Chinese problems

Gansu is an ancient Yongzhou, the capital of Lanzhou. Located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, China's geographical center, between 32 31'-42 57' north latitude and 9213'-108 46' east longitude. It borders Shaanxi in the east, Bashu Qinghai in the south, Xinjiang in the west and Inner Mongolia and Ningxia in the north. It is the hub and prime location of the ancient Silk Road, bordering Mongolia. It is like a magnificent gem embedded in the Loess Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Inner Mongolia Plateau in central China, winding from east to west10.6 million kilometers, with a vertical and horizontal area of 453,700 square kilometers, accounting for 4.72% of the country's total area. The population is 23.45 million (65.438+9.68 million in 0949), including Han, Hui, Tibetan, Dongxiang, Yugur, Baoan, Mongolian, Kazak, Tu, Salar and Manchu.

A Gansu name began in 1 1 century, taking the initials of Ganzhou (now Zhangye) and Suzhou (now Jiuquan). Because Xixia was divided into twelve military supervision departments in its territory, Gansu was one of them, and Gansu province was established in the Yuan Dynasty, which was called Gansu. Because most of the province is in the west of Longshan (Liupan Mountain), Longyou Road was set up here in the Tang Dynasty, so it is also called Longlong.

Overview of historical evolution

During the pre-Qin period, the whole country was divided into Kyushu, and Gansu was subordinate to Yongzhou and Liangzhou, formerly known as "the land of Liang Yong and Liangzhou". After Qin Shihuang unified China, the whole country was divided into 36 counties, with Beidi County and Longxi County in the southeast of the province. Liangzhou Province was first established in the Han Dynasty in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (before 106), and it was changed to Wudu, Longxi, Jincheng, Tianshui, Anding, Beidi, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang. In the Tang Dynasty, the county was changed into a road, and the provinces belonged to Guannei Road, Longyou Road and Shannan Road, and * * * governed 22 states. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Gansu Province has been established, which governs seven roads and two states west of the Yellow River and Xingyuan Road in Shaanxi Province east of the Yellow River. In the Ming dynasty, the abolished province set up a department, which was under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Chief Secretary, Shaanxi Dusi and Shaanxi provinces. The Qing Dynasty established the right chief secretary of Shaanxi Province, and later changed to the chief secretary of Gansu Province. The administrative center moved from Changgong (now Longxi County) to Lanzhou City, and now governs Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Ningxia provinces. In the 10th year of Guangxu (1884), Xinjiang was separated. 19 12 There are seven roads in the province: Ningxia (formerly Shuofang), Xining (formerly Haidong), Lanshan, Jingyuan (formerly Longdong), Weichuan (formerly Longnan), Ganliang (formerly Hexi) and An Su (formerly Bianguan). 1927 abandon the road, 1929 points in Qinghai and Ningxia provinces. During the Second Revolutionary Civil War, Longdong in the province belonged to Longdong and Guanzhong in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. Gansu administrative office was established on August 26th, 1949. 1950 65438+ 10 On October 8th, Gansu Provincial People's Government was formally established, and Gansu Province became famous from then on.

Gansu has a history of more than 700 years. The organizational system of the county is earlier than that of the province, and it has sprouted since the Spring and Autumn Period, and it has been more than 2,200 years. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, when Xixia ruled Hexi, there was the Gansu Military Division (in Ganzhou, now Ganzhou District of Zhangye City). This is the earliest name in Gansu. However, as the name of local administrative divisions, Gansu Province was formally established in the Yuan Dynasty. The naming of provinces was the first word synthesis of Ganzhou (now Zhangye City) and Suzhou (now Jiuquan City) in the Western Wei Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty. Short for gan. Because most of the province is in the west of Longshan, it is also called Longxi and Longyou, or Longxi for short.

Gansu is located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. In ancient times, the climate here was warmer and wetter than now, and it was a sparse grassland environment. Abundant water resources in low depressions, dense shrubs in high mountains, loose loess on the platform, shrubs and various animals living on grasslands provide a natural and suitable environment for the survival of primitive humans. Therefore, it is one of the areas with earlier economic development, especially agricultural reclamation and ancient culture in the history of China, and it is an important birthplace of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation. According to a large number of archaeological excavations, it is proved that our ancestors lived and multiplied here in the Paleolithic Age as early as1200,000 years ago, and fought tenaciously against nature with simple stone tools. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, stone tools, bone implements, animal fossils and early human fire remains in the middle and late Paleolithic period have been found in Jiangjiawan, Sigoukou, Heituliang, Qingyangju Home, Huanxian Building and Liujiacha. There are 1000 pieces of Neolithic cultural relics, among which the famous Qijia culture developed under the influence of Yangshao culture, centering on the middle and lower reaches of Taohe River, Daxia River and Huangshui River, and at the stage of matriarchal clan commune; There are also Xindian culture, Siwa culture and Kayao culture, which discovered their own bronzes later than Qijia culture and entered the late primitive society or the early slave society. In ancient legends, Yan Di (No.. Shennong) and Huangdi (No. Bear's and no. Four thousand years ago, Xuanyuan also began in the northwest. In recent years, archaeologists in our province have discovered and excavated an early Neolithic cultural site from 7800 to 4500 years ago in Dadiwan, Qin 'an County, east of our province. More than 8,000 cultural relics have been unearthed, including ground paintings 7,000 years ago, concrete 5,000 years ago and a grand primitive social hall building with a building area of 450 square meters, which is the first discovery in China. This site is comparable to banpo village in Xi 'an. Rare treasures such as three-legged pots and three-legged jars found here are more than 1000 years earlier than the Banpo type of Yangshao culture. The discovery of the Dadiwan site provides important information for the study of prehistory, especially for the study of ancient architecture, the origin of characters and human life.

Administrative divisions of Gansu province

Gansu Province consists of Lanzhou, Jiayuguan, Jinchang, Baiyin, Tianshui, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, Pingliang, Qingyang, Dingxi, Longnan, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

Lanzhou: Five Districts and Three Counties

Chengguan District, Qilihe District, Xigu District, Anning District, Honggu District, Yuzhong County, Gaolan County and Yongdeng County.

jiayuguan city

Jinchang: one district and one county.

Jinchuan District and Yongchang County.

Baiyin city: two districts and three counties

Baiyin District, Pingchuan District, Huining County, Jingyuan County and Jingtai County.

Tianshui City: Two Districts and Five Counties

Qincheng District, Maiji District, Qingshui County, Qin 'an County, Gangu County, Wushan County and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County.

Wuwei City: One District and Three Counties

Liangzhou District, Gulang County, Minqin County and Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County.

Zhangye City: One District and Five Counties

Ganzhou District, Shandan County, Minle County, Linze County, Gaotai County and Sunan Yugur Autonomous County.

Jiuquan city: one district, two cities and four counties

Suzhou District, Yumen City, Dunhuang City, Jinta County, Anxi County, Subei Mongolian Autonomous County, Aksai Kazak Autonomous County.

Pingliang City: One District and Six Counties

Kongtong District, Jingchuan County, Lingtai County, Chongxin County, Huating County, Zhuanglang County and Jingning County.

Qingyang City: One District and Seven Counties

Xifeng District, Zhengning County, Huachi County, Heshui County, Ningxian County, Qingcheng County, zhenyuan county County and Huanxian County.

Dingxi City: One District and Six Counties

Anding district, Tongwei, Longxi, Zhangxi 'an, Weiyuan, Min and Lintao counties.

Longnan City: One District and Eight Counties

Wudu District, Chengxian County, liangdang county County, Huixian County, Xihe County, Lixian County, Kangxian County, Wenxian County and Tanchang County.

Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture: One City and Seven Counties

Linxia City, Linxia County, Kangle County, Guanghe County, Yongjing County, Hezheng County, Dongxiang Autonomous County, Jishishan Baoan Dongxiang Salar Autonomous County.

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture: One City and Seven Counties

Hezuo City, Zhouqu County, Zhuoni County, Lintan County, Diebu County, Xiahe County, luqu County and Maqu County.

Geographical landform

Gansu province is located in the west of the motherland and the upper reaches of the Yellow River, with a vast territory. It is between 3211′ ~ 42 57 ′ north latitude and 9213 ′ ~108 46 ′ east longitude. It borders Shaanxi in the east, Sichuan in the south, Qinghai and Xinjiang in the west, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia in the north, and is adjacent to the Mongolian people. Gansu's landform is complex and diverse, with mountains, plateaus, Pingchuan, river valleys, deserts and Gobi distributed alternately. The terrain is inclined from southwest to northeast, long and narrow, with a length of 1655 km from east to west and a width of 530 km from north to south. It can be roughly divided into six regions, each with its own characteristics:

Longnan Mountain Area: There are high mountains and deep valleys, rich vegetation and endless streams everywhere. This area generally includes the mountainous areas south of Weishui, Lintan and east of Diebu, which is the western extension of Qinling Mountains. The hills are high in the west and low in the east, the green hills are opposite, the streams are surging, and the peaks are steep, just like the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and the mountains are winding. The "slim show" in southern Xinjiang and the "rough" in the north have been perfectly integrated here.

Loess Plateau in Central Gansu Province: Located in the central and eastern part of Gansu Province, it starts from Shaanxi-Gansu border in the east and reaches Wushaoling in the west. Here once gave birth to the ancestors of the Chinese nation. There are pines and cypresses, gurgling streams, rich oil and coal, and famous mountains and rivers. The Yellow River flows through here, and the three reservoirs, Liujiaxia, Yanguoxia and Bapanxia, are embedded in this vibrant land like pearls, giving this land endless strength and light and giving it new vitality.

Gannan Plateau: It is the "roof of the world"-the corner of the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with high terrain and an average elevation of more than 3,000 meters. It is a typical plateau area. Here, the grass beach is broad, the water plants are rich and beautiful, and Mazhuang cattle are fat, which is one of the main animal husbandry bases in Gansu Province.

Hexi Corridor: Located at the northern foot of Qilian Mountain and the southern foot of Beishan Mountain, it starts from Wushaoling in the east and ends at the junction of Gan Xin in the west. It is a long and narrow strip inclined from east to west and from south to north. The altitude is between 1000- 1500m, the length is about 1000km, and the width varies from several kilometers to more than a hundred kilometers. Hexi Corridor is a famous Gobi oasis with flat terrain, good mechanized farming conditions, sufficient light and heat, and abundant water resources. Agriculture has broad prospects for development and is the main commodity grain base in Gansu. ?

Qilian Mountain: Qilian Mountain is located in the south of Hexi Corridor, with a total length of 1000 kilometers, most of which are above 3500 meters above sea level. It is a natural solid reservoir in Hexi Corridor, with obvious vertical distribution of vegetation, desert, grassland, forest and ice and snow, forming a colorful three-dimensional picture.

North of Hexi Corridor: This area is 1 1,000 kilometers long and 1 1,000-3,600 meters above sea level. People used to call it Beishan. The land here is close to Tengger Desert and Badain Jaran Desert. The wind and sand are heavy, the rocks are bare and the desert is contiguous. This is a difficult place to farm, and the population is sparse. You can enjoy the Gobi scenery of "the desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen".

Gansu is a mountainous province. The most important mountain ranges are Qilian Mountain, Wushaoling Mountain and Liupanshan Mountain, followed by Altun Mountain, Mazong Mountain, Heli Mountain, Longshou Mountain, Xiqiao Mountain and Ziwuling Mountain, mostly in the northwest-southeast direction. Most of the forest resources in the province are concentrated in these mountainous areas, and most rivers also form their own diversion sources from these mountainous areas.

Lanzhou, the provincial capital. Tianshui, Jiayuguan, Yumen, Jiuquan, Zhangye, Jinchang and Baiyin are the main cities in the province. The province is located at the junction of the Loess Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Inner Mongolia Plateau, and the terrain is dominated by plateaus and mountains. Hexi corridor extends in the northwest of the province; Sand magnetism, Gobi and oasis alternate. The main mountain ranges are Qilian Mountain, Longshan Mountain, Xiqiao Mountain, Longshou Mountain and Mazong Mountain. Most rivers in this province belong to the Yellow River system, with the Yellow River and its tributaries Taohe River, Weihe River and Zuli River as the main ones.

Gansu nationality

Gansu is a multi-ethnic province. There are 54 ethnic minorities in the province, with a total population of 2199,000, accounting for 8.7% of the total population of the province. There are 16 ethnic minorities living in Gansu, including Hui, Tibetan, Dongxiang, Tu, Yugur, Baoan, Mongolian, Salar, Kazak and Manchu. Among them, Dongxiang, Yugur and Baoan are unique ethnic groups in Gansu. Gannan and Linxia have Tianzhu, Sunan, Subei, Aksai, Dongxiang, Jishishan and Sol Zhang, and there are 39 ethnic townships. The land area of ethnic autonomous areas is1790,000 square kilometers, accounting for 39.8% of the whole province.

In terms of distribution, Hui people mainly live in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County, and are scattered in Lanzhou, Pingliang and Dingxi. Tibetans mainly live in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and the eastern and central parts of Qilian Mountain in Hexi Corridor. Dongxiang, Baoan and Salar are mainly distributed in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. Yugur, Mongolian and Kazak are mainly distributed in the central and western parts of Qilian Mountain in Hexi Corridor. Of the 86 counties and cities in the province, except 2 1 county and city are inhabited by ethnic minorities, the remaining 65 counties and cities have scattered ethnic minorities.

Cultural specialty

Most of Gansu is above 1000 meters above sea level, surrounded by mountains. There are Liupanshan, Heli Mountain and Longshou Mountain in the north; Minshan, Qinling and Ziwuling in the east; West of Altun Mountain; And Qilian Mountains; Nanrang Qingniling. The territory has undulating terrain, continuous mountains and rivers, and the terrain is quite complicated. There are snow-capped peaks soaring into the sky, vast grasslands, vast Gobi desert, lush secondary forests, magical green lakes, beautiful springs, natural scenery full of Jiangnan charm, and famous flowers and fruits unique to the northwest.

Hexi Corridor is a famous granary in Gansu, and it is also the ancient battlefield of Ma Tiejin Ge and the traffic artery of the ancient Silk Road. The world-famous Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Sunan Yugur Nationality, Subei Mongolian Nationality, Aksai Nationality, Tianzhu Tibetan Nationality, Leitai Wonder, Ancient Jiuquan Legend, Jiayuguan Legend, Yumenguan, Guyangguan, Qiaowan People's Leather Drum, Folk Banquet, Camel Team and other exotic customs shine here.

Tianshui City and Longnan area in the southeast of Gansu Province are fertile natural lands with a long history, beautiful mountains and rivers, rich products, pleasant climate and peculiar folk customs, and are known as "Little Jiangnan". Tang Xuanzang's Tianshui legend makes Fogong Reef, Wanzi Mountain and Jinjin Temple the main attractions of folk tourism.

Gannan and Linxia Autonomous Prefecture, which are adjacent to Tianshui and Longnan, are the gathering places of Tibetan, Hui, Dongxiang, Baoan and Salar nationalities, and have unique customs and habits. Labrang Temple is not only beautifully built, but also has seven large-scale ceremonies and many festivals every year, which makes the religious and folk activities of Labrang Temple unprecedented and colorful. The quaint and elegant Fulin Qingzhen Temple is a gathering place for Muslims. The religious and folk activities here are unique, grand and breathtaking.

Qingyang and Pingliang areas in Longdong are old revolutionary areas with a long history. In addition to numerous revolutionary relics in China, the Taoist holy land Kongtong Mountain, where the Yellow Emperor visited and practiced Taoism extensively, the Palace Mountain where the Queen Mother of the West hosted a banquet for the Queen Mother, and temple fairs such as Gongliu Temple and Bodhisattva Mountain have all become the spreading positions of people's culture and the trading places of folk economy. In particular, folk culture such as suona, paper-cutting, social fire and Chinese opera is particularly attractive.

Climate resources specialty

Gansu province is located at the intersection of loess, Qinghai-Tibet and Mongolia. The territory is characterized by complex topography, criss-crossing mountains and great disparity in elevation, integrating mountains, basins, plains, deserts and Gobi, and belongs to mountainous plateau landform. From southeast to northwest, it includes all kinds of climate types from north subtropical humid area to alpine arid area.

Gansu province has a dry climate, large daily temperature difference, abundant sunshine and strong solar radiation. The annual average temperature is between 0 ~ 14℃, decreasing from southeast to northwest; The annual average temperature in Hexi Corridor is 4 ~ 9℃, Qilian Mountain is 0 ~ 6℃, Longzhong and Longdong are 5 ~ 9℃ and 7 ~ 10℃ respectively, Gannan is 1 ~ 7℃ and Longnan is 9 ~ 15℃. The average annual precipitation is about 300 mm, which varies greatly from place to place, ranging from 42 to 760 mm, decreasing from southeast to northwest, and the distribution of precipitation in each season is uneven, mainly from June to September. Gansu province is abundant in sunshine and light energy resources. The annual sunshine hours are 1700 ~ 3300 h, increasing from southeast to northwest. The annual sunshine hours in Hexi Corridor are 2800 ~ 3300 h, which is the area with the most sunshine. Longnan 1800 ~ 2300 h is the area with the least sunshine. Longzhong, Longdong and Gannan are 2 100 ~ 2700h.

The province's total land area is 454,400 square kilometers (425,800 square kilometers according to the results of the State Council demarcation), ranking seventh in the country, equivalent to 680 million mu. Among them, agricultural land is 38 1 10,000 mu; The construction land is 0./kloc-0. 4 million mu; 287 million mu of unused land. The per capita possession of land is 26.3 1 mu. The per capita arable land is 2.7 1 mu, which is more than twice that of the whole country. There are many mountains and few plains, and the mountainous hills in the province account for 78.2% of the total land area. The land utilization rate of the province is 56.93%, and the unused land is 2868 1.4 million mu, accounting for 42.05% of the total land area of the province, including deserts, Gobi, high mountains and rocks, bare rocks, low-lying saline-alkali land and swamps.

The water resources in Gansu Province mainly belong to the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the inland river. There are five major river systems in the Yellow River Basin: Taohe River, Yellow River, the main stream of the Yellow River (including Daxia River, Zhuanglang River, Zuli River and other small tributaries directly entering the main stream of the Yellow River), Weihe River and Jinghe River. There is Jialing River system in the Yangtze River basin; There are three major river systems in the inland river basin: Shiyang River, Heihe River and Shule River (including Sugan Lake System). There are 28.62 billion cubic meters of self-produced surface water resources, 870 million cubic meters of pure groundwater, and the total self-produced water resources are about 29.49 billion cubic meters, per capita 1 150 cubic meters. The total annual runoff of rivers in the province is 410.58 billion cubic meters, of which 78 rivers are over 654.38 billion cubic meters. There are 36 tributaries in the Yellow River Basin, except that the main stream of the Yellow River flows through the central part of the province. The basin area is large and the water conservancy conditions are superior. However, most areas in the basin are covered by loess, with sparse vegetation, serious soil erosion and large river sediment concentration. The Yangtze River system includes Bailong River and Western Han River, and Jialing River, a tributary in the southeast of the province, is rich in water resources, with stable changes during the year, no ice in winter, large river slope, many canyons and abundant hydropower resources. The inland river basin includes Shiyang River, Heihe River and Shule River, with five rivers 15, the total annual surface runoff1745 million cubic meters, and the basin area is 270,000 square kilometers. Most rivers originate in Qilian Mountain, and the northbound and westbound rivers flow into inland lakes or disappear in the desert Gobi. It has the characteristics of short flow, large upstream water volume, rapid water flow, shallow downstream valley, small water volume and changeable riverbed, but the water volume is relatively stable and hydropower resources are abundant.

Although the climate in Gansu Province is dry and meteorological disasters are serious, the abundant climatic resources such as light energy, heat, wind energy and atmospheric composition resources in arid climate areas are renewable. According to the distribution of climate resources in Gansu province, we can make zoning planning of climate resources, develop and utilize climate resources according to local climate characteristics, and make contributions to Gansu's economic construction and social development.

Gansu province is rich in natural resources. The total land resources are 45.4402 million hectares, with 2 hectares per capita, ranking fifth in the country; In addition to desert, Gobi, swamp, rocky bare rock, permanent snow and glaciers, there are still 273 1.4 1 10,000 hectares of land available for production and construction, accounting for 60. 1. 1% of the total land area. All kinds of woodland resources cover an area of 3,966,500 hectares, and there are patches of virgin forests in Bailong River, Taohe River, Qilian Mountain and Daxia River. There are more than 4000 kinds of wild plants in the forest, including Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Pistacia chinensis, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Caulis et Folium Gaultheriae Yunnanensis and Wufuhua. Among the wild animals, 54 species or subspecies such as giant panda, golden monkey, pronghorn, wild horse, wild camel, wild donkey, wild yak and white-lipped deer are listed as national rare animals. The area of grassland resources is15,752,900 hectares, accounting for 34.67% of the total land resources, of which natural grassland is15,648,300 hectares, accounting for 99.34% of the total grassland area. It is one of the main animal husbandry bases in China. Theoretical reserves of hydraulic resources 1724 15000 kw, ranking first in China 10, with potential development capacity 10688900 kw and annual power generation of 49.298 billion kwh. There are many kinds of mineral resources and rich reserves. Among energy minerals, there are reserves of coal, oil, oil shale, natural gas and geothermal water, and only coal includes anthracite, ordinary coal, coking coal and lignite. Iron, manganese, vanadium, chromium and other ferrous metals 14, mineral flux limestone, flux dolomite and other metallurgical auxiliary raw materials have been mostly proved, and the reserves of chromite, vanadium ore, magnesite and mould clay rank in the top five in China. Non-ferrous minerals include 28 kinds of non-ferrous metals, precious metals, rare metals and dispersed element minerals. Among them, copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, zinc, antimony, platinum group, selenium and tellurium are the dominant minerals in Gansu. In addition, there are 9 kinds of nonmetallic chemical raw materials such as sulfur, phosphorus, serpentine and mirabilite, and 4 kinds of nonmetallic building materials such as asbestos, muscovite, gypsum and limestone, all of which have proved reserves.

Planting occupies a prominent position in Gansu's agricultural economy, mainly planting wheat, corn, potato, millet, flax, rape, beet, cotton, hemp, tobacco, angelica, codonopsis pilosula and so on. In addition, various vegetables and fruits are planted and cultivated, forming a variety of planting systems with reasonable layout. Many products have become famous specialties in Gansu Province, such as beet in Hexi (the second highest sugar content in China) and long-staple cotton in Dunhuang. Animal husbandry is an agricultural economic sector that is second only to planting. There are all kinds of livestock and poultry, including horses, cows, donkeys, mules, camels, pigs, sheep, chickens and rabbits. There are 28 excellent livestock and poultry breeds, among which Hequma, Shandanma, Minxian Black Fur Sheep, Hezuo Pig, Jingning Chicken and Gansu Bactrian Camel are famous excellent livestock and poultry breeds in China. With the development of various economies, more than 20,000 hectares of water surface suitable for fish farming is used to develop fishery production, and more than 0/00 kinds of fish are cultivated, among which red trout, salmon, giant salamander, soft-shelled turtle, yellow river carp, pigeon fish and stone flower fish are famous and excellent aquatic products. Relying on provincial forest resources and suitable forest land resources, forestry production has been actively developed, and a forestry production system with timber forest, shelter forest, special forest, economic forest and firewood forest as the structure and fir, spruce, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus armandii, oak forest and poplar birch forest as the dominant tree species has been formed, with a total storage of 654.38+0.74 billion cubic meters. Industry is the leading industry of Gansu national economy. With abundant superior resources, we have focused on developing basic industries, formed a production system with heavy industry as the main body and coordinated development of light and heavy industries, including coal, petroleum, electric power, metallurgy, machinery, chemicals, building materials, forestry, food, textiles, paper making, etc., and become an important base of nonferrous metals, electric power, petrochemical industry, petroleum machinery manufacturing and building materials in China.

Communication traffic

The main railway lines are Longhai Line, Lanxin Line, Baolan Line, Lanqing Line and Ganwu Line, and Baozhong Railway is under construction. The main highways are Xilan Highway, Gan Xin Highway, Ganchuan Highway and Baolan Highway. Civil aviation has opened up an aviation network with Lanzhou as the center, leading to major cities in China, major tourist attractions in the province and old revolutionary areas such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi, Urumqi, Nanjing, Kunming, Dunhuang and Qingyang. At the end of the Seventh Five-Year Plan, the length of railway lines in the province reached 1.884 km, and the total mileage of roads, civil aviation and water transportation was 34,700 km, 35,700 km and 2 1.9 km respectively. Posts and telecommunications have developed rapidly. There are 1 1 16 post offices in the province, which have carried out voice mail, express mail, express mail, courtesy telegram, postal savings and other services. Long-distance telegraph and telephone calls from 0/4 prefectures, cities and 52 counties (cities) in the whole province/KLOC-have entered the national automatic transmission communication network. 1990, Gansu's total social output value was 50.5/kloc-0.0 billion yuan, national income was 20.728 billion yuan, per capita social output value was 2,258 yuan, and per capita national income was 927 yuan.

The development of western China.

The basic idea of implementing the strategy of developing the western region in Gansu Province is: market-oriented, focusing on infrastructure, ecological environment construction and structural adjustment, taking the strengthening of urban economy as the leading factor, implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the province through science and education, opening up and sustainable development, and taking the road of giving full play to comparative advantages, strengthening pillar industries and developing characteristic economy. Gansu will be built into an important national base for new nonferrous metallurgy materials, a comprehensive high-tech petrochemical base, a processing base for Chinese herbal medicines, a forestry and animal husbandry base and a major tourist province.

Marketization means to further emancipate the mind, change ideas, act in accordance with market economy and natural laws, deepen economic system reform, give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, and form a new mechanism to adapt to the development of socialist market economy.

Focus on infrastructure, ecological environment construction and structural adjustment, that is, accelerate the construction of infrastructure such as transportation focusing on highways, agricultural infrastructure focusing on water conservancy and urban infrastructure in the near future; Strengthen the construction and protection of ecological environment focusing on returning farmland to forest (grass); Accelerate the pace of structural adjustment, upgrade traditional industries with high-tech transformation, develop emerging industries and high-tech industries, and lay a good foundation and material and technical conditions for the full implementation of the western development.

With the development of urban economy as the leading factor, we will promote agricultural industrialization and consolidate the basic position of agriculture. At the same time, we will focus on Lanxin, rely on the Longhai Line and Lanxin Line, improve the level of urbanization and industrialization, form a supporting point for large-scale development and a new economic growth zone, and give full play to the role of central towns in the development of the western region.

The implementation of the three strategies is to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the province through science and education, strengthen basic education and the cultivation of applied talents, develop human resources and improve the quality of workers, vigorously promote technological progress and innovation, and make science and technology the first driving force for the development of the western region; Implement the opening-up strategy, focus on improving the soft investment environment, attract domestic and foreign talents, technology and funds, and promote the great development of Gansu; Implement the strategy of sustainable development, control population growth in development, rationally develop and utilize resources, protect the environment, and realize the coordinated development of Gansu's economy, society and ecology.

The way to give full play to comparative advantages, expand pillar industries and develop characteristic economy is to give full play to the comparative advantages of resources, location and old industrial bases, and form five pillar industries: oil and gas, fine chemicals, new nonferrous metallurgical materials, biopharmaceuticals, characteristic agricultural and sideline products, processing industry and tourism.

The implementation of the western development needs to be promoted step by step. After 10 years' efforts, the ecological environment in Gansu Province has been initially improved, the infrastructure conditions for comprehensive development are basically available, a benign development mechanism has been initially established, and a reasonable economic structure framework has basically taken shape. Several pillar industries with obvious characteristics have competitive advantages in the whole country. On this basis, after decades of efforts, Gansu will be built into a new Gansu with economic prosperity, social progress, stable life, national unity and beautiful mountains and rivers.