Tibetan costumes?

Tibetans are mainly distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan provinces. Among them, Tibet is the main settlement of Tibetans. In the long historical development process, Tibet has created colorful costumes and their cultures, which are the concrete manifestations of national traditional culture, aesthetic consciousness and economic life.

First, the characteristics of Tibetan costumes

Tibetans have lived a nomadic life for a long period of time, and their costumes also have the characteristics of nomadic people. Clothing should not only have a strong cold-proof effect, but also have the convenience of heat dissipation, so that their arms can stretch freely to adapt to camping life, and can also be used as bedding and carry daily necessities with them. Clothing is mainly robe-shaped.

1, the basic structure of clothing is fat waist, long sleeves, big chest and right shirt, boots, braided hair and accessories.

2. The basic features are various categories, which can be divided into robes, jackets, waistcoats, belts, hats, boots, bonds and hair accessories.

Jewelry, accessories, etc.

3, styles are divided into: long-sleeved robes, sleeveless robes.

4. Texture is divided into: brocade robe, satin robe, plain sheepskin robe, woolen robe, plain cloth robe, etc.

5. The color features are characterized by strong contrast, such as red and green, white and black, yellow and purple, and the combination of multicolor and gold and silver thread makes the clothing bright and harmonious.

6. This model mainly follows the laws of increasing and parallel.

7. Ornaments are widely used. The main decorative materials are gold and silver, jewelry, ivory, coral and turquoise.

8. Fabric: mainly cotton, ballast, satin and smooth board.

Sheepskin, wool, woolen cloth, etc.

9. Apron: Known as "Bangdian" in Tibetan, it is an important part of Tibetan women's clothing and has the function of indicating whether they are married or not. Its shapes are short, long and trapezoidal (northern Tibet), some are matched with wide and strong contrast colors, and some are composed of slender and similar colors with gold and silver threads. Women in each region have different views on the choice of colors and stripes of "Bangdian". There are also regional differences.

10, belts: belts are an indispensable part of Tibetan costumes, some of which are made of wool, while others are.

Decorate with expensive ornaments such as metal.

1 1, Tibetan boots: Tibetan boots are one of the important features of Tibetan traditional costumes, and the patterns on the boots also have certain customs.

And norms.

12, short coat: generally worn in Tibetan robes, characterized by long sleeves.

13, Kanjian: Some areas have the habit of wearing Kanjian, and its style also has regional style.

14. Necklace: It is called "Kawu" in Tibetan, and two squares overlap. The material is mainly gold and silver, with turquoise and precious stones inlaid on it. The necklace is made of pearls, corals and dzi beads.

Second, the historical textual research of Tibetan costumes

The historical textual research of the oldest Tibetan costume art materials shows that the existing physical materials include "Karuo Site, a Neolithic site excavated in Changdu, Tibet from August 1978 to August 1979. More than 4,600 years ago, a large number of bone cones, bone needles and clothes were unearthed from Karuo Site, and besides animal skins, there were also fabrics made of wild fibers or wool yarns. Unearthed pottery spinning nylon, thread pendants and other objects prove that the production of woolen fabrics has begun, and there are a few simple decorations, such as pendants, bone bamboo shoots, bracelets, necklaces, shells, stone rings, beads and so on, made of stones, jade, bones and shells. Most of these decorations have been carefully polished, smooth and beautiful, which shows that Tibetan ancestors not only mastered the technology of sewing clothes thousands of years ago, but also had a certain aesthetic consciousness. The excavation of Karuo site fills a gap in Tibetan ancient culture and points out an ancient boundary for the development history of Tibetan costumes.

By the time of Tubo, Tibetan costume culture had developed greatly. "Tibetan history records that the costumes of Tubo Zampa were different when celebrating La Tuotuo in the 3rd century. There is a difference in the level of clothing. The headdresses, hats and robes hung on the chests of Tibetan kings and military commanders are different, which distinguishes the level of job price. " At the same time, clothing is also influenced by the style of Central Asia, such as Iran, which can be seen from the clothing of Songzan Gambu. When Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, she brought all kinds of clothing materials and textile technology, which greatly promoted the development of Tibetan costume skills. The clothing materials left behind mainly include Songzan Gambu in King Cave of Potala Palace, Princess Wencheng statue, and Ludongzan clothing in Buhuntu, etc.

Tibet belonged to the central dynasty in the form of the Yuan Dynasty, so it was closely related to the Yuan Dynasty in all aspects of culture, and its costumes were greatly influenced, especially the costumes of the upper class of Tibetans, such as the official's crown "Jiangda" (that is, the round crown) and the housekeeper's "Suoxia" (that is, the flat-topped Mongolian hat).

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ties between the central government and Tibet were further strengthened, and the textile industry developed greatly. A large number of trade exchanges have promoted the development of clothing.

Three. Brief introduction of costumes in various regions of Tibet

Clothing is a kind of material culture, and its emergence and development are closely related to the natural environment, climatic conditions, production methods and lifestyles of human life. Clothing has gender representation, age representation, season representation and festival representation.

Tibet has a vast territory, and its natural conditions vary greatly due to the different geographical environment and climate. In order to adapt to the natural environment, regions living in different climatic conditions must wear different clothes, and each region has distinctive regional costumes, which has become a colorful Tibetan costume art.

The administrative regions of Xizang Autonomous Region include: Lhasa, Shigatse, Linzhi, Shannan, Naqu, Ali and Qamdo. , has jurisdiction over more than 70 counties. Although the costumes in each region have the same characteristics, there are also some differences. They have distinctive regional characteristics in clothing styles, colors, materials, production, wearing and so on, and the clothing styles in different regions are rich.