Brief introduction of Buyi people's eight-tone sitting singing

Buyi people's eight-tone sitting singing, also known as "Buyi eight-tone", is a folk art rap form handed down from generation to generation by Buyi people. The so-called Buyi Eight Tones refers to the traditional rap art that spread from Anshun and Guanling in Zhenning to Zhenfeng in southwest Guizhou. Buyi Eight Tones is also called "Eight Tone Sitting Singing", and the performance team ranges from 8 people to 14 people. Life, beauty, cleanliness and ugliness are all sung without makeup. It is named after the ensemble of eight musical instruments, such as oxleg bone, bamboo tube piano, straight flute, Qin Yue, sanxian, awn bow, cucurbit silk and piccolo.

For thousands of years, it has been handed down from village to village in Nanpanjiang River Basin. According to legend, the prototype of Buyi Eight Tones belongs to court elegant music, mainly playing. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, due to the aesthetic consciousness of Buyi people, it gradually developed into a folk art form with silk and bamboo instruments as the main accompaniment.

trace the history (of)

Group singing? According to historical records, Bayin spread in the Buyi inhabited areas of Xingyi, Anlong, Ceheng and Wangmo in Guizhou as early as the Tang and Song Dynasties. Zhou Qufei, a Song Dynasty poet, said in Answer to Pingnan Music Outside the Ridge: "All counties in Guangxi can have fun together, and there is no need for music in all villages, such as sacrifices, weddings and funerals. Although they plow the fields, they will be happy, and drums and flutes will be played every day. Qiu Cheng recruits many musicians to teach his disciples every year, but they can't hear their rhyme. " Pingnan County, Zhou Xun is an ancient Duke of Zhou. It has an old teaching workshop, which is different from others. Sometimes, officials in the teaching workshop have left Pingnan to teach local people to have fun together. So far, they can spread their voice. "During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, folk customs and festive contents were added to the eight-tone aria, and the characteristics of other operas were absorbed, which greatly enriched the aria content. In the Qing dynasty, "playing and singing is one of the eight-tone industries, and all kinds of plays, such as life, poetry, purity, ugliness, etc., are sung without makeup ..." (according to Notes on Qing Dynasty). At this point, octave has developed into a folk art singing method. According to relevant data, Buyi Ba Yin was once popular in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Buyi village in Panjiang Valley, there is a music workshop "Bayintang" that teaches Buyi Bayintang skills, and the Bayintang team performing Bayintang has more than 300 people. After the founding of New China, Xingyi Buyi Bayin Orchestra has been invited to perform at home and abroad for many times, and it is known as "Wonderful Flower of Panjiang", "Sound of Nature", "Living Fossil of Sound" and "Art Pearl of Nanpanjiang".

In the heyday of the development of octave singing, another new literary form quietly emerged. This is Buyi Opera. Buyi Opera originated in the early Qing Dynasty, but there are different opinions about when it was formed. First, according to the genealogy of the old dramatist, it is probably during the Qianlong period. First, according to the Records of Xingyi County, in the early years of Guangxu (1875), Wang Shoushan, a clansman of Xingyi, proposed that for the first time, many people made special costumes and went on stage to please the old dam. At this point, Buyi Opera really completed her development, not only with tunes, voices, performances and costumes, but also became one of the operas. Buyi Opera is developed on the basis of "eight-tone singing" (see China Opera Music Integration Guizhou Volume O Buyi Opera Music Volume). From the performance point of view, Buyi Opera has movements, make-up and special costumes, which are exactly what the "eight-tone singing method" does not have. From this perspective, performance is the main difference between the two. This has also achieved two different forms of culture and art.

From pure instrumental music to performing singing, to octave singing, to Buyi opera, the unique scene of four musical forms has been formed. Moreover, these four musical forms have not been "swept away" by history, but exist simultaneously at present, forming "four musicians under one roof", which is extremely valuable. This provides a living specimen for studying the evolution and development of folk literature and art.

Development history

In the heyday of the development of octave singing, another new literary form quietly emerged. This is Buyi Opera. Buyi Opera originated in the early Qing Dynasty, but there are different opinions about when it was formed. First, according to the genealogy of the old dramatist, it is probably during the Qianlong period. First, according to the Records of Xingyi County, in the early years of Guangxu (1875), Wang Shoushan, a clansman of Xingyi, proposed that for the first time, many people made special costumes and went on stage to please the old dam. At this point, Buyi Opera really completed her development, not only with tunes, voices, performances and costumes, but also became one of the operas. Buyi Opera is developed on the basis of "eight-tone singing" (see China Opera Music Integration Guizhou Volume O Buyi Opera Music Volume). From the performance point of view, Buyi Opera has movements, make-up and special costumes, which are exactly what the "eight-tone singing method" does not have. From this perspective, performance is the main difference between the two. This has also achieved two different forms of culture and art.

From pure instrumental music to performing singing, to octave singing, to Buyi opera, the unique scene of four musical forms has been formed. Moreover, these four forms of music have not been "swept away" by history, but they exist at the same time at present, forming "four musicians under one roof", which is extremely valuable. This provides a living specimen for studying the evolution and development of folk literature and art.

Artistic feature

Solo？ Whenever people talk about "Buyi Eight Tones" and "Eight Tone Singing", they always ask: What does this "Eight Tones" mean? Why do you call her "Eight Tones"? What does she stand for? As we know, in the history of China music, the title "Eight Tones" first appeared in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. At that time, musical instruments were divided into eight categories according to different materials: gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, bamboo and bamboo. This is the "eight tones". Later, it was generally called musical instrument. And what is the relationship between the "Eight Tones" of "Buyi Eight Tones" and the "Eight Tones" of China music history? The "Eight Tones" in Buyi Eight Tones and Eight Tone Singing are now interpreted as eight musical instruments, namely: Xiao Tong, Niujiaohu, Huluqin, Yueqin, Drum, Gong and Chai.

"Eight Tones" is the name of the instrumental group. Eight-tone performance is generally an ensemble. When Zhou Qufei talked about the "Eight Tones" in the book "A Generation Beyond the Ridge" in the Southern Song Dynasty, he said: "Pingnan County is an ancient Duke of Zhou and has an old teaching workshop, which is different." Sometimes I am an official in the teaching workshop and go to Pingnan to teach the natives to have fun together. The voice is still heard. "Whether it is" Music is Different "or" Teaching the natives to Play Together ",it is said that there are many musical instruments in the band, and the playing form is ensemble. Judging from the music scores and folk performances handed down now, the characteristics of "music harmony" have been proved.

The Buyi people's eight-tone sitting singing is called "Wanbodi" in Buyi language, which means playing and playing. Eight-tone sitting singing is carried out in a circle with eight musical instruments, such as ox bone Hu (ox horn Hu), gourd Qin (gourd Hu), thorn drum (bamboo drum), flute tube, hairpin and gong. In the performance, the story is told by the "jump" in the first person and explained by the "jump" in the third person. Le Lang, Leyou, Muye and other Buyi musical instruments were also included. When singing, male artists often use high octaves, while female artists sing in the original tune, which can not only produce a strong contrast between pitch and timbre, but also increase the interest of singing. Singing in Buyi language, speaking and singing in Chinese, divided into low voice and peaceful voice, the role is shared by the band members. There are more than 30 kinds of tunes, such as positive tune, positive tune, out of tune, self-track tune, long tune, inverted long tune, anti-spring tune, tea pouring tune and drinking tune, which can be played alone or sung while playing.

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Expression form

There was a performance, a dramatic performance. The melody of "Eight Tones Sitting Singing" is simple and smooth, melodious and melodious. It is often played on national festivals, weddings, funerals, building houses, birthdays and other occasions. It is a national rap art form deeply loved by Buyi people. The most representative traditional programs are Buyi wedding customs, He Xitang, Hu and Nanxiang, welcoming guests, singing, toast song and Liang Zhu. , mainly including: Fu Mantang, He Shoutang, Ge Ran, Visiting Tang, etc. Sitting and singing a fragment of Hu and Nanyang; Fragments of the Buyi drama "Loose Clothes and Fixed Feelings"; The finale "Song of a Prosperous Age: High-spirited" is based on Buyi folk oral literature, folk music and rap art, which shows Buyi people's love for life, longing for harvest, pursuit of love and lashing ugliness. Because of its long history, elegance and rich national characteristics, it is called the living fossil of sound and the sound of nature.

Origin, form and artistic features?

Whenever people talk about "Buyi Eight Tones" and "Eight Tone Singing", they always ask: What does this "Eight Tones" mean? Why do you call her "Eight Tones"? What does she stand for? As we know, in the history of China music, the title "Eight Tones" first appeared in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. At that time, musical instruments were divided into eight categories according to different materials: gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, bamboo and bamboo. This is the "eight tones". Later, it was generally called musical instrument. And what is the relationship between the "Eight Tones" of "Buyi Eight Tones" and the "Eight Tones" of China music history? The "Eight Tones" in Buyi Eight Tones and Eight Tone Singing are now interpreted as eight musical instruments, namely: Xiao Tong, Niujiaohu, Huluqin, Yueqin, Drum, Gong and Chai.

"Eight Tones" is the name of the instrumental group. Eight-tone performance is generally an ensemble. When Zhou Qufei talked about the "Eight Tones" in the book "A Generation Beyond the Ridge" in the Southern Song Dynasty, he said: "Pingnan County is an ancient Duke of Zhou and has an old teaching workshop, which is different." Sometimes I am an official in the teaching workshop and go to Pingnan to teach the natives to have fun together. The voice is still heard. "Whether it's" Yue Fu Da Yi "or" Teaching Native Ensemble ",it means that there are many musical instruments in the band, and the playing form is ensemble. Judging from the music scores and folk performances handed down now, the characteristics of "music harmony" have been proved.

The Buyi people's eight-tone sitting singing is called "Wanbodi" in Buyi language, which means playing and playing. Eight-tone sitting singing is carried out in a circle with eight musical instruments, such as ox bone Hu (ox horn Hu), gourd Qin (gourd Hu), thorn drum (bamboo drum), flute tube, hairpin and gong. In the performance, the story is told by the "jump" in the first person and explained by the "jump" in the third person. Le Lang, Leyou, Muye and other Buyi musical instruments were also included. When singing, male artists often use high octaves, while female artists sing in the original tune, which can not only produce a strong contrast between pitch and timbre, but also increase the interest of singing. When singing, we sing in Buyi language and speak and sing in Chinese, which is divided into low voice and peaceful voice, and the role is shared by the band members. There are more than 30 kinds of tunes, such as positive tune, positive tune, out of tune, self-track tune, long tune, inverted long tune, anti-spring tune, tea pouring tune and drinking tune, which can be played alone or sung while playing.

Inherited value

Eight-tone singing is gradually created and formed by Buyi people in their long-term production and life practice. It is deeply rooted among Buyi people, with distinctive Buyi characteristics and broad mass base. It can be said that the eight-tone sitting singing is not only the crystallization of the wisdom of the Buyi people, but also a treasure in the treasure house of China Quyi. At present, the existence and development of the eight-tone sitting singing is facing serious difficulties, and it is in urgent need of protection and support.

other

Relevant countries attach great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, Quyi was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.