The difference between criminology and investigation

Criminology is a subject that studies criminal phenomena. Broadly speaking, it also includes looking for the actual causes of criminal acts to provide ways to reduce the social impact of criminal acts. Related crime research will also publish the standards and responses of society and government to crime. Criminology belongs to behavioral science, and like law and jurisprudence, it pays special attention to sociology and psychology. 1885, Italian law professor Garofalo created the proper term "criminologia" (that is, "criminologia" in Italian). Almost at the same time, pienaar, a French anthropologist, applied criminology to France for the first time (that is, "criminologie" in French).

It is the so-called criminal etiology, that is, criminology in a narrow sense to analyze and comprehensively study the crime and the offender as a whole and explore the causes and laws of crime. The purpose of studying the causes and laws of crime is to effectively deal with and prevent crime, so as to seek corresponding effective criminal countermeasures. The research for this purpose is called criminal policy science. Criminology in a broad sense includes the theory of criminal causes and the theory of criminal countermeasures. Criminology in Britain and America is mainly generalized, while scholars in Europe are mostly narrow. Japanese scholars do not often use criminology, but use the word criminology, which tends to be broad. Investigation, criminal law and criminal procedure constitute the three pillars of China's criminal law. Modern surveys originated in Europe at the end of19th century and 1893. The earliest introduction and establishment of investigative science in China was in the 1930s. Generally speaking, investigation is a scientific investigation that studies the criminal judicial activities and their laws carried out by the subject of investigation, with the purpose of finding out the truth of the case, collecting evidence and arresting criminal suspects. Studying, revealing, mastering and applying "investigation activities and their laws" embodies the particularity of the research object of investigation, which includes: first, the general principle of investigation activities; That is, the general principle of investigation activities is to study the general law of investigation activities theoretically or macroscopically, which belongs to the category of theoretical research of investigation activities and has guiding significance for practical research or applied research of investigation activities. The second is the procedure and method of case investigation; That is, the object of investigation studies the investigation of criminal cases as a whole, including the general laws of criminal case investigation and the laws of various criminal cases investigation. Third, the implementation strategies and methods of specific investigation behavior; In other words, the law of specific investigation behavior is the basis of studying the law of the whole investigation activity, and the study of the law of specific investigation behavior is also the basis of the whole investigation research. In a word, the general principles of investigation activities, the procedures and methods of criminal case investigation, and the strategies and methods of specific investigation activities constitute the main content of the law of investigation activities, which is a hierarchical joint whole and constitutes the main content of investigation research. It can be seen that the murder case is mainly the work of investigators.