The clip of the traditional Qiong opera, Jin Chai Dog, and his wife leave.

Haikou people are patriotic and love Qiong, hardworking and simple, simple and kind, hospitable and humble, and all rivers run into the sea. The language belongs to the Minnan language family, and there are many local dialects. Mandarin is often used in public communication. I like to eat seafood and rice, and I am good at shipping trade rather than warehousing. I have a strong sense of openness and many traditional beliefs. I like listening to Qiong Opera, which is widely publicized along the coast of Southeast Asia. Most houses are built by mountains and rivers, and the village is surrounded by green trees. Dressed neatly and with soft colors, migrant workers wear straw hats and bamboo hats, and there are many traditional residents.

Build a countertop in the middle of the sunny slope of the house roof, put a pot and jar on it, saying it can ward off evil spirits, and put a sacred incense on a wall outside the door to worship the gods.

In addition to the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Mid-Autumn Festival and other holiday activities, Haikou has other unique holiday cultural customs, mainly including:

(1) Junpo Festival

Junpo Festival is a festival for Qiongzhou officials and people to commemorate idols. It was originally to commemorate Lu Bode, general of Fu Bo in the Western Han Dynasty, who settled in South Vietnam and established his first county in Hainan Island. It was formed in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Later, there was an activity to commemorate Guan Yu, the military commander of the Three Kingdoms, and Mrs. Xian, the wife of the satrap, and then developed into a god who sacrificed ancestors, which can be called "Junpo Festival". "Jun" and "Jun" are homophonic, and "Po" is also called "Junpo" because it means "the place where the monarch lives" in Hainan dialect.

Festival ",that is, to commemorate the place where the gentleman lives. In festival activities, the ceremony of imitating the departure of the army is called "arming the army", and the whole activity period is called "Junpo Festival". Among them, the origin of Junpo Festival in Zuntan Town, qiongshan district was the earliest, about the Eastern Han Dynasty; In memory of Mrs. Xian, Junpo Festival is the largest, located in Xinpo Town, with great influence, covering both urban and rural areas of Haikou. The content of "Junpo Festival" is divided into Junpo Festival on the 16th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, which is called Jiangjie (mainly to persuade people to accumulate virtue and do good, be modest and kind, so it is called Jiangjie). The Junpo Festival on July 15 of the lunar calendar is called Zhongyuan Festival (a program that provides free services for the disabled, such as delivering meals, providing accommodation, giving money and giving things, etc.). At the beginning of the performance, with the command of the conductor, the martial arts teams quickly separated, opened their postures and killed each other. The band played in unison, the lanterns rang, the colorful flags fluttered, and it was lively and spectacular. The number of witnesses exceeded 6.5438+0 million, which enriched and enlivened the mass cultural life in Haikou.

(2) Lantern Festival (Flower Festival)

In Haikou, changing incense is popular in Fucheng every year on the fifteenth night of the first lunar month. At that time, urban and suburban residents, both men and women, will hold a burning incense in their hands, communicate with pedestrians and wish each other a healthy and happy New Year. Some people also exchange the branches of figs along the street, which is called "picking green", which means that people are expected to be as young as trees forever.

During the reign of Xuan Tong in the Qing Dynasty, it was recorded in Qiongshan County Records: "The women in Yuanxiao Fucheng stole the green leaves of banyan trees, or burned incense at the gate to pray for a baby, while the children touched the stone lions on both sides of Jiangjun Town to pray for peace." It shows that Haikou has a long history and will continue every year. Every holiday, everyone gathers in the street. Whether they know each other or not, they can exchange incense and say a few words of blessing. From this, it also left a beautiful legend with twists and turns. It has become a festival for men and women to change their fragrance.

Hainan drama

Qiongzhou Opera, also known as Qiongzhou Opera and Hainan Opera, is a kind of opera with local characteristics that is deeply loved by people in Hainan Island and overseas Chinese.

Qiongju Opera has a long history, and it is also called the four major operas in Lingnan with Cantonese Opera, Chaozhou Opera and Han Opera, belonging to Southern Opera.

In the Ming Dynasty, "Zheng Deqiong's Taiwan Record": "Every Spring Festival, Weiso disguised himself as a tourist street until the 13th." This temple is full of opportunities for entertainment. "Records of Qiongzhou also recorded that before Zheng De, there was a drama to admire the gods.

"Wretched Talk" said: "After the declaration of peace, the Southern Opera was called Wenzhou Zaju when it crossed the South." 1755 revised "Qiongshan County Records" said: "The first month is celebrated, and the villagers hold the land gods, get together to drink and sing local operas."

It can be seen that acting in local languages is popular in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, which is the predecessor of Qiong Opera. Later, it absorbed Minnan opera, Guangdong Chaozhou opera Andrew, Hainan folk songs and Taoist music, and gradually formed Qiongju. After the birth of Qiong Opera, it was mainly popular in counties of Hainan Island. During the period from Xianfeng to Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (185 1- 1908), it began to spread overseas and some parts of China, and Leizhou Peninsula was also very popular, followed by overseas Chinese. Now there are some classes and troupes in Nanyang Islands performing Qiongju.

The artistic heritage of Qiong Opera is rich. Its traditional repertoire is divided into three parts: first, there are more than 800 literary repertoires (mainly singing) such as Huaiyin Ji and Pipa Ji; Second, there are more than 400 martial arts dramas (mainly about work and fighting) in historical and mythical novels such as Yang Jiajiang and Romance of the Gods. Third, there are more than 30 civilized dramas/kloc-0, also known as fashion cheongsam dramas, such as "The Lonely Valley" and "Broken Hearts". After liberation, there are always more than 1500 ancient costumes and modern dramas that have been arranged, adapted, created and transplanted from other operas. There have also been a number of outstanding plays that have been staged for a long time, such as Poems on Red Leaves, Zhang Wenxiu, Searching for the Academy, Golden Hairpin Dog and so on. These plays have touching stories, easy-to-understand lyrics and rich philosophies.

At first, there were only four roles in Qiong Opera, namely, life, Dan, purity and ugliness. It was only during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty that it developed into six roles: life, Dan, purity, ignorance, ugliness and miscellaneous. Most students in literary dramas hold small white fans to show elegance and chic. Only a small piece of white powder is coated on the nose of peanut, and a fan is often inserted between the necks, and the feet are stretched back and forth, left and right to show frivolity and debauchery. Born, unregistered, or promoted to the church, they often kick off their robes and fold the broken steps. Martial arts drama belongs to the southern school, which uses metal gray bronze weapons and also permeates acrobatics and magic performances.

The banqiang of Qiong Opera can be divided into five categories: Cheng Tu, Zhong Ban, Ku Tan Ban, Qiang and Te Qiang. After liberation, some plate cavities were produced.

kodomo no omocha

Hainan puppet show, also known as puppet show, puppet show or hand-held puppet show, is one of the performing arts with local characteristics and is deeply loved by the masses. Because it came into being earlier than Hainan's major drama-Qiongju, Qiongju artists called puppet performers "senior brothers".

In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a wooden opera in Hainan. A doll (puppet) in a doll play has its head carved from wood. At first, the head was very small, about 30 cm. The upper body is woven with rattan and bamboo epaulettes, and the lower body is covered with robes and skirts. Boots and shoes are used instead of feet. Both hands are carved with wood, and even sticks or vines are inserted into the body for manipulation. The Chinese body is held in the head and hidden in the body. The overall width is about eight inches and the height is about one and a half feet. Later, my head was enlarged, about 40 cm, and my eyes were improved to be able to rotate and my tongue could stretch.

In the early days, puppet shows only performed martial arts and "Bai Ke Opera", only chanting, no singing, accompanied by gongs and drums. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, a singing system of "mainly banqiang with a few qupai" was formed. They are all sung in Hainan dialect, and the main melody is alto. In addition to the imported zaju and legendary plays, there are also plays adapted by local artists according to legends and local stories, which indicates that the doll play in Hainan is fully mature. It has its own unique singing style, singing in dialects, lyrics and performances by local artists, and all the accompaniment music uses local eight-tone instruments.

After liberation, under the guidance of the party's literary policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and bringing forth the new", puppet show has been continuously enriched, developed and improved, becoming a comprehensive art with rich contents. Mainly includes:

Idol production technology of idol drama and idol drama are masterpieces of wood carving technology. Now there are generally more than 20 kinds of idols in doll play, and their roles are relatively complete.

The performance of the idol is manipulated by the director behind the scenes. The director holds the main stick in the idol with one hand and the double stick with the other. When the director manipulates idols, his hands and elbows are used together. The performances of manipulating puppets include swinging gestures, bowing, stamping, kiss xiu, horse racing, archery, stepping up and down, fanning flowers, shaking ears, fighting tigers, tumbling, jumping, dancing, rolling their eyes, brushing their beards, opening their mouths, sticking out their tongues, holding hands, etc., which can be used flexibly according to the needs of the plot.