How about Fujian Tulou Huaan Scenic Area?

Fujian Tulou Huaan Scenic Area is a national AAAA-level tourist attraction and a world cultural heritage.

According to rough statistics, there are more than 3,000 tulou in Fujian, including 68 tulou in Hua 'an County alone. Although the number is small, Hua 'an Tulou occupies a special and irreplaceable position in Fujian with its distinctive regional characteristics and special historical, artistic and scientific values.

The "Er Yi Lou" in Dida Village, Xiandu Township, Hua 'an is a typical representative of Hua 'an earth building, a masterpiece of Fujian earth building and a treasure of traditional houses in China.

1, the most livable environment

The "second and first floor" is backed by centipede mountain. The mountains are winding and the trees are lush The winding water in front of the building has a wide view. Kameyama is committing a crime, while Jiu Feng is making a screen. Lion Mountain on the left extends forward; On the right, the tiger hill is low and retreats, so Tian Xuanting is added to make up the geomantic omen and balance the left and right. Surrounded by Xiushan, it is rich in water resources, with beautiful scenery and hidden winds. The back mountain can block the cold wave, the surface water can meet the cool wind, and the vegetation can conserve water and soil. The organic combination of earth building and environment constitutes an ideal ecological model. Not only the landscape is beautiful, but also it is convenient for production and life. It is really suitable for mountains, water and living.

2. The layout is the most unique

The plane layout of Fujian Round Building can be divided into inner corridor type and unit type. Modular earth buildings are concentrated in Pinghe, Zhao 'an, Xiao Yun, Zhangpu and Hua 'an counties in Zhangzhou City. Most modular earth buildings have a single bay as an independent unit. However, the "Eryi Building" and "Nanyang Building" in Hua 'an Dida Village are based on multi-bay units. There are ten four-bay units around "Er Yi Lou", one with five bays and one with three bays. Each unit has an independent entrance, a small patio and a dedicated staircase, which constitutes an indoor private space. The central inner courtyard is enclosed by a circular building as a public space shared by many households in the building. According to the modern concept analysis, there is no doubt that it has the best level of space privacy and is suitable for living.

3. The most cautious defense

In addition to the defensive measures of general earth buildings, the setting of "hidden corridors" on the periphery of the fourth floor is rare in Fujian's surrounding buildings. So far, apart from Nanyang Building, only the circular building Lian Fang Building in Xiazhai, Pinghe County and the square building Wushilou in Guzhu Township, Yongding County have similar peripheral corridors. The "hidden corridor" not only connects the independent units, but also facilitates the shooting rescue in defense, which is undoubtedly the most ideal defense design. In addition, the use of sewers as backup escape routes is also rare in Fujian Tulou.

4. The outer wall is the thickest

The earth wall outside Fujian earth building is closed, and the foot of the wall is built with river pebbles or strip stones. Generally, the outer earth wall with the bottom wall thickness of1.1-1.5m ... is made of granite blocks at the bottom. The wall thickness is 2.5 meters, which is the thickest for Fujian Tulou.

This design is the most scientific.

The "second and first floor" not only has its unique overall layout, but also its scientific design is rare in other earth buildings. Around the door of 12 unit, a wooden grating "half door" is added to the door, which can not only protect but also facilitate ventilation, and each door cover has different wood carvings.

The tortuous "sound transmission hole" on the outer wall is unique to Fujian Tulou, which is convenient for talking and beneficial to defense.

There are receiving corridors on the second and third floors of each unit, which are ideal places for drying clothes and relaxing.

In the corner of the hidden corridor on the fourth floor, a cross bar is set as a fixed ladder to facilitate climbing when repairing the tile roof.

In addition, a hole was made in the wooden floor of the unit corridor floor. When the hole was opened, a transparent shaft was formed between several floors. Long timber for maintenance and construction can be easily sent to the fourth floor and roof through this hole. These humanized and meticulous designs are amazing.

6. Murals are the most abundant

"Er Yi Lou" has preserved 600 square meters of murals from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, which is unique among China's folk houses! It is not only large in area and quantity, but also rich in varieties. * * 226 murals and 228 color paintings. Its picture is full of Shan Ye, wild interest and life breath, and it exudes rich earthy fragrance. It is a true portrayal of Tulou life and reflects the yearning and pursuit of Tulou people. Especially in such a remote mountainous area, decorative murals drawn by foreigners, foreign languages and foreign clocks have been found. This obvious exotic color is amazing and has become a powerful witness to the marine cultural characteristics of Fujian folk houses.

7, the most complete preservation

Among the famous earth buildings in Fujian, the "Town Tower" and its "Eight Diagrams" outer ring building in Yongding County were burned down. The inner ring of "Chengqi Building" was also seriously damaged and was only repaired in recent years. The cubicles and eaves on the fourth floor of the outer ring building of Yushun Building in Nanjing County have not been completed, and the inner ring has only been built in half.

Among the large round earth buildings with a diameter of more than 70 meters in Fujian Province, "Er Yi Lou" is the best preserved one. From the civil structural components to the decorative murals, they have not been replaced, which can be described as the original state, which is really rare.

8. National insurance was listed first.

The "21st Floor" 1988 was first published in the ninth issue of Journal of Architecture, which attracted academic attention. It was "discovered" and introduced much later than Yongding Tulou, but "Er Yi Lou" has won the favor of many experts and scholars because of its unique charm. 1992, "eryi building" was listed as a national cultural relic protection unit for the first time in Fujian tulou.

Hua 'an Tulou, represented by the "second and first floor", embodies China's traditional view of nature and is the most valuable example of exploring a people-oriented livable environment.