What kind of drum is this? Hmong?

It seems that it is not a Miao drum, but a kind of waist drum, and it seems that the workmanship is not so good.

Next, I will classify the drums of ethnic minorities. See if the material and style of your drum match.

In national orchestras, the most common drums are China drum, Pai drum and timpani drum. Everyone is familiar with these, so I won't introduce them much. In China traditional opera band, banjo plays an extremely important role as a conductor. "Bangu", also known as the big drum, was always used in the Qing music of the Tang Dynasty in the 6th and 7th centuries. It is made of leather and wood in a round shape, with a thick drum face covered with thick pigskin and a drum eye with a diameter of five or six centimeters. Knock the drum eye with two rattan or bamboo drum keys, that is, drum heart When playing, the drum body is hung on a wooden tripod, and the sound of Ban Gu is solid and crisp, which is often used in folk opera ensemble and music. A drum similar to banjo, also used in opera oratorios or opera bands, is called Diangu, also known as Huaigu. Thick wood edges, high in the middle, gradually low on the four sides, and Mengniu skin on both sides. Drumsticks are also made of bamboo or mahogany and are called sticks. When playing, one side of the drum stand stands upright on the right knee, the drum faces forward, the right wrist is pressed above, and the right hand is hammered with the thumb, forefinger, middle finger and ring finger. Most of them are knocked at every beat, which plays the role of beat.

In the Dai nationality, the "elephant foot drum" is one of the most commonly used percussion instruments. "Elephant Foot Drum" has a slender drum body, and the drum surface was once made of python skin, but now it is made of sheepskin. The drum body is made of light wood and a complete log is hollowed out. The drum body is painted with bright colors and decorated with peacock feathers, which is very beautiful. The book "Biography of Hundred Arts" written by Chao Renqian said that the Dai people "use sheepskin as a three-five-long drum and beat it with their hands". The "three-five-long drum" mentioned here refers to the elephant foot drum, and "three-five" refers to its length of three to five feet. It can be seen that before the Ming Dynasty, the Dai people had "elephant foot drums". When playing "Elephant Foot Drum", hang the drum belt on the left shoulder, so that the drum body is inclined on the left hip, with the drum face slightly higher forward and the drum bottom slightly lower backward (or stand the drum upright on the ground). Hold the drum edge with your left hand, and tap the drum surface alternately with your index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and right hand. Its playing techniques are rich, such as forehand, boring, fingering (that is, using one finger), slapping boxing (semi-clenched boxing) and so on. Hit repeatedly with your right hand, and use your hands and feet when playing climax or emotional excitement. Interestingly, when Dai drummers play, some paste a layer of glutinous rice or a small rice ball in the center of the drum surface, and adjust the tone and pitch with the size and thickness of the rice ball. The "elephant foot drum" has different pronunciations because of its different sizes. The big drum is magnificent and heavy, the middle drum is vigorous and high-spirited, and the small drum is crisp and bright. "Elephant Foot Drum" is often combined with "Mang Gong" and "Dai cymbals" to accompany Dai folk dances. The well-known "peacock dance" has the moving voice of "elephant foot drum". Dai people also have a common drum "Dai drum". Baoshan Dai area in the lower reaches of Nujiang River is called "Guangnong". The Dai area in Xishuangbanna is called "Guangbian". Also known as "two-sided drum" and "double-barrel leather drum". As early as more than 500 years ago, the Dai people had this kind of drum, which has been widely circulated in Dai villages for hundreds of years. Today, it is the accompaniment instrument of the Dai folk dance Gaguangnong. "Light Lane" is a big drum, and "honk" means dancing, which is a great encouragement. Dai drums are hollowed out with locally grown buttonwood trees, mango trees or Toona sinensis trees. This drum is about 80 cm long and looks like a water tank. One head is big and the other is small, and both sides are wrapped with cowhide, deerskin or other animal skins. The drum head at the big end is about 50 cm in diameter and the small end is about 25 cm in diameter. The drums on both sides are tightened with cowhide strips, and the tightness can be adjusted. The internal structure of the drum is special, and the middle of the drum is cut into two communicating drum cavities, so it can produce a good acoustic effect with a long aftersound. There is also a round hole with a diameter of 3 cm on one side of the drum body. When the drum skin collapses due to dampness, it can be moistened with wine. After the wine evaporates, the drum skin will naturally tighten. When playing the big drum, the young and strong young men of the Dai family tied the belts at both ends of the drum and straddled the left shoulder. The left palm slaps the small drum surface to make a higher sound, and the right hand taps the big drum surface with a thick wooden pestle to make a lower sound. You can also play drums horizontally on a special drum stand. The performers danced while tapping, and their voices were loud and stirring. Due to the different sounds at the two ends of the drum and the changeable rhythm, the drum sounds are heavy and light, and the timbre is rich and colorful. "Korean Long Drum" is a percussion instrument widely used by Korean people in China. It originated from Indian waist drum, also known as "stick drum". Historically, it was popular in the Central Plains. In the 4th century, the Indian waist drum entered the Central Plains of China through the Silk Road, and then spread eastward to North Korea. It has a long history, unique structure and soft timbre, and is often used in songs, dance accompaniment and instrumental ensemble. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the long drums in the Central Plains were called Du Xian Drum, Maoyuan Drum and Waist Drum. Although there was no long drum at that time, it was actually used in Tianzhu, Qiuci, Xiliang, Shule, Gaochang, Korea and other places. Long drums in Song Dynasty went down in history with the name of "Zhanggu". In the Yuan Dynasty, the records about sticks and drums in Yuan Shi Qi Zhi were more detailed. In the past century, the stick and drum gradually disappeared in the Central Plains of China, but it was widely circulated among Korean people and renamed as "Korean Long Drum". The drum of the long drum is cylindrical, about 70 cm long and made of a piece of wood (or a combination of several pieces of wood). The two ends are thick and empty, and the middle is thin and solid, forming two singing cavities. The diameter of the drum surface at both ends is different, and the thickness of the drum skin covered is also different. Generally, sheepskin, horse skin, cowhide or donkey skin are used to tighten the rope to adjust the tension of the drum skin, so each long drum can emit two different timbres, with the thick end soft and deep, the thin end crisp and bright, and can also be tuned according to the needs of performance. When playing a long drum, the right hand holds a thin bamboo stick and the left hand plays it. There are two forms of performance: one is to hang a smaller long drum across the chest and dance while playing, such as the famous Changgu of the Korean people, which is not only an accompaniment instrument, but also a prop for dancing. The other is to put a slightly larger drum on a wooden frame, play it as an instrument in front of the performer, accompany the vocal music (such as playing and singing on Gayatrix) or participate in instrumental ensemble, which is often used to express a relaxed and happy mood. Under the impact of skilled players, two different voices are interlaced, and the two different voices are flickering, sometimes light and sometimes heavy, cadence and cadence, and the timbre is particularly beautiful and distinct. With its unique and rich musical language, it shows complex and delicate thoughts and feelings, with distinctive Korean style and strong local color.

There is also a percussion instrument called Changgu in Yao nationality, which has been spread to the Song Dynasty. It is mainly made of Yan Zhi wood, with fine craftsmanship, and is also used for dance accompaniment. As early as the Song Dynasty in12nd century, Yao people made long drums. But they don't give in to each other, they don't sell, they are all in the village. It was called "cymbal drum" or "cymbal drum" in ancient times. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, cymbals were still named, and some Yao villages still called the long drums "cymbals". "Yao Dragon Drum" is beautifully made and has a beautiful appearance. It is not only a folk musical instrument, but also an ancient and exquisite handicraft. Long drums are mostly made of dovetail wood. The drum body is long and cylindrical, about 82 cm long. It is made of a whole piece of wood. The waist of the middle drum is thin and solid, the two ends are slightly thick and empty, and the skin is covered with sheepskin or rabbit skin. There are clouds, sun and moon, dragons and phoenixes, flowers and plants, birds and animals, etc. The paint is bright and full of national style, and some of them are still tied with eight small bronze bells at both ends of the drum and around their waist. Among the folk dances of the Yao nationality, the most famous one is the Long Drum Dance. Dancers hang the drum obliquely around their waist and beat it with both hands, or hold the drum in the middle with their left hands and beat it with their right hands, dancing while playing. The long drum is not only an accompaniment instrument, but also a prop for dancing. In Yao villages, people jump up and cheer in ecstasy every year on 10 and 16.

In Zhuang area of Guangxi, there is also a kind of thin waist drum similar to "Korean long drum" and "Yao long drum", called "bee drum". It is named after the shape of the drum is like a bee waist. It is also called "horizontal drum" because it is played across the chest. Its playing method and style are similar to those of "Korean Long Drum", and they are of the same origin. Bee drum was called "war drum", "beating drum" and "positive drum" in ancient times. Popular in the Northern Wei Dynasty, it is also called "Wei Drum". It has a history of 1000 years. Its drum body is mostly made of pottery and wood. One end of the drum surface is spherical and the other end is trumpet-shaped. Cover with cowhide or sheepskin. When playing the bee drum, beat the drum across the chest, with the high note "da da" on the spherical side and the low note "da dong" on the drum surface at the trumpet end. The sound of ceramic bee drum is clear; The timbre of the wooden bee drum is soft and pleasant. Playing techniques can be drummed with both hands, or with the right hand and the left hand. Zhuang people should play drums and sing songs at festivals, weddings and funerals, and pray for a bumper harvest. In addition, bee drums are also very popular among Yao and Maonan ethnic groups.

Zhuang and Gelao people also have a folk musical instrument called "Eight-tone Drum". It was named after its use in the national instrumental ensemble "Eight Tones". Popular in the Gelao mountain village in Longlin Autonomous County of Guangxi and the border of Guizhou and Guangxi. The shape of Zhuang's eight-tone drum is flat and round. The drum head is about 26 cm in diameter and 1 1 cm in height. The drum frame is made of wood. Both sides are covered with cowhide and sheepskin. The periphery of the drum skin is fixed with bamboo nails. One side of the drum is decorated with a small iron ring tied with red or colored cloth strips. When playing, the left hand holds the iron ring and cloth, and the right hand holds the Xiao Mu pestle to beat the drum surface. There are clicking and scrolling modes for playing. In the national instrumental ensemble Longlin Eight Tones, each band uses eight-tone drums.

The eight-tone drum of Gelao nationality is also called "Eight Immortals Drum". Because the Gelao octave band is also called the Eight Immortals. "Eight-tone Drum" is a tambourine with a handle of the Gelao nationality. The drum body is flat and round, with different sizes, the drum surface diameter is 13-25cm, and the drum height is 5- 10cm. Mengniu skin or sheepskin on all sides. When playing, the left hand holds the drum handle and the right hand holds the Xiao Mu pestle. Play a role in stabilizing the rhythm in the band.

In Zhuang nationality, "side drum" is also widely used. In the ensemble of Zhuang bronze drum music (often played alternately by four bronze drums with different sizes and timbres), the side drum is the main foil instrument, often accompanied by bronze drum music ensemble and Taoist dance. Popular in Wuming and Bama areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The side drum is flat and small. The drum frame is made of bamboo or wood, and one side is covered with skin. The diameter of the drum surface is 24-26 cm, and the height of the drum frame is 4-5 cm. The edge of the drum frame is decorated with colored spikes. The side drum popular in Wuming area is small, with a maximum diameter of only 24 cm, with Mengniu skin or snakeskin. When playing, the left hand holds the drum stand and the right hand taps or taps with a stick. The side drum popular in Bama area is slightly larger, with a drum surface diameter of about 26 cm. It is made of Mengniu skin, pigskin or snakeskin. When playing, the thumb and palm of both hands hold both sides of the drum stand, and other fingers simultaneously or alternately tap the drum surface to make a crisp and bright sound, which is very similar to the tambourine in Xinjiang.

"Tibetan God Drum" is also called "Horn Drum". Religious musical instruments used in Tibet trumpet temple. The drum frame of the magic drum is round wood, and both sides are covered with sheepskin. The drum head is about 40 cm in diameter and the drum frame is about 2 1 cm thick. The drum body is decorated with various painted patterns, and the lower end is connected with a long wooden handle, which is about 120 cm high. Beat with a curved drum pestle. When playing, the player sits on the floor, holds the long handle in his left hand to make the drum stand upright, and beats the drum pestle in his right hand. When marching and playing in the honor guard band, one person carries the drum on his shoulder and the other person hits it with a pestle behind him. "Tibetan God Drum" has been used in song and dance performances. You can play with a silk belt hanging on your chest. It is also an important accompaniment instrument for Tibetan opera.

"Bamboo Drum" is a Wa folk musical instrument widely spread in Wa mountainous areas. In Washan Village in Cangyuan and other places, almost every family has bamboo drums for children to tap for entertainment. The original bamboo drum is a bamboo plastid musical instrument made of Dalong bamboo. After the reform of Cangyuan County Cultural and Art Troupe, it has now become a film instrument. The bamboo tube is made of a thick bamboo (about 3 knots) about one meter long. The upper section is used as a drum cavity, the uppermost bamboo section is removed, and covered with cowhide or sheepskin. The bamboo tube below the drum cavity is dug into empty strips, the middle section is tied with bamboo strips to form a honeycomb drum frame, and the lower section is bound into three legs. Beautiful and generous appearance, full of local characteristics. When playing, you can stand the bamboo drum on the ground and tap the drum surface with your hands, or you can hold the bamboo drum around your waist with your left hand and play it with a pestle with your right hand. Bamboo drum has no fixed pitch, and its pronunciation is high and crisp, and it is often used for folk dance accompaniment. In the Wa nationality's bamboo inspiration, young men and women danced while playing. Like many other national percussion instruments, it is both an accompaniment instrument and a dancer's prop.

After talking about "bamboo drum", let's take a look at "wooden drum". "Wooden Drum" is a musical instrument widely used by Wa, Gaoshan and Miao nationalities. With a long history, simple image and low pronunciation. 1700 years ago, it was popular in Taiwan Province province, China. Wooden drums have a wide range of applications. Among the Wa people, they are often used as signal tools to convey news such as war or fire, besides being played at festivals, religious activities or grand gatherings. In addition, when hunters go out hunting and return to their villages, people will beat wooden drums to welcome them. The Wa people's drum drum dance and the Wa people's drum dance are accompanied by small wooden drums. Rich national style, deeply appreciated by people. Miao people in Guizhou and Gaoshan people in Taiwan Province Province also have wooden drums. They are similar to Wa wooden drums in form. Wooden drums are made of whole logs, mostly from the lower part of the trunk of red-haired trees or Toona sinensis. The traditional wooden drum 1.5-2 meters long and 40-60 cm in diameter. Dig a long and narrow gap in the middle of the log and hollow it out to form a * * * cavity, the internal structure of which is somewhat similar to that of Nanbangzi. Pairs of Dai wooden drums have the same appearance and structure, but different materials, sizes and sounds. The larger female drum is made of a tree called Ma Ying, with a length of 1.8m and a diameter of 66cm, while the smaller male drum has a lower and heavier pronunciation. Generally made of mangrove, it is 1.5m long and 62cm in diameter, with higher and brighter pronunciation. After the musicians' reform in recent years, a small wooden drum with a length of 1.25 cm and a diameter of 25 cm appeared. A straight groove with wide ends and narrow middle was dug in the middle of the log, and a symmetrical wooden wall called "drum tongue" was left at both ends of the groove, and a drum belly with shallow ends and deep middle was dug around the drum tongue. Because the thickness of the drum tongue and the depth of the drum belly are different, tapping different parts of the wooden drum can make different sounds. When knocking on the wooden drum, put it on two boards, so as to leave the ground and make a * * *. The drum pestle for playing wooden drums is very special. It is 40-43 cm long, thick at both ends and thin in the middle, and looks like a dumbbell. When tapping, the player holds a pestle in the middle of each hand, while dancing, tapping the pestle on both sides of the drum body, making a "thump" sound, which can spread for miles. Sometimes the player holds the drum pestle in his right hand and the bamboo piece in his left hand, and both hands hit each other in the middle of the wooden drum, making a sound of "thumping" and "thumping", sometimes unified and sometimes staggered, with rich and colorful rhythm. Wooden drums can also be played by two or four people. The auditory and visual effects are more exciting.

"Taiping Drum", also known as "single drum", has existed in the Tang Dynasty and is called "hunting drum". Originally a percussion instrument of Manchu, it was used for song and dance performances of sacrifice and blessing. Later, it will be used for folk entertainment activities to celebrate the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve and Lantern Festival, people beat gongs and drums, sang songs and danced, which became a form of song and dance called "Taiping Drum" in order to symbolize "peace". Since the Qing Dynasty, the "Taiping Drum" has spread in the vast areas of Northeast China and North China. "Taiping Drum" is shaped like a round fan, made of donkey skin, horse skin or sheepskin, and forms a circular iron ring. The cross section is 30-40 cm in diameter, and the leather surface is plain or painted with patterns. There are several fluffy balls around the iron ring, and the lower end of the drum handle is decorated with several small iron rings or pairs of small copper cymbals. When playing, hold the drum handle with your left hand. Hold the cane drum whip in your right hand and hit the drum surface, drum center or drum edge, while shaking the iron ring or brass cymbal. Red tassels are tied at the ends of the drum handle and rattan. Taiping drum is often accompanied by dance movements, while knocking and jumping. There are many kinds of performances, such as single, double and group performances. Taiping drum is both a musical instrument and a prop. By the way, Mongolian people have a percussion instrument called "Xianggu", which is popular in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is very similar to the Taiping drum. It is also a circular drum frame with iron bars around the handle, with a diameter of about 35 cm. One side is sheepskin, and the lower end of the drum handle is hook-shaped and covered with many small iron rings. It used to be used by wizards to jump, but now it has been used in folk songs and dances.

Tambourine is a percussion instrument that we are familiar with and often use. It is a percussion instrument of Uygur, Korean, Uzbek, Tajik and other ethnic groups. Popular in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Yanbian area of Jilin Province. The drum frame is made of wood and covered on one side. Used for song and dance and instrumental ensemble. It is called "Nagmandab" in Uygur language (meaning "tambourine for singing") and "Gao Ping" in Korean. The tambourine has a flat round wooden drum stand, one side of which is wrapped with sheepskin, horse skin or donkey skin. The leather surface is fastened with nails, and there is a rectangular hole on the drum frame, inside which there is a small iron shaft with 5-7 pairs of copper or iron cymbals, and the other round hole without cymbals is used as the hand holding part. Tambourines come in three sizes: large, medium and small. The drum frame is 4-4.7 cm high, 1.2- 1.3 cm thick, and the drum surface is 20-25 cm in diameter. Tajik tambourines are unique in shape and are mostly made of old screen frames. Also covered with wolf skin or cowhide, the box is filled with small iron cymbals, and the pronunciation is deep and rich. When playing tambourine, you should hold the drum in one hand, strike it with your fingers and palm with the other hand, and shake the drum body at the same time, so that the cymbals make a metal collision sound. Now the tambourine used in our folk music ensemble has been reformed, replacing the single-sided animal skin with synthetic nylon skin membrane, or simply removing the drum skin, leaving only the drum ring. We also call it a bell.

Qiang tambourine. Qiang folk musical instruments. It is ancient, also known as "sheepskin drum" or "tambourine". Qiang language is called "Rimu". Now it is popular in Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous County, Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, and Qiang areas such as Heishui, Wenchuan, Lixian and Songpan. It's an art drum stand, one-sided sheepskin. The height of drum frame is about 1 1 cm, and the diameter of drum surface is 30-40 cm. The cross beam is built into the drum frame. The drum body is connected to an arched wooden handle. The upper end of the wooden handle is carved with a sheep's head, and the lower end is tied with a pair of colorful ears. The drum pestle is made of rattan or Chinese fir. Qiang language is called "Erwote", which is hook-shaped and about 58 cm long. The head of the pestle is wrapped in silk, and the handle of the pestle is decorated with colored spikes. After the reform, the tambourine of Qiang nationality is covered with double sheepskin on one side, and the outer surface of the drum frame is painted with stripe patterns, and the periphery of the drum frame is decorated with silk spikes. The tambourine of Qiang people was used for sacrificial activities in the old days, and Duansong (that is, the wizard) used it to dance with this drum, also known as "skin drum" or "dance sutra", which is called "Moldasha" in Qiang language. Now the Qiang drums, which have been transformed and beautified, have been used in song and dance performances. Such as "Tiaoguozhuang" and "Zhong Drum Dance". When playing, the left hand holds the bow-shaped wood to hold the drum, and the right hand holds the drum pestle to beat the drum heart, with a low pronunciation, and the pronunciation is crisp and bright when hitting the drum edge. There are three kinds of playing skills: drum surface, drum edge and mixed percussion. It is suitable for expressing the rough and unconstrained national style of Qiang people.

Finally, a distinctive percussion instrument is introduced, which is called "Drum Grabbing". It is a folk musical instrument of Hezhe nationality. It is an accompaniment instrument used by Hezhe people to dance religious sacrifices and dance shaman. It is popular in Hezhen inhabited areas such as Jiejinkou, Bacha and Sipai in Tongjiang County of Heilongjiang Province and Daur and Oroqen in Northeast China. The drum frame is 5 cm high and bent into duck egg shape with birch slats. One side is covered with animal skins, and the drum surface varies in size, generally about 60 cm in diameter. The drum frame is tightened with cross-shaped or rice-shaped thongs, and some drums also tie the thongs to a circular iron ring located in the center of the drum back, and one side of the drum frame is decorated with colored spikes. When playing, the left hand grasps the thong or hoop in the center of the drum, and the right hand taps it with a wooden pestle. The drum pestle can tap the center, edge or frame of the drum head respectively, or tap the back of the drum head by hand to obtain different sound effects.