Summarize the language characteristics of classical Chinese.

1. The differences between the linguistic features of China's classical Chinese. The most fundamental feature of Chinese is the lack of morphological changes. All Russian learners know that Russian has rich morphological changes, and these grammatical categories such as sex, number, case, tense, aspect and state can all be expressed through morphological changes. Although the morphological changes in English are not as rich as those in Russian, there are also many. However, Chinese lacks morphological changes and is an "isolated language" or "root language". Although the grammatical functions of "bird" and "fly" in Bird Flying and Bird Flying are different, the word forms have not changed. The main grammatical means of Chinese are word order and function words. "Teachers ask students" and "students ask teachers" have different meanings, because the same order is different. "Daddy's mother" and "Daddy's mother" have different meanings, because function words are different. The grammatical functions of words in Chinese are quite extensive. Nouns can be used as subject and object as well as predicate. Verbs can be used not only as predicates, but also as subjects and objects. Adjectives can be used not only as attributes, but also as adverbials. The dual category of Chinese vocabulary is an important grammatical phenomenon. "zai" is not only a verb, but also a preposition and adverb. There are many flexible uses of Chinese parts of speech. Sentences like "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" can be seen almost everywhere.

Another feature of Chinese is its strong historical inheritance. There are a lot of ancient Chinese factors active in modern Chinese. Needless to say, the basic form of syntactic structure "subject-behavior" and "verb-object" runs through ancient and modern times, and basic words such as "heaven", "earth", "life", "up" and "down" are always active, and there are many concrete expressions alone. In ancient Chinese, "a wolf sits in front" and "villagers crouch" all use nouns as adverbials, and "glory" and "seriousness" in "carrying forward" and "serious party discipline and state law" all inherit the expression of "feed" as a verb. Even a large number of disyllabic words that are common in modern Chinese are basically words in ancient Chinese.

2. Briefly describe the language art of China's ancient classical Chinese novels. Characteristic novels are the art of language, which describes plots, shapes characters and depicts various life scenes.

The language of ancient novels is refined and vivid, and the charm is flying; Elegant and popular tastes, changeable; Language and content are in harmony. This makes China's ancient novels exude fragrance and vitality in the palace of literature with a unique attitude, which makes us explore and ponder again and again.

1. A novelist who is concise, beautiful in artistic conception and full of charm, attaches importance to rich language accumulation, tries his best to tap rich popular language resources, finds the best fit between them, strives for expressive force of big language, refines words and phrases, and makes language vivid and meaningful. Second, appeal to both refined and popular tastes, swaying and interesting. Generally speaking, the use of language in China's ancient novels can be seen. First, classical Chinese novels are being popularized in vernacular culture.

Second, vernacular novels are becoming literary. In the long history of novel development, they influence and reflect each other, making it more truly reflect the social Vientiane and close to the public.

Thirdly, the language of China's ancient novels is not perfect, but the language of some excellent works, on the whole, the language style of novels is adapted to its content. This is mainly manifested in: first, the identity, personality and environment of the characters have been properly expressed in their language; Second, the choice of language form adapts to the needs of content.

3. What are the characteristics of classical Chinese? Linguistic research holds that written language is produced and developed on the basis of spoken language, and they influence and promote each other and have a very close relationship. Classical Chinese was formed on the basis of pre-Qin oral English, but with the passage of time, it gradually widened the distance from later oral English. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the official implementation and the need of imperial examinations, scholars deliberately imitated the language of the "Four Books and Five Classics" to write poems and articles, focusing on elegance and integrity. In this way, the distance between classical Chinese as a written language and the language actually used by people is getting bigger and bigger, resulting in the phenomenon of separation of language and text.

Second, it lasts for a long time. Until the May 4th Movement, classical Chinese, as the dominant written language, was handed down from generation to generation, and its language components remained basically unchanged. For example, the usage of some basic sentence patterns and commonly used function words in the pre-Qin period has been preserved in classical Chinese, and even the most active words in the three elements of language have strong stability in classical Chinese: the ancient meanings of some words have long disappeared in spoken English, but they can still be used in classical Chinese. Although later generations will inevitably mix some spoken language at that time in imitation, which will bring some subtle changes to classical Chinese, on the whole, classical Chinese has basically maintained its original appearance in vocabulary system and grammar system.

Third, the writing is concise. Most of China's important ancient books are written in classical Chinese, and many immortal works have always been known for their conciseness. It can be said that classical Chinese itself contains concise factors: first, classical Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, with few disyllabic words and disyllabic words; Second, classical Chinese is often omitted, and it is very common to omit subjects, objects, predicates and prepositions. In addition, the famous writers of past dynasties paid more attention to the tempering of language and emphasized "the great meaning of small words", thus forming the style of classical Chinese.

Fourth, the ancient Olympic Games were difficult to understand. Due to the age, it is more and more difficult to understand classical Chinese without spoken English. Crooked sentences, uncommon ancient characters, and many strange names and regulations … all these have become elusive "myths" in the eyes of beginners. Therefore, annotating ancient books and solving difficult problems has always been one of the tasks pursued by scholars.

4. What is the difference between classical Chinese and modern Chinese? Classical Chinese is relative to vernacular Chinese.

The first "article" refers to a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording.

"Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.

"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language".

In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese.

In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese". Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese.

In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools. What is classical Chinese? 1. Classical Chinese is wonderful.

Of course, there is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture.

This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese. 2. Classical Chinese is knowledge.

This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).

3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression.

Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese. 4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese".

The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language.

"Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it shows that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later.

"Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words. The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style.

The latter's "text" refers to style. So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is.

When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools.

The application of seal script is also mostly the same. The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history.

In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.

In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference.

As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style. Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn.

The Value of Contemporary Classical Chinese Revival Classical Chinese Revival is one of the hot spots in the cultural revival movement in contemporary China. Its appearance has the same profound historical background as the China Cultural Renaissance Movement, and it is an integral part of the Chinese National Renaissance Movement.

On the surface, the revival of classical Chinese is a denial of vernacular Chinese advocated by Hu Shi and others, but in essence it is an extension of vernacular Chinese movement. The popularity of vernacular Chinese has greatly increased the audience of generalized culture, but made the direct audience of China traditional culture less and less-thus posing an unprecedented threat to the inheritance of China culture.

It is precisely because of the need to inherit China culture completely and accurately that the revival of classical Chinese has become a historical necessity. The revival of classical Chinese can not deny the existence and value of vernacular Chinese.

Chinese mainland's revival of classical Chinese began to sprout in 1980s. The concept of revival of classical Chinese was clearly put forward by Liu Zhou, a young scholar, in The First Step of Cultural Revival in China (Suggestions).

In 2007, Guangming Daily published "Hundred Cities Fu", which showed the state's attitude towards the revival of classical Chinese. The proposal of the revival of classical Chinese was put forward by a young scholar, which shows that the development potential of the revival of classical Chinese is very strong.

Modern Chinese 1. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. 2. Rhetoric: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, repetition, metonymy, rhetorical question, quotation and comparison. 3. Common writing methods and expression methods: association, imagination, symbol, comparison, contrast and contrast. Scene fusion 4. The function of sentences in the text structure of the article: always starting from the full text, causing the following, playing the role of bedding, bedding, connecting the preceding with the following (transition), coordinating before and after, echoing from beginning to end, summarizing the full text, indicating the theme and promoting the development of the plot. 5. The function of sentences in expression: to render the atmosphere and contrast the characters (or sense of characters).

5. What are the characteristics of classical Chinese? 1. The separation of language and writing. Linguistic research holds that written language is produced and developed on the basis of spoken language, and the two are closely related. Classical Chinese was formed on the basis of spoken English in the pre-Qin period, but with the passage of time, the distance between classical Chinese and spoken English gradually widened. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the official implementation and the need of imperial examinations, scholars deliberately imitated the language of the "Four Books and Five Classics" to write poems and articles, focusing on elegance. In this way, the distance between classical Chinese as a written language and the language actually used by people is getting bigger and bigger, resulting in the phenomenon of separation between words and characters. Second, it will remain unchanged for a long time. Until the May 4th Movement, classical Chinese, as the dominant written language, was passed down from generation to generation and remained in use. Its language components remain basically unchanged. For example, the usage of some basic sentence patterns and commonly used function words in the pre-Qin period has been preserved in classical Chinese, and even the most active words in the three elements of language have strong stability in classical Chinese: the ancient meanings of some words have long disappeared in spoken English, but they can still be used in classical Chinese. Although later generations will inevitably mix some spoken language at that time in imitation, which will bring some subtle changes to classical Chinese, on the whole, classical Chinese has basically maintained its original features in vocabulary system and grammar system. Third, the writing is concise. Most of China's important ancient books are written in classical Chinese, and many immortal works have always been known for their conciseness. It can be said that classical Chinese itself contains concise factors: first, classical Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, while disyllabic words and disyllabic words are relatively few; Second, it is common to omit subjects, objects, predicates and prepositions in classical Chinese. In addition, the famous artists of past dynasties paid more attention to the tempering of language and emphasized that "words must be done", so they formed a rigorous and concise classical Chinese style. Fourth, ancient Austria is difficult to understand. Because of the long time, it is more and more difficult to understand classical Chinese without spoken English. Twisted sentences are not common.