What is the essential difference between tenon-mortise structure and nail connection of solid wood furniture?

Solid wood furniture generally adopts tenon-mortise structure, basically without nails. Why? After reading the following five points, the answer will be solved.

1, mortise has a long history.

As early as the Neolithic Age in Hemudu more than 7,000 years ago, our ancestors began to use tenon-mortise structure, which means that tenon-mortise structure is a unique technological creation of the Chinese nation with a long history.

For more than 70 centuries, this kind of art and craft has been continuously developed and recreated, and the technology and craft have become quite skilled.

China traditional furniture (especially Ming and Qing furniture) has reached today's level, which is directly related to the application of this structural feature. It is the application of this ingenious structure that enhances the artistic value of China furniture, especially to the amazement of China furniture and architectural artists.

Therefore, it can be said that Chinese furniture does not need nails, which is a tradition, an established custom and a continuation and development of the upper hand. Tenon and mortise structure is the core of China furniture, also known as traditional furniture.

2. The mortise and tenon structure makes the furniture more durable.

Many people have experienced this kind of thing. For benches with nails, nails are easy to hang pants, but benches with mortise and tenon structure rarely do, because furniture with mortise and tenon structure is more durable. The following summarizes the specific reasons:

First, the combination of tenon and mortise structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short pieces of wood. This combination can effectively limit the distortion between wooden pieces in all directions.

Nail connection can't be done. For example, if nails are used to make a T-shaped combination of two wooden roofs, the vertical roof and the horizontal roof are easy to distort and change their angles, but tenons and mortises will not distort.

Secondly, metals are prone to rust or oxidation, while real mahogany furniture can be used for hundreds or thousands of years. Many Ming style furniture has a history of hundreds of years. Despite the vicissitudes of life, the wood is as hard as ever.

If such furniture is combined with nails, it is likely that the wood is intact, but the furniture falls apart because of corrosion, fatigue and aging of the connecting metal.

3, mortise and tenon structure furniture is easy to disassemble and transport.

Many mahogany furniture is disassembled and transported, and then assembled and installed at the destination, which is very convenient.

If the furniture is connected with nails, it can be made into a split system, but it is difficult to make furniture with more pieces in Xiao Mu like chairs. Furniture made of nails is easily damaged when disassembled.

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4. Mortise furniture is easy to maintain.

No matter what kind of furniture has been used for a long time, it needs maintenance. Pure mahogany furniture can be used for hundreds of years, and there will always be similar cases where bricks are broken and need to be replaced. Nail-connected furniture is not as easy to disassemble and replace as mortise-and-tenon furniture.

If the furniture is made of good glue, such as fish fat glue, the glue will soak in water and soften, and the tenon and mortise will soon loosen, but unless the furniture is divided into eight pieces, it can't be done with nails. This will cause damage to the furniture.

When making furniture, nails can easily lead to wood damage.

Mahogany wood is hard, and it is easy to split the wood by squeezing and drilling nails, and the tenon-mortise structure can be connected without too much brute force.

1. tenon-mortise connection refers to a connection method in which various processes are carried out on wood, and the two ends of each wood part to be joined are processed into tenons and mortises by using the material characteristics of wood itself, and they are nested and fixed with each other.

2. There are various forms of mortises and tenons. Usually, what kind of tenon should be matched with what kind of mortise, and the size and scale should not be lost. It has the advantage of making furniture parts seamless and durable, but it is difficult to process and the production efficiency is low, which is also an important reason for the simplification of common tenons and the scarcity of some special tenons in the production of solid wood furniture. These commonly used tenons are mainly divided into right-angle tenons, round tenons, dovetail joint tenons and oval tenons according to their shapes. According to the number of tenons, there are mainly single tenons, double tenons and multi-head tenons. According to the through relationship between tenons, there are mainly: open tenons and hidden tenons. According to whether the tenon side is exposed or not, there are mainly open tenons, closed tenons and semi-closed tenons.

3. Nailing (nailing) is a combined way to connect furniture parts directly with various nails. It has the advantages of high production efficiency and easy processing, but it is often not as strong as tenon joint. Usually, the firmness of this bonding method is closely related to the length and shape of the nail body, the strength of the nail itself and the diameter of the nail. The higher the strength of the nail, the higher the bonding strength. The greater the length and diameter of the nail, the greater the surface fluctuation and the higher the bonding strength. At present, the commonly used nail types are mainly divided into two categories: manual nail feeding (straight round nail, straight square nail and threaded nail) and mechanical nail feeding (air gun nail).

4, the difference:

(1) Furniture parts are connected by tenon-mortise structure (parts are connected by friction of wooden components instead of metal nails). The mortise (chisel) and tenon (truss) must be identical in size and shape in order to be assembled correctly. Its advantages are as follows: the furniture adopts exquisite and accurate tenon-mortise structure, which closely combines all parts of the furniture into a solid whole. The tenon itself is a combination of furniture parts, which is made of the same material and has the same life span as the furniture, and at the same time shows the connotation of China culture.

(2) Nailing is a combined way to connect various parts of furniture with various nails. Usually, due to the increase of the service life of furniture, the repeated pulling out of nails, the change of materials expanding with heat and contracting with cold, the oxidation aging of nails and other factors, the furniture structure is loose and the service life is shortened.