Zhangzhou custom

Traditional festivals and customs. Spring Festival Spring Festival is the biggest festival, which is called "Xinzheng" or "China New Year". In the Qing Dynasty, "it was a custom to get married. In the first month, the door was dry with tea and wine for entertainment, welcoming the gods, beating drums with bright lights, calling witches, dressing up in Taiwan, and traveling to and from the city." Avoid saying unlucky things during the Spring Festival. If the child is not sensible and says something unlucky, wipe his mouth with toilet paper. At the same time, avoid quarreling, beating and cursing, and throwing dishes. If you accidentally break a plate, collect the pieces and put them in a stone mortar or well. It is said that "peace through the years" and the homonym of "breaking" and "old" is used to turn evil into good, so as to maintain a peaceful and happy atmosphere. In the old custom of Zhangzhou City, it is necessary to visit "Ye Gong Street" in the New Year (that is, a section of Nanchang Road near the North Bridge today, there were five palaces of Haicheng Gonghuang in the Qing Dynasty; "Yegong Street" changed places several times after 1930s. Its content is equivalent to the Spring Festival Temple Fair in the Central Plains. After liberation, except during the "Cultural Revolution", the government has specially set up healthy and beneficial entertainment programs for local organizations, instead of "Yegong Street" as a place for the masses to enjoy spring. In the past, in Xiao Yun, Shima and other places and coastal areas, there was a "stone-throwing play" in the first month, and participants often enjoyed it. This custom seems to have originated from the Yue indigenous people in ancient Fujian, but it was dismissed as vulgar in the late Qing Dynasty. After the founding of New China, during the Spring Festival, local party and government leaders carried out the activities of "supporting the army and giving preferential treatment to its dependents", and all units and neighborhood committees organized the masses to express their condolences to the martyrs. During the "Cultural Revolution", it was advocated to break the old customs and celebrate the "Revolutionary Spring Festival". Organize urban residents to carry manure to the countryside to support agriculture; Farmers build water conservancy projects, level the land and build "Dazhai field". All units also organized a "bitter meal" made of bran vegetables to show that they did not forget the bitter days of the old society. In addition to the "Cultural Revolution" period, the Spring Festival has a three-day holiday, and all units hold Spring Festival tea parties and group worship. On the first day of the first month, organs and units decorate fruits, cakes and preserves, entertain visitors and employees of their own units and congratulate each other on the Spring Festival, which is called "group worship". Other units hold internal gatherings of different scales according to their economic strength. At present, most of the cultural and recreational activities in the city and counties (districts) are funded by enterprises, which are not only public welfare activities to enjoy the people, but also activities to promote enterprises and sell goods. (1) On the first day of the New Year, every household will set off firecrackers, which is called "Ryan". Hakkas also prepare tea and sugar and burn incense in front of the door. This is called "worshipping righteousness". On the first day, everyone got up early, put on new clothes, burned incense and lit candles to worship the ancestors of heaven and earth. Young students pay New Year greetings to their elders, and they immediately give them red envelopes and oranges. Get up early that day, every household sets off firecrackers, throws their guns outside the door, and then opens the door, which is also called "opening the door". The family should eat some brown sugar noodle soup. Sugar means sweet; Lines and noodles symbolize longevity, that is, praying for the happiness and longevity of the whole family. Red paper flowers are inserted in sweet noodles and three bowls of dry rice to offer sacrifices to ancestors. Red paper flowers are called "spring branches of rice", in which "spring" and "surplus grain" are homophonic in dialect, indicating that there is more food at home. At present, the custom of worship has been basically abolished in cities and towns, but there are still reservations in rural areas. Vegetarian breakfast, dry rice with "long-year vegetables" (made of tofu and whole spinach, leeks, mustard greens, etc.). ). The long dishes in Zhangzhou are peeled one by one (without a knife), blanched in water, and put in a bowl to be sour. On New Year's Eve, everyone should eat a little around the stove and add the rest to the "tail" of the New Year's Eve, which is said to help digestion and relieve boredom. Mustard can also replace leek as a long-term vegetable. Generally, we don't cook new rice at New Year's Eve, but eat more braised rice, which means one more year. Some also eat eight-treasure porridge or sweet noodle soup. After dinner, young people and old people put on new clothes and go door to door to pay New Year greetings to relatives and friends. Old customs say "congratulations on making a fortune" to each other when they pay New Year greetings; After the 1950s, he said "Happy New Year" instead of making a fortune. After the 1980s, it was popular to congratulate you with "Congratulations on getting rich". When visiting relatives and friends to celebrate the New Year, the host cooks sweet tea with red dates, candied dates, dried longan or rock candy and winter melon sugar, and treats guests with candied fruits, candied fruits, red dates and other melon seeds and red oranges in a red lacquer sacrificial box. In the Ming Dynasty, people in Zhangzhou used betel nuts to honor guests during the Spring Festival, but now this custom still exists in Taiwan Province Province. When relatives and friends come to pay a New Year call, the host often treats them with delicious food and wine, which is called "spring wine". When guests leave, both parties often give red envelopes to each other's children. Don't eat porridge on the first day to avoid going out in rainy days; Don't take out the garbage outdoors to avoid "leaking money". In addition, there are taboos such as not washing clothes, not pumping water (in some places, the wellhead is sealed with a rice screen), not asking for fire, not sweeping the floor, not using a knife needle, not collecting debts, not beating and scolding children, and not wearing white and blue clothes. Avoid breaking utensils and saying unlucky things. Modern people still have these taboos, but they are not very particular about them. In the past, "boatmen" on the Jiulong River would buy a large bundle of sugarcane with roots and leaves during the Spring Festival, tie it to the mast with red silk cloth, and then unload it for three days to pray for good luck. (2) Get up early in the second, third, fourth and second days, cook the first sumptuous meal in the New Year ("the first tooth"), offer food, rice and sacrifices to ancestors, but don't burn paper. The next day is commonly known as "son-in-law's day". On that day, the son-in-law and his wife's children brought cooked pig's trotters, rice cakes and other gifts to their parents-in-law's house to pay New Year's greetings, and the parents-in-law gave a banquet to entertain them. After the banquet, the husband and wife should go home before the smoke rises that night, and they are not allowed to stay at Yue's house. This is a day to avoid bachelors visiting their daughters' homes. The third day is considered as "Red Dog Day" (unlucky day), which is unlucky. Watch the vigil on New Year's Eve, get up early on the second day of the first day, and you can be "sleepy enough" (sleep enough) on the third day. According to the old custom, new mourners should pay homage to the dead on the third day of the first month, and relatives come to pay their respects, which is called "removing new worries". Therefore, on New Year's Day, we generally don't visit each other to avoid bad luck. There is no such taboo now. The Hakkas then finished the "New Year's Eve" offering sacrifices to the gods and ancestors. Generally speaking, the kitchen god came home from the sky in the middle of the night on the third day, and the layman bathed and burned incense in the early morning of the fourth day, placed three kinds of fruits, and burned "hun 1" paper printed with horses, sedan chairs, grooms and bearers, which was called "receiving incense". In the early morning of the fourth day of the old day in Zhangzhou City, three shots were fired, and then the manhole cover was opened to draw water. (3) After the fifth annual leave, all walks of life start to work and do business, so it is called "fake leave". On the same day, every household moved the annual meal placed on the altar of offering sacrifices to the gods and ancestors and began to clean up. All the rubbish accumulated during the New Year should be cleared away and the offerings should be removed. Tourists receive as usual, but they don't have to bring fruits, preserves and sweet tea. Shops should set off firecrackers when they are open for business, and red paper is posted in front of the door, which reads "Great Geely City" and "Good Business". (4) After the "fake opening" of the sixth, seventh and eighth day, the Chinese New Year activities basically ended, and more suburban women went to the city for entertainment during the Spring Festival than the sixth day. As the saying goes, "The sixth line of A (D) has no eyes (ankles)". People think that walking more on the sixth day can avoid "corns" on their feet. The seventh day of the seventh day is "People's Day" or "Seven Yuan Day", commonly known as "Xiao Ping". In the old days, farmers selected five grains and vegetables and cooked them together, which was called "Qibao soup", thinking that it could relieve all diseases. In the Song of the First Month, it is called "eighth-day wheezing (hungry crying)", which means that by the eighth day, all the necessities such as rice have been eaten up, and people have to start preparing food for offering sacrifices to the gods, so it is also called "eighth-day touching (busy with housework)". It was day and night that people began to worship God, and firecrackers continued all night. (5) The ninth and tenth days are commonly known as "born in heaven" (Jade Emperor's birthday). Zhang people kill big pigs, and every household kills cocks, leaving tail feathers to sacrifice to the gods. There are incense tables at home, and sacrificial bowls, rice cakes, incense bowls, hair bowls and red turtle bowls are used for sacrifices. Special long yellow paper money ("Chang Qian") is tied to the knocker with red silk thread and burned after the worship. In the past, the society also asked the troupe to act "to respect God". There are special foods dedicated to offering sacrifices to gods everywhere, and in some places it is forbidden to pick up dung barrels and pig dung on this day. In the old days, there was a custom of respecting and cherishing word paper. If you don't use it, put it in the "wastebasket". Collecting words and paper in the street is considered a good deed and can also be redeemed. On the ninth day of the first month, there is a custom of "feeding paper". On that day, the charity put the word paper collected in the past year into a box, wrapped it in red silk, wrote the words "national quintessence" or "word paper", inserted golden flowers, and carried it across the street. The students dressed up and carried it to the stream for incineration. The tenth day is commonly known as "the birthday of the earth god". On that day, it is forbidden to pound rice and cut wood, so as not to offend the land god. (6) Eleven, thirteen and eleven are commonly known as "eating blessings". Every family will prepare a sumptuous dinner, which means that they will be blessed this year. As the saying goes, "You gain wisdom after eating a pit" (sound can refer to old age), which also means praying for a long life. You must eat leek tofu on the table. As the saying goes, "leek is spring, and tofu is there." /kloc-On 0/3, every family of boys born last year prepared a pair of red lanterns with the words "Celebrate Nongzhang" and hung them in front of the ancestral hall or nearby temples. "Ding" and "Deng" are homonyms in dialect, and it is a prosperous phenomenon to add Ding and light lamps. This custom has now been abolished. There are many here ~ I hope you can use/html/fjzz/lypd/zzms/10150755534.html/html/fjzz/lypd/zzms/