What is the essence of China's traditional aesthetics?

The essence of China's traditional aesthetics lies in the experience of artistic conception.

For the cognition of beauty, the first thing that comes to mind is sensory cognition, intuitive cognition such as eyes, nose and throat. China's aesthetics transcends things themselves, and "artistic conception" is the core of China's aesthetics. Out of respect for Tao, China people attribute beauty to Tao, and based on the artistic interpretation of Tao, they attribute beauty to the form of Tao-"image" and its advanced form "realm". Beauty lies in Tao, that is, beauty lies in artistic conception.

A series of related China aesthetic words, such as elegance, ease, strangeness and emptiness, are all artistic conception. China people's aesthetics are ethereal. For example, a Chinese painting and a western painting are exhibited together, which is straightforward, realistic and colorful. Chinese style attracts people to stop and look closely, to do as the Romans do, and to appreciate paintings and realize the Tao. Start from scratch, start from scratch.

The ancients in China always had the saying of "nine elegance": seclusion, proper drinking, playing the piano, soaking flowers, burning incense, enjoying tea, listening to the rain, enjoying the snow and waiting for the moon. They are extremely simple and ordinary things, but they all cover the wisdom of life, the pursuit of beauty and feelings of China people.

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The development of China's traditional aesthetics;

1, ancient

In ancient times, people tended to worship nature. There are many animal shapes in pottery and pottery, and artistic shapes conform to the laws of formal beauty such as symmetry and balance, and begin to have the rhythmic beauty of rhythm and lines. Jade art is one of the characteristics that distinguish it from other civilizations.

2. Shang and Zhou Dynasties

Shang and Zhou Dynasties are the Bronze Age in the history of China. Bronzes have the characteristics of rich types, beautiful shapes, gorgeous patterns, exquisite production and unique style. In addition, in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the earliest paintings appeared in China, such as the silk painting "Dragon and Phoenix Girl" unearthed from the Chu Tomb in Changsha, and "Imperial Dragon Map" in the Warring States Period.

3. Qin and Han Dynasties

The works of art in Qin and Han dynasties were mostly used in tombs, represented by the terracotta warriors and horses in Qin Shihuang's mausoleum and the stone carvings in Huo Qubing's tomb. The artistic style of non-tomb objects is gradually influenced by Buddhism, Taoism and other religions and hundreds of philosophies.

4. Gold and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

The Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were important periods for the development of ancient art. In this era, the Central Plains was occupied by nomadic people in the north for the first time. The split and turbulent situation stimulated the development of ancient art and aesthetic standards gradually formed. In terms of literary evaluation, Selected Works of ming prince and Xiao Tong written by Liang Daizhao is well-known. In the Selected Works, the criteria for judging poetry and prose are mentioned for the first time, which should not be limited by moral concepts, but should follow the aesthetic value itself. As the saying goes, "things are meditation, meaning is profound."

5. Sui and Tang Dynasties

The opening up in the Sui and Tang Dynasties is obvious to all. Especially in the Tang Dynasty, businessmen and tourists from all over the world appeared on the streets of Chang 'an. Probably influenced by this internationalization, the aesthetics of the Tang Dynasty tended to be full and the clothes were much more open than before.

In painting, apart from the religious paintings that have always existed, there has always been a division between palace paintings and literati paintings. This division has also profoundly affected later generations, and the two factions have been arguing about which is higher or lower.

Palace painting, also known as courtyard painting, refers to the paintings of ancient royal court painters in China. These painters specialize in painting for the imperial court and are generally called "to be summoned". They are professional painters, and their painting styles are mostly neat, delicate, complicated and realistic. Representative figures are: Yan, Natalie and (the latter two are better at drawing beautiful women).

6. Song Dynasty

The emergence of literati's political and rational thinking in Song Dynasty made China's ancient art reach its peak again. Under the leadership of the famous emperor and painter Song Huizong, the court painting in Song Dynasty reached its peak.

In the Song Dynasty, the Hanlin Painting Academy was established at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and then famous painters from western Sichuan and southern Tang Dynasty were concentrated. Hanlin Painting Academy is under the management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, serving the imperial court and the royal family. The Academy of Painting recruits or promotes talents through examinations. The examination standard is: "Do not imitate the predecessors, but the modality of things is natural and the brushwork is simple", which requires both rigorous and realistic painting techniques, emphasis on conception and more poetry. Song Huizong and Evonne supported the royal specialized painting academy, namely Xuanhe Painting Academy, which made the courtyard painting reach an unprecedented peak in the late Northern Song Dynasty.

7. Yuan Dynasty

Although it was non-Han Dynasty, China art did not die out as expected. Although the palace painting fell to a historical low compared with the Song Dynasty, the literati painting rarely developed. The most famous in Yuan Dynasty were Zhao Mengfu and Yuan Sijia. Zhao Mengfu is a connecting figure in the history of China landscape painting. Although he became an official in the Yuan Dynasty as a real "Zhao", his paintings are the beginning of a brand-new style.

8. Ming dynasty

Under the influence of Dong Qichang, a famous painter and critic, the painting art has been divided between north and south. He listed all the literati paintings of Nanzong and paid attention to epiphany. At the same time, he believes that only literati and literati can combine the painter's own moral concept with the moral norms of the painting object and reflect it.

9. Qing dynasty

It is self-evident that China art in Qing Dynasty was influenced by the West. This is mainly manifested in the court painters' pursuit of western shadow techniques and perspective techniques, and their attempts to combine the style of western painting with traditional painting. Jiao Bingzhen, a court painter, studied perspective, depth of field and other techniques under the guidance of western churches, which opened up a brand-new painting style.