Is the internal combustion engine really gone?

There is no doubt that the general trend of internal combustion engines has gone-the popularity of internal combustion engines is a "historical mistake." Fuel cars and electric cars are very popular at the same time, but their fate is completely different. Electric vehicles were favored by high-end consumers more than 100 years ago, while internal combustion and external combustion vehicles were mainly used as industrial production vehicles. It can be said that the electric car is the most ideal family car, so why is it eventually replaced by the fuel car?

NVH- the core advantage of electric vehicles 1

The popularity of electric vehicles, there are two famous figures in history, Thomas Alva Edison and Henry Ford. The former is one of the most famous inventors in American history, and also a successful entrepreneur, because the Edison Lighting Company he founded also has great influence. There is also an anecdote about Edison and nikola tesla. In short, Edison's "attitude" as an entrepreneur has some Tesla inventions. But these contents have little to do with electric vehicles, and the focus is on the cooperation between Edison's nickel-iron battery and Henry Ford's "Ford Motor".

Edison devoted his life to the development and promotion of electric vehicles, which was almost the main topic of his lower body. The reason why we are so persistent is not because of the fuel saving and emission reduction mainly discussed by electric vehicles at present. The initial core factor is the ideal NVH (noise/vibration/acoustic vibration roughness) performance of electric vehicles. Compared with external combustion locomotives and diesel locomotives, electric vehicles are almost a "silent vehicle". The engine used in electric vehicles is an electric motor, and the operation of this machine depends on electromagnetic fields. Take the permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example.

The battery provides current to the electromagnetic mute of the motor. The electromagnetic field for by that electromagnetic coil and the permanent magnet are mutually exclusive. The permanent magnet drives the rotor to run and outputs torque-quasi-mute. (See the figure below for operating principle)

In the whole process of motor energy conversion, only the rotor bearing has a slight sound when it is running. This "buzzing" sound is like reducing the engine roar of a Formula One car by n times-linear and pleasant. The engines used by foreign internal combustion engines and popular internal combustion engines at the same time are not much better than the diesel engines equipped with tractors today. Cars no longer use external combustion engines (mainly steam engines). I won't discuss this kind of machine, just look at its features.

The internal combustion engine uses mixed gasoline to "deflagrate" in the engine cylinder, and uses the driving force generated by molecular movement during combustion and explosion to drive complex systems such as pistons, connecting rods and crankshafts. The whole energy conversion process is not only dynamic, but also very intense. The violent movement of molecules will inevitably produce * * * vibration with living things, which will cause air vibration and produce sound waves. Therefore, vibration will make drivers and passengers feel uncomfortable, and noise will make the auditory system tired and laborious.

The experience of internal combustion engine in the initial stage of popularization is actually not as ideal as that of carriage, which is naturally unacceptable to users who use carriage. So Edison, who is good at "playing with electricity", wants to move the motor to the car and build a motor vehicle with better experience and stronger performance than the NVH of the carriage. This invention is naturally successful, especially at the stage when NiFe battery is about to break through the energy density limit and its integration with Ford Model T is about to succeed. Electric vehicles have become the future of the development history of the automobile industry. However, these two wars have completely changed the development direction of the global automobile industry.

Before the outbreak of World War I, oil exploitation technology advanced by leaps and bounds, but not many cars were used. In order to make these energy sources create value, electric vehicles must be suppressed, so there is a very cruel "competition". The "water cut-off" of Edison Electric Vehicle Factory led to the burning of core technical data and test vehicles, and the technology research and development was inevitably "out of gear". Then there was World War I. At this node, the electric vehicle failed to provide vehicles for the battlefield, and the fuel vehicle was successfully upgraded. Then came World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, and local wars around oil in modern times.

The fuel vehicles created by two wars-thermal efficiency decided to be eliminated.

Even after a hundred years of technical upgrading, the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines is generally lower than 40% on the premise that NVH still cannot reach a high level. Thermal efficiency refers to the total thermal energy generated by burning a fixed unit of fuel, which can be converted into mechanical energy (effective work); In short, more than 60% of the heat energy of the internal combustion engine is wasted, that is to say, 0.6 liter of engine oil is wasted, which is a huge waste.

Therefore, the world's proven oil reserves are less than 200 billion tons, and the global average annual consumption exceeds 5.7 billion tons. If the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine is not upgraded (there will be no breakthrough), the oil energy storage will only be enough for global consumption for about 34 years. It is not difficult to predict the inevitable scene at this stage-local to total war around oil. If you want to avoid war, you need to find alternative energy sources and stay away from this "circle of right and wrong".

At the current level of science and technology, we can find an alternative energy source that can directly drive small engines-only electricity. Because electricity can be obtained infinitely from nature, such as the Three Gorges Hydropower Station, where the water flow is not only generating electricity, but also photovoltaic and wind power generation, geothermal energy, tidal energy, biomass energy and nuclear energy. These energy sources can be obtained infinitely from the universe, so electric energy can naturally be obtained infinitely. Therefore, the technical development direction once again points to electric vehicles, and the NVH of vehicles will return to a high level again, and the energy-saving standards and power experience will also be upgraded.

The speed of current transmission is second only to the speed of light, and the motor suddenly forms an electromagnetic field with the help of high-speed current. Its advantage is that it can produce the maximum torque in the first lap, which is beyond the reach of the best diesel engine or gasoline vehicle. Secondly, if the motor does not convert thermal energy into kinetic energy, there will be no loss of cooling power, and the operation structure is simple and the loss of motion power is small, so the ratio of energy conversion efficiency (equal to thermal efficiency) of this machine will always exceed 90%. Automobile electricity will not bring pressure to the power system, and automobile oil will "wither" the traditional energy forever.

To sum up, after the history of 100 years, the automobile will eventually return to the electric drive mode. Whether for energy saving and emission reduction or automobile experience, this upgrade will be a historical necessity, and this century is just a "wrong attempt" in industrial history.

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