What are the characteristics of three innovative organizational forms: strategic alliance, franchise and virtual enterprise compared with traditional forms?

What are the characteristics of three innovative organizational forms: strategic alliance, franchise and virtual enterprise? Strategic alliance refers to two or more enterprises, in order to achieve specific strategic goals such as resource sharing, risk or cost sharing and complementary advantages, while maintaining their independence, establish a relatively stable cooperative partnership through equity participation or contractual contact and take cooperative actions in some fields. So as to achieve a "win-win" effect. Its characteristic is that 1) all enterprises in the alliance generally have certain comparative advantages and can use each other. 2) All parties in the alliance have their own development strategies, and cooperation is to realize their own interests and strategic objectives of the consortium. 3) The business activities of all parties to the alliance are only bound by established agreements and contracts, and they all have independent and equal legal personality. 4) The duration of alliance is generally long. This depends on the development needs of all parties in the alliance. 5) All parties in the alliance are pursuing common synergy and obtaining expected economic benefits. //Franchising is a business activity conducted by granting a franchise, which is characterized by 1) having a franchisee. Franchisee is the core of the whole franchise organization and plays a leading role in managing the whole franchise organization system. 2) Many franchisees in the franchise organization system adopt the same management methods and characteristics. They all operate in a unified mode of operation. 3) Advocate the corporate culture of * * *. //Virtual enterprise, also known as "virtual company" or "shadow company", refers to an enterprise that breaks through tangible boundaries in organizational form. Although it has complete functions such as production, design, operation and finance, there is no organization within the enterprise to fully perform these functions. Compared with traditional enterprises, its characteristic is that the boundary of 1) enterprise is fuzzy. Virtual enterprise is not a complete economic entity in the legal sense and has no independent legal person qualification. 2) They use advanced communication means to communicate. 3) They are mobile and flexible. Virtual enterprise may be temporary or long-term, and its participants are also mobile. 4) "four Liang". Virtual enterprises must improve their professional level to ensure the control of key resources, such as patent rights. Marketing channels or R&D capabilities, etc. , so that enterprises can complete all the necessary links of the whole value chain by controlling the important stages of the value chain with monopoly characteristics. This makes it an important feature of the enterprise network of sincere cooperation and mutual trust. ...