Introduction to the History of Traditional Wushu in China

The Lost Wulin —— Yu Zhijun's Martial Arts Career

Meng Jing

In Zhijun's view, Wushu team is a kind of gymnastics, pursuing high difficulty and new beauty. Not as effective as Beijing opera actors in fighting and attacking. "Three years style is not as good as an actor. The martial arts team closes its eyes to play routines, and singing is to open its eyes and practice its spirit. "

Amateur Wushu career

Yu Zhijun, born in 193 1, is a retired professor at Beijing Information Science and Technology University. Tai Ji Chuan's master Wu Tunan lived to be 100 years old. Martial arts is not his official position, but has been supported by interest for more than 60 years. His martial arts enlightenment also originated from martial arts novels, describing the three chivalrous men who recovered the sword in Taiwan Province Province and the women in the wild river who told the story of their hometown Songhua River, which made Yu Zhijun, a 9-year-old pupil, learn boxing. After studying for a year, I still can't beat my classmates, knowing that the master is useless. So he took Yang Junqing's apprentice Liu Zijiu, one of the "Three Elders of Fengtian", as his teacher, focusing on Xingyiquan and rubbing his feet. Rubbing feet and turning hands are two kinds of kung fu. Rubbing feet is a leg method, similar to the basic steps of Taekwondo. Chen Zhong's last two Olympic titles were all about rubbing his feet and flipping his hands. Yu Zhijun practiced nine turns of mandarin duck feet on the volcano and kicked a pair of shoes every month. His parents forbade him to practice this prodigal thing again. He will soon be able to scratch a hole in the ground and beat his classmates to lie about their military situation. Rubbing feet is an external skill to beat others, and the master teaches gentle Xingyiquan. Xingyiquan "represents the highest level of actual combat in the Republic of China" (1934 Chronicle of Seeking Martial Arts-Lost Wulin). Because of the foundation of Xingyiquan in 10, Yu Zhijun was able to learn from Wu Tunan after he was admitted to Tsinghua.

"Before liberation, martial arts was fighting, and many bandits learned martial arts." Heroes are born in troubled times, and Sun Yat-sen and Feng Yuxiang encourage martial arts. After liberation, the state intends to cancel the attack and defense of Wushu, improve its performance and turn Wushu into a "martial dance". "Western unarmed combat is like boxing, advocating the philosophy of the strong; China Wushu is characterized by using wisdom to defeat the strong with the weak. A martial arts expert should look ordinary, but his hand is amazing. " This is also the "brilliance and introversion" rendered in the novel. However, both Huo Yuanjia and Huang Feihong are natives in the photos, which meets the image requirements of the master. When he was teaching Kung Fu in Russia last year, a big reporter invited Yu Zhijun to visit his archery range. He hit the bull's-eye first, and then gave way to the hard bow. Yu Zhijun admitted that he had a hard time and was thinking about how to make up his face all the way. After taking a seat, Yu Zhijun said, "Wushu doesn't pay attention to exertion. I can make you miss me and throw you out. Do you believe it? " As expected, the Russian reporter tried it and posted it on the wall in front of everyone. He decided to write a report for him on the spot, boasting about the profoundness of China Wushu.

Yu Zhijun said that his teacher Yang helped him and made him numb. Legend of Wulin also said that people can be "nailed" to the ground for a few seconds with the splitting strength of Xingyiquan, and they can't move at all. I really want to taste this taste. He said, "If you were a man, I could make you fall out of the window." At my request, he agreed to have a try. He pointed to a chair a few meters behind me and said, "Every time I want you to sit in that chair, you push me hard." I tried n times, no matter whether I tried hard or not, as soon as he put it away, I sat in the chair for no reason. If he pulls back soon, I won't feel the strength and sit in. But this premise is that he must face the attacker, grid each other with both hands, form a circle, and resolve the power. If he leaves his back to others, it is tantamount to self-destruction.

YuZhiJun speak principle, "are there any martial arts wizards? Yes, the most important thing for people who can get through the joints is the waist. Look at this bumblebee. The thinnest and weakest part is the waist, and so are people. The waist divides people into upper and lower parts, which not only connects the preceding and the following, but also closes the upper and lower parts. The strength of your hitting is transmitted to your hands through your waist, which requires that your waist must be loose; Your body is just a carrier when others exert force on you. I have things, I have nothing', so that he has no center of gravity, and he has to pass the force to the ground and conduct it with the help of his waist. " Once he practiced pushing hands with a famous teacher's child in the park, and the other side arched him hard. Meet again a week later, the man said that he had been lying for a week, and his back ached. He said, "Your strength is in your waist." The so-called leverage is to add your little strength to the strength of the other party and give it back to the other party. But only one in ten soldiers can understand. As for getting through the second pulse of Ren Du, it is a kind of fitness, which can get through the meridians and strengthen the circulation of qi and blood. Some people get through it, but they can't become peerless masters.

The extinction of Wushu

After various movements and changes of the times, for most folk martial arts practitioners, martial arts has long lost its practicality, and sects only exist in novels, and no one needs to perform "rubble in the chest" on the overpass. At that time, Zhang Baozhong could take 40 kilograms of broadsword, and Wu Yuxiang could also take 40 kilograms of iron gun. A few years ago, some students studied with Yu Zhijun, and he also paid tolls for students in his hometown in Northeast China. Now even his children don't want to honor his Huanhou Eight Guns and Taiji Sword. "Martial arts is to set an example. When the master dies, this kind of boxing will be gone. " In fact, countless swordsmen have disappeared and really existed, which is not entirely fabricated by novelists.

In 1930s, Yu Zhijun's younger brother went to Shanhaiguan pass to handle affairs. When staying in a hotel, he saw the shopkeeper and his daughter practicing martial arts, so he played a few tricks with his daughter. The other side's technology is as muddy as a ghost. He didn't think much at that time. When he got up the next morning, he was covered in injuries. So he stayed, became the son-in-law of the door, and learned this ghost fist. After hearing this story, Yu Zhijun looked for Shi Bo and his descendants everywhere, but he was nowhere to be found. In 1980s, China Wushu Research Institute conducted a general survey, but no one had ever seen this kind of boxing, and it was annihilated. As we all know, the most widely known Tai Ji Chuan was created by Zhang Sanfeng. The only historical basis is the first paragraph of Wang Zhengnan's epitaph written by Huang Zongxi, a scholar in the late Ming Dynasty: "Shaolin is famous for its bravery in boxing, but it mainly fights with others, and people can also take advantage of it. If there is a so-called home, use the static brake, and the offender will be a servant. Don't take Shaolin as the master. Built in Zhang Sanfeng in the Song Dynasty. " Since then, Wushu has been divided into inner family and outer family. Theoretically, the inner family who has practiced to the extreme should be higher than the outer family. But how high is Zhang Sanfeng's internal strength? There is no strong circumstantial evidence to prove that Tai Chi's philosophy of combining rigidity with softness was integrated into Wushu by him. Later Taiji sects, no Chen and Yang ... can come up with more reliable historical materials than Huang Zongxi to prove that Taiji Zhuan was created by himself. Some martial arts people in Taiwan Province Province think that the real Tai Ji Chuan has been lost in mainland China, so they invite famous artists from mainland China to teach, instead of promoting communication.

Is the inner family better than the outer family? Shaolin is just a bitter road for my family, and Yijinjing is my secret book. My family pays attention to defeating the strong with weakness and guiding the spirit with ideas, which is not recognized by western anatomy. Yu Zhijun said: According to his personal experience, being angry and not being angry are different. The basic trick of practicing external skills is to lever your arms. After several rounds, my arm was red and swollen. Angry words can play a protective role. Silver spears used to stab the throat in the same way. The spear head is a processed round spear head, but ordinary people are also in danger when poking. They must be people who have practiced gas. The most magical golden bell in horizontal kung fu is said to be invulnerable. Yu Zhijun saw a man being cut down by a edged knife, leaving only a white mark, but no one could cope with a sword stab with a blood groove. He said: "Blood has a blocking effect on force, and the blood trough gives blood an outlet, which no expert can resist."

It is forbidden for chivalrous men to use force. In a society with imperfect legal system, a ranger should do what he thinks is right for heaven. Once Yu Zhijun saw a hooligan slapping two middle school students in the mouth, and nobody cared. He went up and buckled the rogue's anti-joint on the ground, threatening: "I will waste you today, and your joint will break when you shake." The hooligan cried and said, "Grandpa, forgive me." There are many spectators around. He said, "In fact, how dare I hurt him? It is illegal for me to hurt him. " Wushu in modern society is self-defense and fitness at best, and it will not get a sense of accomplishment. Jet Li once handed Wu Tunan a letter from his master. After filming, the letter disappeared. What Jin Yong is most proud of is that he put forward the concept of "serving the country for the people and being a chivalrous man" and took it as the ultimate proposition of his martial arts world.

In Zhijun's view, what reflects the real martial arts world is a book called "The Fighter Map of Yongzheng", which was compiled by Tianjin storytellers in the 1920s. "The author is a true yogi, and what he said about fencing and boxing has existed."