Management methods of landlord economy

The landlord divided the land into small pieces and rented it to farmers. Farmers are a production unit, not only producing agricultural products and some handicrafts they need, but also producing some commodities in exchange for other means of production and means of subsistence. The combination of tenant farmers and cottage industries is often the combination of subsistence production and commodity production. However, this kind of commodity production is actually production and use value, or exchange use value.

In the landlord system economy, the main form of land rent is physical land rent. Tenants in China usually give half of the autumn harvest to landlords and provide them with extra contributions and services.

Land owned by landlords is not only subletted to tenants under the tenancy system, but also managed by their own handmaids or employees. These diversified business forms always coexist for a long time. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the attachment between tenant farmers and landlords gradually relaxed. By the Qing dynasty, tenant farmers had basically gained the freedom of migration, tenancy, rent withdrawal and production arrangement. At the same time, in order to ensure the realization of the landlord's economic interests, the feudal regime stipulated in law that the land rent owed to the tenant farmers should be recovered and punished by the local regime. Clan system and feudal ethics are also strengthening the bondage to farmers. In the Song Dynasty, the tenancy system gradually excluded and replaced other business forms and gained a dominant position, which marked the maturity of the landlord system economy. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the business forms of landlords and employees also developed, and capitalism sprouted.