Analysis on the development prospect and employment situation of statistics major studying in the United States

How do American universities choose their majors? For many people who don't know how to choose American graduate students to apply for a major, they need to know the development prospects and employment situation of their chosen major in American universities first, so as to have better career development or further study opportunities in the United States. Here, I would like to introduce the development prospect and employment situation of statistics major for students who are preparing to apply for statistics major in American universities. Developing statistical education;

Statistics is a methodological science for understanding society and nature, which comes from statistical work and is a theoretical summary of statistical work experience. Its specialty was born in 1890 and was first established by Oxford University. Subsequently, universities such as Cambridge, England and Harvard, USA also set up statistics majors. Famous German university professors Knies, Engel and Meier, and Frankfurt University professor Frascabo. Frascambo absorbed the general methodology of the British school of mathematical statistics and applied the methods in the natural field to social phenomena.

Modern statistics major is based on random sampling of mathematical inference statistics, and so is the country. American statistician Wald summed up the theory of estimation and hypothesis in statistics and founded? Decision theory? ; Wilkes in America and Wishart in Britain are also representatives of modern statistics. They put forward the theory and method of actual design in 1957, which broadened the scope of statistics.

The basic aspects of statistical research include: sample design, data mining, stochastic process, establishment of statistical model, model selection, time series, nonparametric statistical methods, Monte Carlo method, survival analysis, spatial statistics, Bayesian inference, learning of various classical statistical models, various probability theories and so on.

The research directions of applied statistics include: biostatistics, environmental statistics, financial statistics, economic statistics, genetic statistics, agricultural statistics and so on. These are branches of research formed by the application of statistics in other fields. Among them, biostatistics has developed very fast, and now many schools have established independent biostatistics departments.

Although statistics belongs to mathematics, from the setting of American universities, statistics has gradually become independent from the mathematics department and a separate statistics department. Now more and more schools set up statistics departments, which is the best proof. With the rapid development of science and technology, statistics widely absorbs and integrates new theories from other disciplines, constantly develops and applies new technologies and methods, deepens and enriches the theories and methods in the traditional statistical field, and expands new fields.

Today's statistics show great vitality. So the research direction of statistics is also a hundred flowers blossom, but because statistics itself is a branch of mathematics, the research direction of statistics is very scattered. Referring to several typical statistical schools in the United States, we can sum up the research direction of statistics.

Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics from the perspective of discipline history. The mathematical model is established mainly through the study of probability theory, and the collected system data is quantitatively analyzed and summarized, and then inferred and predicted, which provides reference for relevant decision-making.

Statistics departments of famous American universities are generally located in science colleges or business schools, but this does not mean that their statistical education is based on theory. On the contrary, American statistics higher education mainly focuses on application and has the following three characteristics:

The first is the wide application of statistical analysis software and case teaching method. In statistics teaching in American universities, statistical analysis software such as Excel, Minitab, SAS and SPSS are all necessary learning tools for undergraduates and postgraduates. The extensive use of these analysis software makes the processing, analysis and inference of massive statistical data fast and simple.

The second is to emphasize solving practical problems. The introduction of statistical theories and methods in American universities is not based on rigid concepts and formula theorems, but on a large number of practical problems in real life to elaborate the background, application conditions and basic statistical ideas of statistical theories and methods. Because the teaching of Statistics Department is mainly oriented to solving and dealing with practical problems, its graduates are widely welcomed by the society and have many job opportunities, which makes statistics one of the hottest majors in the United States.

Third, pay attention to cultivating students' practical ability. American universities pay special attention to the analysis and interpretation of statistical results, and require students to submit statistical analysis reports that can be thoroughly understood by people who know nothing about statistics, which truly embodies the practical value of statistics and greatly improves the social benefits of statistical results.

The curriculum system of American statistical higher education is clear and complete. Undergraduate courses focus on basic education, while postgraduate courses focus on in-depth study of statistics. At present, the major of statistics mainly covers the following four areas:

1. biometrics. This major is to explore how to design, sample, analyze, sort out and infer biological experimental research, and it is the hottest statistical field in the United States. Graduates of this major have broad employment prospects. They can enter universities to engage in teaching and scientific research, and they can also make statistical analysis in biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies. A considerable number of graduates have entered medical institutions, securities analysis and insurance companies.

2. Financial statistics. This major focuses on how the statistical departments of central banks and financial institutions investigate, collect, sort out and analyze the activities and data of various financial businesses, so as to provide statistical information and statistical consultation, and carry out financial statistical management and supervision. Graduates of this major generally work in banks, securities companies, investment funds, accounting firms, insurance companies and other financial institutions.

3. Applied statistics. This major mainly studies the application of general theories and methods of statistics in social, natural, economic, engineering and other fields. It is an interdisciplinary subject formed between statistics and other disciplines. Graduates can engage in mathematics research, statistics research, operational research research, computer programming, data analysis, accounting, securities analysis and other occupations.

4. Mathematical statistics. This major applies the analysis results of probability theory to study statistical data more deeply, reveals its inherent laws by observing the frequency of some phenomena, and makes corresponding judgments and predictions by constructing mathematical models. Graduates of this major also have broad employment prospects in government departments, financial institutions and computer companies.

Situation and trend of professional employment

Statistics graduates should be considered to be relatively difficult to find employment in economics, but on the one hand, statistics is still rising gradually in the overall downturn, on the other hand, statistics is one of the best employment majors in the United States, especially masters and doctors. According to statistics, the number of doctoral graduates in statistics is greater than that in mathematics every year, which shows that the market is searching for statistics strongly. If you are interested, you can go to the website of the American Statistical Society (http://www.amstat.org/careers/index.cfm? Fuse action = brochure), according to its description, statistics will still be on the rise in the workplace in the United States at least until 2008. According to its statistics, there is 0- 1. The median salaries of undergraduates, masters and doctors of statistics who have 9 years of work experience and do not perform management duties are 45,540,000 dollars and 80,000 dollars respectively, while those who have leadership duties are higher. Of course, this figure can't be compared with Harvard MBA, but you should know that the starting salary of the finance doctor who is recognized as the best job in the United States is $80,000 (it must be a prestigious school).

Of course, some people will say that the national conditions of the United States and China are different, but who would have thought that the introduction of the former state-owned shares reduction plan would be welcomed by the market four years ago? Who would have thought that at present, the proportion of mathematics in economic research has been comparable to that in the American Economic Review? It is inevitable that China's economy will be in line with foreign countries, and it will be in the next four or five years. In the long run, statistics must be paid more and more attention.

Of course we should take it seriously. Are you sure? Show weight? This is also a subject that your colleagues must face, which also means that our statistical research methods and contents will also undergo tremendous changes. In the meantime, I want to give you a suggestion. If it is difficult for undergraduates to find jobs and there is no big background at home, I'd better go to graduate school. At least from our school, the employment prospect is very good (much worse than Peking University and Tsinghua, of course).

Domestic situation: Although the statistics major has developed rapidly under the socialist conditions, the employment demand of statistics graduates is not ideal. What is the talent demand? Supply exceeds demand? Statistics graduates are mainly engaged in the statistical work of population, land, wealth, gross national product and military affairs.

At present, due to the high growth rate of talents, the country has broken the past? Unified distribution? , and changed to? Two-way choice, self-employment ? The same is true for statistics majors. This flexible employment policy gives college students the opportunity to choose jobs according to their own conditions and interests. But there is also a drawback, that is, some people will lose their jobs. Therefore, it also invisibly increases the competitive pressure of choosing a job. The employment situation of statistics graduates is very severe, and the social demand is close to saturation.

In recent years, there have been many influential figures in this field, such as Fu, who have successfully applied their professional knowledge of statistics to make efficient and accurate statistics for China's statistical work. A group of statisticians, such as Yao Fei and Zhi Li, have made gratifying achievements in this field and reached the level of synchronization with advanced countries in the world.

Due to the great employment pressure of graduates of this major, there are many things to pay attention to in employment. First of all, you should have excellent professional knowledge. Competition is great, and it is natural to choose the best among the best. Professional knowledge is the most basic condition to measure whether you are excellent or not. Therefore, be sure to bring your report card with you during the interview. Generally speaking, good students can do a good job in statistical work, because statistical work needs to be serious, patient and practical, so this is very important.

Because statistics is to list, analyze, process, sort out and check the overall data. It has been separated from qualitative science, and statistics is to calculate comprehensive indicators such as average and variance on the basis of these data. Through these, the collected data are described and compared to reflect the characteristics and quantitative relationship of things. These qualities are indispensable if you want to find an ideal job. Therefore, this major should pay attention to the accumulation of professional knowledge in addition to the way of language and the contents of many career choices. Including the nature of statistical research objects and basic research methods. Understand and master the skills and application methods of this major in a comprehensive and detailed way, and express them fluently when talking with leaders in order to achieve twice the result with half the effort.

In short, we should objectively evaluate ourselves from our own conditions when we are employed. Four years' study in college should be presented in a mature, steady and confident style. In addition, nowadays college students should not always stick to the choice of big cities and units, but always pay attention to personal income and working environment. We should consider more remote areas, pay more attention to the development of the western region, and pay more attention to the underdeveloped areas in China that need talents.

In recent years, due to China's opening to the outside world, many industries have developed, especially in coastal cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dalian. With the great development of other industries, the application of statistics in these places has also developed, and the demand for this professional talent is more than that in other small and medium-sized cities, but due to the dense population. There are more talents, and the employment pressure is greater. Therefore, students who graduate from this major must look at the problem from a long-term perspective and consider it carefully.

In recent years, the employment situation of graduates of this major is very bad, and the employment rate is only 30? 40%。 Moreover, the scope of employment is relatively simple and the income is not high. Coupled with the expansion of professional enrollment in the country, the number of students who graduate every year is gradually increasing, and the employment trend is becoming more and more severe.

General statisticians range from objective analysis to micro-enterprise statistics;

Economic consultants provide consulting, research and other related economic analysis for enterprises and institutions;

Market research and analysis experts conduct project evaluation and analysis.

By introducing the development prospect and employment information of statistics major in American universities, I believe that for many people who intend to choose American graduate students to apply for statistics major, they need to make clear some relevant information when choosing to apply for a major, so as to make a good professional application plan in advance.