An Analysis of the Imperfect Emergency Mechanism of China Government

At present, China is in an "economic transition period"? A critical period of social transformation? Due to the interweaving of the old and new systems, the interest differentiation is exposed, the value orientation is increasingly diversified, and the cultural collision is intensified. The frequency of public emergencies induced by various contradictions and problems becomes faster, and the probability of crisis increases? Improve the government's ability to deal with emergencies and the actual effect of solving public emergencies, thus promoting China's economy? The steady development of political culture is particularly necessary? The 11th Five-Year Plan points out that it is necessary to strengthen the construction of emergency system, establish and improve emergency management system, and improve the ability to deal with public emergencies? Sudden public events, government, countermeasures-[Feinuo. com FENO.CN]

One? Problems in the Management of China Municipal Government's Response to Emergencies

In the long-term practice of construction and reform, the Chinese government has withstood the test of various public emergencies, accumulated rich experience in managing and responding to public emergencies, initially established an emergency management mechanism, formulated a series of laws and regulations related to dealing with emergencies, and made great progress in the legal construction of responding to emergencies? However, there are still many shortcomings in reality:

1. Backward concept, insufficient ideological understanding and lack of crisis awareness? The concept of government management and response to public emergencies has not really changed from governance to prevention, and there is no awareness of nip in the bud. Lack of sufficient attention to the prevention of public emergencies, there is carelessness and luck. It often tries to remedy the disastrous consequences of public emergencies? At the same time, the government has not put the management and response to public emergencies into the important agenda of national development, and its ability to deal with public emergencies is insufficient, so it is often passive when public emergencies occur? Does the government lack crisis management awareness and public emergency education? There is insufficient training and publicity, and there is little or no crisis education and training for the public. Publicity is also a mere formality, which makes the public panic and irrational in the face of public emergencies and unable to take measures or actively cooperate with the government to deal with public emergencies?

2. The relevant laws and regulations are not sound enough? On the one hand, although China has enacted martial law and other specific laws to deal with public emergencies, these laws are only applicable to the management and response of a certain type of public emergencies and do not have the legal effect of regulating all public emergencies? At the same time, these laws have not yet formed a unified legal system, lack a unified communication and coordination mechanism, and are not clear enough about the rights and obligations of the government and citizens in emergencies, resulting in unclear responsibilities and obligations when public emergencies occur, leading to mutual shirking? Perfunctory phenomenon? On the other hand, existing laws and regulations can't really play an effective role? When local governments implement national laws and regulations, they cannot formulate laws and regulations that suit local conditions, and the phenomenon of "one size fits all" is widespread; And some laws and regulations are in conflict with the laws and regulations of the country?

3. The management mechanism is not perfect? First of all, the management and coping mechanisms are not perfect? Lack of human and material resources guarantee mechanism and integrated communication and coordination mechanism related to the management and response of public emergencies; Emergency management mechanism, including early warning mechanism, is not specific enough; The cooperation mechanism with international and regional organizations also needs to be improved? Secondly, the accountability system is not perfect? In 2005, due to a series of public emergencies such as safety in production, the State Council attached great importance to public emergencies, thus forming a new accountability system-the "accountability storm" for officials? Although it plays the role of accountability for leaders in managing public emergencies, the main body of accountability for officials is the higher-level government departments. This will inevitably lead to the gradual weakening of accountability from the central government to the local government, and it is impossible to better let local dereliction of duty officials bear moral responsibility? Politics? Legal responsibility? At the same time, the current official accountability is mainly limited to major safety accidents and major public emergencies, and the accountability for smaller public emergencies is not enough. In addition, whether official accountability can become a long-term system in China remains to be tested by practice. Finally, the supervision mechanism has not been really implemented? Supervision mechanism is generally divided into internal supervision? Two kinds of external supervision? The internal supervision of government management and response to public emergencies lacks legal support and equal protection, which is serious in formalization; And external supervision is affected by interests? Interpersonal relationships and government control can hardly achieve the expected results?

4. The information management system is backward, and the transparency of information disclosure needs to be improved? Information is the object of public emergencies, and media is the medium of public emergencies? In the process of managing and responding to public emergencies, the authenticity of some information is not accurate. Due to the control of government departments, individual media reports on public emergencies are not accurate enough, which is easy to mislead people and cause public psychological and behavioral panic? At the beginning of the SARS epidemic, information was closed, rumors? The spread of rumors is the best example? And because of the long-term influence of the traditional system, the openness of information? Transparency is not high enough? When public emergencies occur, they should be reported step by step by department. What is the lack of speed? Effective communication channels? The amount of information is not large enough, and it is not necessarily untimely. The biggest problem is that information is scattered, departments monopolize, and it is impossible to uniformly mobilize and quickly summarize in an emergency?

Two? Countermeasures and suggestions to improve the government's ability to deal with public emergencies

The experience accumulated by our government in dealing with emergencies has laid a foundation for improving the ability to deal with public emergencies, and the problems existing in dealing with emergencies have pointed out the direction for strengthening the management of public emergencies? According to the experience of our government in dealing with emergencies, aiming at the problems existing in the government's response to emergencies and combining the views of domestic experts and scholars, we put forward the following countermeasures and suggestions:

1. Change the concept, attach great importance to it, and improve the awareness of dealing with public emergencies? Practice has proved that many public emergencies are caused by the backward concept of the government? Weak sense of crisis management and other reasons? Therefore, it needs to be improved from the following two aspects: first, change the concept of "focusing on governance" and establish the idea of "focusing on prevention and combining prevention with control"? Second, strengthen the government's awareness of public emergencies and crisis management? Make the * * * emergency prevention and control policy public? Laws and regulations, as the content of civil servant education and training, improve managers' awareness of prevention and crisis management? At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the publicity of public emergencies and the government's supervision, so that the government can always keep a sense of crisis management and calmly guard against and respond to public emergencies?

2. Establish and improve the government's laws and regulations to deal with public emergencies? We should formulate an emergency and emergency handling law as soon as possible, and make clear the responsibility and power of the government in emergencies and its special power in emergencies. Responsibility for emergencies? Organizational management system? Safeguard mechanism, etc. Guide our government to manage and deal with emergencies from a macro perspective? At the same time, further revise and supplement the existing laws and regulations, improve the supporting system for the implementation of laws and regulations, and form a sound legal system for the state to manage and respond to emergencies?

3. Set permanent? Special emergency management committee to establish and improve the emergency management system? The management and response to emergencies need unified leadership and command, and emergency management organizations must be established and improved? Our government should learn from the experience of the Federal Crisis Management Agency (FEMA) established in the United States 1979 and set up a permanent? The special emergency management committee is subordinate to the State Council and directly responsible to the State Council? The emergency management Committee should adhere to the principle of the rule of law and the principle of being accountable to the people, and thoroughly study the new characteristics of emergencies under the new situation? New law, formulate policy plans and emergency plans for emergency management and response? Non-emergency period, analyze and predict emergencies? Risk assessment, do a good job in prevention and early warning, strengthen education and training in managing and responding to emergencies, and raise the awareness of the whole society in preventing and responding to emergencies; In the emergency stage, lead and direct the national emergency work, quickly start relevant emergency plans, organize relevant departments to deal with them in a timely manner, and supervise the local situation? Track and coordinate the interests of local departments and do a good job in dealing with emergencies? Summarize the work? All localities should establish and improve emergency management departments under the unified leadership of emergency management committees, and clarify the responsibilities of governments at all levels in emergencies? Authority and the corresponding supporting system guarantee, thus forming a unified? Efficient? Authoritative emergency organization and management system? Sudden public events, government, countermeasures-[Feinuo. com FENO.CN]

4. Establish and improve the social early warning system and form a unified command? Fully functional? Sensitive? Efficient emergency mechanism? (1) Establish and improve the early warning system and emergency management mechanism for public emergencies, and strive to minimize the losses of public emergencies? On the one hand, establish and improve the early warning mechanism of public emergencies, including monitoring and forecasting mechanism? Information mechanism? Cooperation mechanism? Practical mechanism, etc. , formulate feasible contingency plans for * * * public emergencies, and grade * * * public emergencies? Possible omen range? Target task? Specific treatment plans and emergency budgets should be clearly defined? On the other hand, establish and improve the emergency management mechanism for public emergencies? When public emergencies occur, it is necessary to quickly start the early warning system of public emergencies, quickly select emergency plans suitable for specific situations, set up corresponding emergency headquarters, and quickly mobilize manpower? Material resources? Financial resources, form an orderly? Emergency management mechanism with clear responsibilities? Should the government use the media in the emergency management of public emergencies? On-the-spot investigation and other means to strengthen communication with the people and eliminate their fears; Mobilize relevant organizations and the public, let them participate extensively, and ensure the openness and transparency of public emergency decision-making? (2) establish and improve the accountability system for officials, and increase the intensity of rewards and accountability? There are four levels of official accountability system: one is moral responsibility, which is responsible to the victims and the public; The second is political responsibility, which is responsible to the ruling party and government; The third is democratic responsibility, which is responsible to voters; The fourth is legal responsibility, responsible for relevant laws and regulations? Should we hand over the responsibility of dealing with public emergencies to the National People's Congress, so that people can give full play to their institutional advantages? Specifically, should the National People's Congress supervise whether officials are conscientious in preventing and responding to public emergencies? Did you neglect your duty and pursue morality according to law? Politics? Democracy and legal responsibility? In addition, the official accountability system should be extended to all decision-making mistakes in public emergencies? Employment supervision? Abuse of power and so on? (3) Establish a communication and dialogue mechanism with the people, and pay attention to humanistic care and communication and mobilization of the people? Be realistic? Responsible attitude towards the people Establish a communication and dialogue mechanism with the people, invite experts and scholars in public emergencies to answer people's doubts when necessary, enhance people's awareness of self-protection and trust in the government, so as to mobilize more people to participate in dealing with public emergencies?

5. Establish a perfect information feedback network and guide public opinion correctly? Our government should establish and improve the reporting system of public emergencies, improve the information security system, improve the responsibility system of early warning and forecasting, and gradually establish and improve the information feedback network? Specifically, it is to organize specialized researchers to cooperate with the emergency management committee of public emergencies to find out the truth as soon as possible, and then report and announce the truth in time through the news media, and strengthen communication with the people and listen to their voices? In particular, we should avoid the rapid spread of gossip, take the initiative to contact and communicate with the media at the first time when public emergencies occur, hold press conferences and online video conferences, and inform the people of the progress of public emergencies in a comprehensive and detailed manner and the general measures to deal with them? At the same time, respect citizens' right to know, answer questions from the masses in time, and open communication channels? This has mastered the initiative of public opinion and realized the correct guidance of public opinion? What is the purpose of timely dissemination of public emergencies?

6. Establish and develop a resource guarantee system for the management of public emergencies? For a long time, our government has mainly relied on the rapid mobilization of regional and even national manpower? Material resources? The supply of financial resources ensures the management and response to emergencies? This practice has played a great role in managing and responding to emergencies, but it also has disadvantages? In order to nip in the bud, our government needs to establish and develop a resource guarantee system for emergency management as soon as possible? It is necessary for the government to include crisis management funds into the government budget, establish special funds to deal with various disasters and crises, and expand the supply of funds through social insurance? The government should increase the strategic resource reserve, compile the resource catalogue and effectively mobilize resources? The state and society should strengthen the cultivation and training of human resources and provide sufficient human resources for crisis management? At the same time, strengthen the construction of China's social security system to protect the basic needs of the people in the event of emergencies; Further improve China's resources protection laws and regulations and social donation acceptance service network?