Types, advantages and disadvantages of automobile suspension

As we all know, suspension system is the general name of all the force transmission connecting devices between the frame and the axle or wheel. Its function is to transmit the force and torque acting between the wheel and the frame, buffer the impact force transmitted to the frame or body by the uneven road surface, and attenuate the vibration caused thereby, thus ensuring the smooth running of the vehicle. Dependent suspension is usually called scooter suspension. The structural feature of the independent suspension system is that the wheels on both sides are connected by an integral axle, and the wheels and axles are suspended under the frame or body through the elastic suspension system. Advantages and disadvantages: Non-independent suspension system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high strength, small occupied space, convenient maintenance and little change in front wheel alignment during driving. Disadvantages: Because of poor comfort and handling stability, it is also used in modern cars. Basically used in the rear suspension of small cars and compact cars, as well as trucks and buses. Common dependent suspension types 1. Torsion beam non-independent suspension balances the up-and-down runout of the left and right wheels through the torsion beam, so as to keep the vehicle balanced. Because it occupies a small space, it is generally used in small cars to ensure the seating space of passengers in the back row. 2. The trailing arm of the trailing arm dependent suspension swings up and down to realize the rigid connection between the wheel and the car body, and the hydraulic shock absorber and spiral spring are used as soft connecting rods in the middle. The structure is simple and practical, and the cost is low, but the anti-roll ability is weak and the shock absorption performance is not very good. 3. Non-independent suspension with leaf spring adopts leaf spring as elastic element, which is installed on the car parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car. With the function of guiding system, the suspension system is greatly simplified. This suspension is widely used in the front and rear suspension of freight cars. Independent suspension Independent suspension system means that the wheels on each side are independently suspended under the frame or body through elastic suspension system. Advantages and disadvantages: advantages:

Light weight, reducing the impact on the car body and improving the ground adhesion of the wheels; Soft springs with lower stiffness can be used to improve the comfort of the car; It can reduce the position of the engine and the center of gravity of the car, thus improving the driving stability of the car; The left and right wheels jump independently, which can reduce the inclination and vibration of the car body. Disadvantages:

Independent suspension system has complex structure, high cost and inconvenient maintenance. Common independent suspension types 1. McPherson independent suspension McPherson independent suspension is one of the most popular automobile suspensions. It is durable, has strong road adaptability, good road feedback and handling performance, low cost and small occupied space. 2. Multi-link independent suspension Multi-link independent suspension is divided into five-link rear suspension and four-link front suspension (many Audi models are equipped with front and rear five-link suspension systems). It can effectively reduce the situation of understeer or oversteer and improve the control performance of the vehicle. The compact structure increases the available space in the car; But its cost is high, so it is mostly used in high-end models. 3. Double wishbone independent suspension Double wishbone independent suspension, also known as double-link suspension, has high lateral stiffness and excellent anti-roll performance; Good grip performance; However, the later maintenance is complicated, which leads to the high cost of car use.