Introduction to four skills and five methods?

The concept of "four techniques and five methods" is a term often used in the field of traditional Chinese opera. The four skills, namely singing, r

Introduction to four skills and five methods?

The concept of "four techniques and five methods" is a term often used in the field of traditional Chinese opera. The four skills, namely singing, reading, doing and playing, are indispensable means of performance on the stage of traditional Chinese opera. The five methods generally refer to hand, eye, body, method and step. The following is what I have arranged for you:

Four skills and five methods

1. Hand, eye, body, method and step.

Finger gestures, eye pointing, body pointing, foot pointing and methods refer to the specifications and methods of the above technologies. In this regard, Mr. Niu Yi, vice president of China Opera Academy, said:

Previous artists once said: "The hand is the potential, the eye is the god, the body is the mainstay, the law is the source, and the step is the root." Among them, "law" refers to the rules and decrees that cannot be deviated from in the performance of traditional Chinese opera, otherwise it is not a traditional Chinese opera. It is a skill for actors to express the artistic conception and charm of traditional Chinese opera performances on the stage.

2. Hands, eyes, body, hair and steps.

This theory holds that "law" is the myth of "law".

3. Mouth, hands, eyes, body and steps

"Mouth" refers to the oral method of vocalization. This theory originated from Cheng. Mr. Cheng summed it up as oral method, manipulation, eye method, body method and footwork-

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Singing art

Singing is the first important manifestation of China traditional opera performance. The basic requirements of singing are clear pronunciation, accurate rhythm, using words to create a cavity, and using emotion to create a cavity. The highest standard of singing is to achieve artistic conception, not to sing for the sake of singing, or even to give people the feeling of singing, but to strengthen the tone of lyrics and express the feelings of characters through singing. Rhythm, melody, emotion and timbre naturally blend to express the same situation in life, avoiding the effects of playing with cavity, finding taste and selling sound. ?

Reading advantages

As important as singing, there is even a saying that "the spoken part sings four or two songs". First, we should pay attention to the accuracy of pronunciation, such as sharp words, catchy words and flat tones in Beijing opera. Second, to master the correct pronunciation method of words, that is, to pronounce prefixes, bellies and suffixes with inverted pinyin, so that each word can be delivered to the audience's ears completely. * * * It should be noted that words with fancy words have no suffix, that is, they cannot be attributed to the sound * * *. Third, we must understand the cadence of the white mouth, have a sense of music and rhythm, and be like singing, with high and low levels and long and short. Fourth, we should read the characters' personalities and emotions.

Front desk business

That is, the performance of body movements, no matter every movement, opening and closing doors, going up and down stairs, should be standardized and disciplined, have the rhythm of dance, have profound basic skills, pay attention to the waist as the center, proceed from the law of movement, and achieve natural harmony. On this basis, we should also pay attention to the combination of skill movements with character identity, purpose and emotional artistic conception. Give people a real feeling. Of course, this truth is the truth of art, the truth of dance and the truth of implication, not the truth of life.

grand duke

That is, martial arts, including somersaults, swinging, various dances and difficult skills, such as starting the bully, walking sideways, aiming at the gun, and ending. Therefore, in order to be competent in martial arts performance, you must have considerable basic skills of waist, legs and handles. Wushu should not only standardize and freely master Wushu skills, but also use Wushu to express characters and plots, so that skills can not be separated from drama, that is, using guns to attack swords, but also exerting emotions and words, rather than simply showing off martial arts.

Five methods

Singing must use mouth, hands, eyes, body and steps at the same time. Because the singing in the play can't be stupid or dry, the eyes should be unified with the emotions expressed by the lyrics, and the body, hands and steps should also be organically coordinated with the emotions expressed by the lyrics. In other words, singing is an expression of emotion, so there must be action, and there must be discipline if there is action. For example, the mouth should speak four tones and five tones, the eyes should practice, joy, anger, sadness, sorrow, fear and surprise should be spoken out, and the eyes should move freely when moving, so that the body and mind can be harmonious. In short, the eyes should be the windows to the soul. Don't move your limbs from left to right; They should go in first and go back first; They should not be high first and then low; They should not be fast first and then slow down; They want to "start from the tip, continue from the middle, and pursue the roots"; They should also achieve the "six in one", that is, the combination of eyes and heart, heart and qi, qi and body, body and hand, hand and foot, foot and hip, and the combination of mouth, hand, eyes and hip. It can be seen how important it is for opera actors to practice the four skills and five methods. When it comes to traditional Chinese opera performance, there are always four skills and five methods, namely, singing, reading, doing, playing, hand, eye, body, method and step. Singing, reading, doing and playing are the "four skills", and hand, eye, body, method and step are the "five skills". This theory has a long history, but after careful scrutiny, it is found that there are many shortcomings. As the name implies, "Four Great Kung Fu" refers to the four great Kung Fu of Peking Opera performing arts. But are there only four basic kungfu skills in Beijing Opera: singing, reading, doing and playing? Take Vu Thang Opera as an example, such plays as Picking the Han Car, Exploring the Village in Shi Xiu, Lin Chong Running at Night, centipede Ridge, Elegant Pavilion, Shang Xiao He, etc., walk off the court, take the lead, sing and dance, and throw, roll, sleeve and silk, which have great achievements. I'm afraid it's not appropriate to classify it into any kind, and it will inevitably be cut to fit shoes. "Five methods", as the name implies, refer to five techniques of Peking Opera performance. But what does the "Dharma" of "hands, eyes, body and steps" mean? Generation gap theory. If we think that "law" is the general law of performing arts, then it logically coincides with the upper concept of "five laws". Some people think that "Fa" is Mao's fault, so Mao threw it away. Shaking hair should belong to basic kung fu, and it is not on a logical level with the concepts of hand, eye, body and step, so this statement is too far-fetched. Mr. Cheng revised the "Five Laws" and considered them as: mouth, hands, eyes and body steps. Mouth-finger vocalization, finger gestures, eye pointing, body pointing, foot pointing and catwalk. Through this change, Mr. Cheng solved the logical relationship between the lower concepts of the "Five Laws". But as far as vocalization is concerned, the oral method is of course important, and the use of sound, breath and * * * is equally indispensable. It is hard to say which one is more important and can replace other aspects, so Mr. Cheng's formulation is always regrettable. Mr. Zhang Yunxi once put forward his original opinion that the "five methods" should be: hand, eye, body and waist. As a famous martial artist, Mr. Zhang naturally has a deep understanding of the important role of "waist" in the performing arts of Beijing Opera. However, if "waist" is used instead of "law", there is still some ambiguity: "waist" should be included in "body", is it necessary to emphasize it separately? The importance of the waist is self-evident, and the key of the leg seems to be indispensable, so Mr. Zhang's formulation is also debatable.

Master revised the four skills and five methods.

The traditional theory of "Four Merits and Five Methods" is not perfect, but there are still some defects, and there is still room for further improvement. On the other hand, it also inspired me to think about this problem. After more than 50 years of artistic practice, I think that the "four skills and five methods" should be supplemented by the "five pillars and five methods of Islam", that is, singing, reading, doing, playing, dancing, hands, eyes, body, heart and steps. Compared with the old theory, I enriched the "four skills" of singing, chanting and playing into "five pillars of Islam" and added "dance"; Remove the incomprehensible "law" in the old "five laws" theory and replace it with "heart" The following explains the reasons and basis of my claim.

As mentioned above, physical movements such as walking, beating, singing and jumping, as well as routine movements such as tossing hair, rolling sleeves, silk, wearing a big belt, sword dancing and riding horses, can neither be classified as "doing" nor "beating", and should be listed separately. Although these programs are ever-changing, they all have one thing in common, that is, strong dancing. Accordingly, we might as well call it "dance". There are many "dances" in Beijing Opera, except the well-known sword dance in Mei Lanfang's Farewell My Concubine, the silk dance in My Daughter Scattered Flowers, and the sword dance in Cheng's The Legend of the Hong Fu Girl. Mu Guiying was written and directed by Mei Lanfang in his later years, and it was adapted from Yang Xiaolou's Iron Dragon. My father, Mr. Li Hongchun, arranged two unique "dances" in the macro drama Walking in john young: First, after Magu Temple closed Sang Yu [Erhuangyuan Class], there was a "Tai Chi Sword" different from martial arts, which was extraordinary and shocking; First, the white ape taught Guan Yu to use a knife, and they confronted each other. Guan Yu has a "knife dance" of "closing the king with thirteen knives" * * * one stroke and three styles * * *. These two "dances" can't be found in other masters' plays, so they have become an outstanding part of walking in john young. My father also cited an example of master Wang Hongshou's exquisite "dancing skills": Li Bai rode a dragon to heaven in "Drunk Xuan Fishing for the Moon". "The performance of the three bosses is: Li Bai holds the cup in his left hand, the sleeve of his right hand is stretched straight to the right, his mouth is thrown to the right, and he floats up. The left hat wings can't shake, and the audience can see that it is flying against the wind. The wind blows from left to right. On the other hand, the right hand holds the cup, the left hand sleeve is stretched straight to the left, the mouth is thrown and fluttered to the left, and the right hat wing can't stop shaking. The audience can see that this is the right wind blowing to the left. When he straightened his sleeves forward, his mouth floated forward and his hat wings fluttered back and forth, the audience saw it sailing with the wind! " * * * The third chapter of A Long Talk about Peking Opera, edited by Liu, was written by teacher Wang Hongshou, China Drama Publishing House, 1982, page 58 * * * Wang Hongshou's "dance" combined with hat wings, sleeves and mouth, which has never been done before and will never be done again-for various reasons, The idea of singing and dancing has recently been accepted by many actors and scholars, and it has also been quoted from time to time in his * * * her * * talks or works, so there are not many examples here.