Shandong canal culture you do not know the story

China is a nation with a long history, there are many celebrities in China's history, they create a lot of traditional culture through their own wisdom, these traditional culture after many years of inheritance and improvement to become more solid, Shandong is China's ancient culture and education is the most developed region, and culture and education is closely related to the canal culture in Shandong, do you know why this is? The following Shandong culture tell you the answer, take a look.

Canal through, the rise of the academy

Shandong is the origin of Confucian culture, but also the most developed region of the ancient cultural and educational undertakings, the prosperity of the academy is one of the evidence. After the Yuan Dynasty, there was a significant increase in the number of academies in Shandong, and many famous academies, such as Su Si Academy, Taishan Academy, Nishan Academy, etc., were mostly located in the Canal Valley. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the development of the academies in Shandong was even more rapid, with eighty-seven newly built academies and nine restored ones, forty-two of which were located in the area through which the canal flowed. In the late Ming Dynasty, the western part of the Lushan region have been established, it is the canal transportation led to cultural exchanges and social progress of the outstanding performance. According to statistics, the Qing dynasty shandong academy of 213, 86 distributed along the canal area. The number of academies is the result of the economic and cultural development of the canal region, but also the performance of cultural prosperity.

Talking about literature produced in the canal region, especially novels, people will first think of the "Golden Lotus". Its author, "Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng" in the end who, the academic community has been certified out of more than a hundred people, but exactly who, still no consensus. However, it is certain that most of the authors discussed were born or lived in the canal area. The content of "Plum in a Golden Vase" is closely related to the canal: the book shows the prosperity of the city of Linqing can be confirmed with other books at the time; seventy or eighty descriptions of the scenery of Linqing, most of the local records in Linqing can be found in the real account; especially on the Linqing banknotes, entertainment, service industry, transportation industry depicted that the author of the Linqing have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the. Popular fiction is an important part of civic literature, and the prerequisite for the rise of civic literature is the prosperity of urban industry and commerce, the strength of the civic class. The Ming and Qing canals opened up, promoting the economic development of the city, the emergence of popular fiction adapted to such a demand, and the "Golden Lotus" is obviously a representative of it.

The Canal brought about the diversification of folk beliefs

Since the Ming Dynasty, Buddhism and Taoism have shown a trend of decline in Shandong, and gradually shifted towards secularization, while the folk religion, which is a mixture of the teachings of the three religions, flourished. As the cultural exchanges between the north and the south of the Grand Canal region increased day by day, many foreign gods and goddesses began to spread in the Shandong Canal region, integrated into the local social life, so that the folk religion and folk beliefs in this region appeared to be diversified.

Before the Ming Dynasty, the folk religion in Shandong was dominated by White Lotus, Maitreya and Manichaeism. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, new sects began to appear, which were significantly different from the previous sects in terms of doctrine, organization and rituals. During the Chenghua period, the "Wuwei Sect" was widely spread in the Shandong Canal region, and in the Qing Dynasty, various sects emerged, such as Bagua Sect, Qingshui Sect, Tianli Sect, Li Gua Sect, Yuandeng Sect, Jili Sect, Luo Sect, Hongyang Sect, Wenxiang Sect and so on, which all appeared in the region. Before the Ming Dynasty, the folk beliefs in Shandong canal area, in addition to the official promotion of the city god, land gods, there are Dongyue Da Di and Bixia Yuanjun faith. After the passage of the Grand Canal in the Ming Dynasty, the number of folk beliefs, including water gods, industry gods, nature gods, and sage gods, increased with each passing day. Among them, the worship of the water god represented by the four kings of the Golden Dragon and the belief in Guan Gong are the most prevalent, becoming a very prominent social and cultural phenomenon in the canal area of Shandong during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

King Sulu's Tomb Witnesses Sino-foreign Exchanges

After the Ming Emperor Chengzu established his capital in Beijing, he encouraged overseas countries to pay tribute to the capital. At this time, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is fully open, the envoys of the countries that came to pay tribute, most of them landed from the southeastern coast, and traveled north by boat along the canal to reach Beijing. Along the Shandong Canal, the Southeast Asian countries can be seen year-round tribute to the ship docking sales shopping, the canal city also have Southeast Asian countries spice specialties for sale.

On the outskirts of Dezhou on the banks of the Grand Canal, there is a mausoleum of a foreign king in the Ming Dynasty - the tomb of the King of Sulu, which is a witness of the Southeast Asian missions along the Grand Canal in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Located in the Sulu Archipelago in the southern part of the Philippines, in August of the 15th year of Yongle (1417), the three kings of the Sulu Kingdom led their families and attendants to pay tribute to Beijing with more than three hundred and forty people. In September, the delegation went south along the canal to return home. In September, the delegation traveled south along the canal to return home. When they reached Dezhou, the eastern king died of illness. Upon hearing of his death, Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty granted him a posthumous title of "Gongding" and built a tomb for him according to the burial system for vassal kings. According to the Chinese custom, Ming Chengzu let the eldest son of the king of Sulu to return to his country to inherit the throne, the second son of Andulu, the third son of Wen Hazhaji and the consort, his entourage and other more than ten people stay in Dezhou, guarding the tomb for three years.

After three years, the two sons of King Sulu and his consort were reluctant to leave, and were later allowed to settle in Dezhou to guard the tomb of King Sulu for a long time. After their death, they were all buried next to King Sulu's tomb. According to the custom of Chinese family name, the descendants of Andulu changed their family name to An, and the descendants of Wen Hazen changed their family name to Wen, and villages inhabited by the family names of An and Wen gradually formed near the tomb of King Sulu.

The tribute trade between Japan and China in the Ming Dynasty was very developed, and this trade should be approved by the court, issued a license Ming "Kanhe Gold Medal", so it is also known as Kanhe trade. According to "sea record" records, Hongzhi years, Cui Pu and others from Ningbo along the canal boat north, passing through the town of jining south of the luqiao, the people on the shore mistook them for Japanese, so greeted them in Japanese. It can be seen that there were many Japanese traveling along the canals in Shandong at that time. Marco Polo, the famous Italian traveler in the Yuan Dynasty, once set off from Beijing along the Grand Canal to the south, in his "Travels", recorded a lot of cities along the Shandong Canal and the customs of the canal area.

Italian missionary Matteo Ricci, who traveled by boat from Nanjing to Beijing, stayed in Linqing and Jining in the canal region of Shandong, and there are many records of Shandong canal cities in Matteo Ricci's Notes on China. The activities of Westerners in the canal region, the spread of Western religion and values, but at the same time they also brought the advanced science and technology of the West, objectively to the canal region and the West's economic and cultural exchanges have played a role in promoting.