What are the etiquette in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and what are the differences with the present etiquette?

Internal rules: men and women should not use the same clothes rail, the same clothes rack, or even take a bath in the same bathroom (not a bathtub). When the husband is away, put away the mat, pillow and quilt.

"Internal rules": Men don't talk in the back room, and women don't talk in class. They don't sacrifice or mourn, nor do they teach each other anything. If they have to teach each other, they should put it in a basket. If there is no basket, they will put it on the ground and then the other party will pick it up. There is no need to use the same well inside and outside, use the same bathroom, borrow things from each other, and men and women can't wear the same clothes. It says you can't go out, and it says you can't go in. When a person enters the inner room, he doesn't make any noise or point. He must walk with a candle at night. He can't walk without a candle. When a woman goes out, she must cover her face with a veil and take a candle with her at night. If she doesn't, she will stop. On the road, men walk on the right and women walk on the left.

Men and women do not sit together, do not wear the same clothes and hats, and do not give them to their faces. Uncle and sister-in-law can't ask, older women can't wash (men's) clothes, take the threshold as the boundary, and can't say anything outside. When a woman gets married, she can't come back unless there is a big change. When they come back, brothers can't sit at the same table with them, and they can't eat with a utensil. The widow's son can't be friends with him unless he has outstanding performance.

Book of Rites Ji Fang: There is no matchmaker, no contact, no betrothal gift and no meeting between men and women. If it is not a sacrificial occasion, men and women will not toast.

There are some examples of so-called etiquette in the literature:

It seems normal that Song lived as a widow for the Duke of Song Dynasty for 30 years, as recorded in The Biography of the Ram for Thirty Years. Then one night, there was a big fire in Song State. Everyone calls Song. Run for your life. Song Jibo said: I heard that if a woman goes out at night, she can't leave the lobby without seeing her parents. So he was burned to death.

In the 18th year of Huan Gong, Lu Huangong went to see Qi Xianggong and wanted to take Wen Jiang away. Qi Xianggong is the home of Wenjiang's mother. The minister persuaded: women have a home, men have a house, and they can't mess around, or something will happen. The etiquette of Lu state does not allow husband and wife to go out together.

Under Mandarin and Lu: My husband died; She cried in the morning; Jing Jiang's son died, and she cried at night. Confucius said it was polite. Why? Because if the husband cries at night after his death, it will be regarded as crying because of sexual hunger and thirst, and the son will not be suspected. In addition, the Book of Rites also has corresponding records.

Lu: Still in Jiang, she called at Ji's house, and Kang Zi talked to her in class. She didn't answer and went straight to the bedroom door. Kang Zi asked, did I offend you? Why don't you talk to me? Jing Jiang replied, "Don't you know that emperors and princes rule from the outside to the inside, while doctors and grandmothers rule from the outside to the inside? Only when they are there, the bedroom door is the place where women manage, from top to bottom, so I dare not answer outside. " .

Etiquette rules can't contain primitive sexual impulses, and then slowly begin to disintegrate. Qi, second only to Lu, has always been the first person to lead the trend. Not only is women's behavior not so constrained, but even this kind of thing has appeared.

When Chunyu Kun of Qi met Mencius, he played a joke on him:

Chunyu Kun: Mencius, it is said that it is a courtesy for men and women not to kiss.

Mencius: Yes.

Chunyukun: If your sister-in-law fell into the water, would you reach out and save her?

Mencius: If you don't reach out and save, it's a jackal. It is a gift given and accepted by men and women; But reaching out to save is a stopgap measure.

Mencius had to introduce expedient measures to explain etiquette.

"Zuo Zhuan Gong Min Two Years": His wife is a woman from Xu, and her home is in Wei. Wei was destroyed by the Emperor, and his wife resolutely decided to return to China to mourn Wang Wei (hence the story of Wei Yigong and Good Crane). Doctors in many countries won't let you go, so you can't go. It's against etiquette for you to go back. You can't go, because our monarch didn't divorce you, and there is no plague or anything. Mrs. Xu Mu replied angrily: Doctor, I'm nothing special, and what you think is not as good as what I think (you so-called doctor, don't criticize me, you might as well go once in person if you think about it a hundred times). Later, with the help of Guo Xu and Qi Guo, Guo Wei returned to China, but perhaps Guo Wei could not solve Mrs. Xu Mu's resolute violation of etiquette.

The above-mentioned Chunyu Kun is a comedian who exhorts the monarch in various humorous ways. It is recorded in Historical Records and Funny Biography. There is a famous example. Qi Xuanwang asked Chunyu Kun: How much do you drink? Chunyu Kun said: A barrel is drunk and a stone is drunk. If there is any suggestion after enforcing the law in front of you, I won't be able to drink another bucket. If the country drinks, men and women sit together freely, and there are all kinds of games, I will be drunk after only seven or eight fights. It's getting late, men and women sit at the same table, shoes are in a mess, cups and plates are messy, the host sent me away, put out the candles, and women's clothes are faint sweat. At this time, I am most proud of Chun Yukun, who can drink a stone. Although Chunyu Kun's ultimate goal was to show that the wine was extremely chaotic and the joy was extremely sad, it can also be seen that Qi had a feast atmosphere at that time.

Some of the fifteen lectures on the history of China:

The marriage pattern in the Spring and Autumn Period still abides by the principle of "no intermarriage with the same surname". Both governors and doctors should marry women with different surnames in the same rank. The son of heaven proposed to the vassal, and most daughters of the royal family married the vassal. Most of the civilian families below the bachelor are monogamous. The age of marriage is generally between 20-30 years for men and 0/5-20 years for women. It is common for women to be abandoned by their husbands during this period, and it is also common for divorced women to remarry.

Due to the geographical and climatic differences, political pluralism, and the differences of luxury and thrift in different places, the costumes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period have certain regional and diversified characteristics. The biggest change in clothing is the change of Hu fu by Wuling in Warring States Period. In 307 BC, King Wuling of Zhao pushed aside the crowd and resolutely carried out military reform. He ordered the army to adopt the costumes of nomadic tribes such as Donghu, Hu Lin and Loufan, wearing short coats, girdles, hooks and leather boots. Later, he further promoted Khufu to the upper class.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the etiquette color of aristocratic food activities was still very strong. Tableware made of bronze began to decline, and lacquerware was widely used in all aspects of daily life. Lacquerware is exquisitely made, exquisitely shaped, brightly colored and richly decorated, revealing an elegant beauty. Colorful lacquerware brings a fresh breath to the diet.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are a society characterized by blood and fire, and the skills and brave spirit of war are widely respected.

It is recorded in The Legend of Spring and Autumn Valley Liang that it is an important event in etiquette to talk about martial arts when hunting in the wild. The cut bluegrass is inserted into the ground as the hunting boundary. When hunting, don't cross the line. Set up chariots and plant flags as shaft gates. The size of the shaft gate shall be four inches from each side of the shaft gate. In wild hunting, if the axle hits Yuanmen, it is not qualified to enter Yuanmen for wild hunting. Because his ability to drive a chariot is too poor. Hunting also requires: driving a Mercedes, the dust raised by the chariot cannot fly out of the rut; The steed is running at a moderate speed with four hooves, and the archer can shoot without losing the galloping festival. Hunting also stipulates that animals will not be hunted if they run out of the set hunting range, that is, they will not hunt the defeated troops in the war. If the shot beast is injured in the face or head, let it go, which means "don't kill those who surrender"; If the animals shot are too small, let them go so as not to abuse their young. Courage, as a social norm, has become an important part of male roles in the Spring and Autumn Period. A man in uniform with superb shooting and bending skills is a hero worshipped by people.