, President Halonen visited China.