Briefly describe the characteristics of Ming and Qing painting?

1, in the early Ming Dynasty, palace painting was the mainstream of home painting. /kloc-In the middle of the 5th century, the "Four Great Masters of Wumen" rose in China, Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin and Chou Ying south of the Yangtze River. They widely absorbed the strengths of Tang, Five Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties, and formed their own unique painting art, which was also called "Ming Sijia" by later generations.

During Jiajing period, Xu Wei, an outstanding painter, created splash-ink flowers in a unique way. During the Wanli period, Wumen painters pioneered realistic landscape painting and made innovations on the basis of inheriting Wu Pai's style and characteristics. The picture is fresh and elegant, and the artistic conception is ethereal and spacious. In the late Ming Dynasty, there were figure painters, Ding, Chen Hongshou, Cui Zizhong, Zeng Whale, and flower and bird painter Chen Chun.

2. In the Qing Dynasty, literati painting unified the painting world, landscape painting and ink freehand brushwork prevailed, and more painters pursued the interest of pen and ink, which was surprisingly renovated in artistic form, and many schools with different styles emerged. The landscape flower-and-bird paintings of Zhu Da and Shi Tao in the early Qing Dynasty, the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" in the middle period, the flower-and-bird paintings of ladies in Ren Bonian and Wu Changshuo in the late Qing Dynasty, as well as Yangliuqing, Taohuawu and folk New Year pictures all had a great influence on later generations.

Six early Qing dynasty:

Landscape painters Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Yi, Wang, Yun in the early Qing Dynasty. Also known as "Four Kings, Wu and Yun". They enjoyed great fame after Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty, leading the painting world and influencing fashion, and were regarded as "orthodox" at that time.

Four eminent monks in the early Qing Dynasty:

Namely Hong Ren (), Kun Can (), Badashanren () and Shi Tao (Zhu Ruoji). Badashanren and Shi Tao were both adherents of the late Ming Dynasty, both of whom belonged to the Ming imperial clan and later became monks. They are all proficient in Zen, lyricism, calligraphy and painting, and each has its own unique attainments. Kun Shen Xi Shi and Shi Tao are also called "two stones".

Eight aristocratic families in Jinling:

Gong Xian, Fan Yin, Wu Hong, Zou Zhe, Xie Xun, Ye Xin, Gao Cen and Hu Yi were eight painters who were active in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. There were eight painters in Jinling in the early Qing Dynasty. In fact, besides the Eight Schools, there were other painters in Jinling at that time, such as Chen Zhuo, Lu Riwei, wudan and Ying Daizhen. They are all influenced by Jinling painting style to some extent, or they are advocates themselves.

In the early Qing Dynasty, they were independent creative groups outside the Four Kings Orthodox School. Compared with the previous generation, they have made great breakthroughs in creative techniques and ideas, forming a brand-new style. Later generations called it "Jinling School". In order to distinguish them from the modern Jinling School represented by Fu Baoshi and Qian Songyan, we often call them the old Jinling School.

Eight eccentrics in Yangzhou:

A group of painters and calligraphers with similar styles who were active in Yangzhou from the middle of Kangxi to the end of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty were collectively called "Yangzhou Painting School" in art history. In the history of painting in China, there are different opinions, generally recognized as: Jin Nong, Zheng Xie, Huang Shen, Shan Li, Li, Wang, Gao Xiang. As for the painters mentioned by others, such as Ruan Yuan, Hua Yan, Min Zhen, Gao, Li Mian, Chen Zhuan, Bian Shoumin, Yang Fa, etc. It can also be included because of similar painting styles.

Because the word "eight" can be regarded as a number or a divisor. Most of them were born in poverty, lived a poor life, and were lofty and wild. Calligraphy and painting often become the media for them to express their wishes and feelings. The painting and calligraphy style of Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics is different from ordinary people, unconventional and sometimes derogatory, so it is called "Eight Eccentrics".

Extended data:

Gong Xian, a native of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, is the first of the "Eight Families in Jinling". Born in the 17th year of Wanli (A.D. 16 19), he died in the 28th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1689). His early years coincided with frequent social unrest and difficulties in internal affairs and diplomacy in the Ming Dynasty. At this time, the people were miserable and their lives were ruined, so they drifted away in their early years and had no fixed place to live.

Until his later years, when the society became stable, Gong Xian began to live in seclusion in Liang Qing, Nanjing, devoting himself to painting and selling paintings for a living. Gong Xian is good at landscape painting. He studied under the philosophers of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and was able to get rid of the stereotype of the ancients, advocating sketching and traveling more. Therefore, his works are fresh and lively, changing the stale flavor since Dong Qichang, and the landscape returns to the true way of depicting beautiful mountains and rivers.

Most of his works are based on the local scenery in Nanjing or what he saw in his travels, and most of them describe the real scenery. In the postscript of the Endless Map of the Western Hills, which is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing, it was said that "the floating mountain on Wan Li Road has its own branches and the water is active". This paper fully expounds his artistic creation concept of "nature as a teacher".

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ming Dynasty (Chinese historical dynasty)

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty (Chinese historical dynasty)

Baidu encyclopedia-Yangzhou eight eccentrics (painter and calligrapher in the middle of Qing Dynasty)

Baidu Encyclopedia-Jinling Bajia

Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Monks in Early Qing Dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Six Families in Early Qing Dynasty