The history of teacups

A teacup is an instrument for holding tea. Water comes out of the teapot, pours into the teacup, and then makes tea for the guests. There are two kinds of cups: small cups are mainly used to taste oolong tea, also called tea cups, which are used in conjunction with fragrant cups; Large cups can also be directly used as tea-making and tea-holding utensils, mainly used for drinking high-grade and exquisite tea. The following is the history of the teacups I carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

The history of teacups

Porcelain cups, daily utensils, have been used for drinking water or tea since ancient times. Basic equipment type

Most of them are straight or open, and the diameter along the mouth is almost equal to the height of the cup. Flat bottom, round feet or high feet. Archaeological data show that the earliest cups began in the Neolithic Age. There are pottery cups in Yangshao culture, Longshan culture and Hemudu culture sites. The types of cups in this period are the most peculiar and diverse: there are single-ear or double-ear cups with ears; Most of them are conical, three-legged cups, special-shaped cups and high-handle cups.

Primitive celadon cups appeared from the Warring States to the Han Dynasty, among which the oval cups with shallow bellies and flat ears along the long sides in the Han Dynasty were the most representative. The cups in the Sui Dynasty were mostly small green glazed straight-mouth cakes. The most distinctive are the tri-colored pottery cups and patterned pottery cups in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, it was still popular to match a set of drinking utensils with several small cups. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, cups were mostly straight-mouthed, shallow-bellied, round or high-legged, and the high bottom was trumpet-shaped. Song cups are mostly won by glaze color, such as Longquan kiln and Guan, Ge, Ru kiln and Jun kiln. Among them, the black color decoration under the glaze of Cizhou kiln is quite distinct. The fetal bone of Yuanbei cup is thicker, and small flowers and plants are often printed on the inside of the cup. The Ming and Qing dynasties were the most exquisite times for making cups, with light and thin tires, warm glaze, gorgeous colors and various types. In the Ming Dynasty, there were famous Yongle Handcup, Chenghua Doucai Gao Zubei and Jigang Cup. Gao Zubei is more common in the middle and early period. The cups in Qing dynasty were mostly straight-mouthed, with or without handles in the deep belly, covered or uncovered. Decorative techniques are varied, including blue and white, multicolor, pastel and various monochromatic glazes.

Porcelain lamp, tea drinking utensil. The basic type of utensils is open-footed, with inclined straight walls, which are generally smaller than rice bowls and larger than wine glasses. According to archaeological or documentary evidence, porcelain cups were made in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the objects we saw were straight-mouthed, straight-bellied, pie-shaped, flat-footed, blue-glazed and thin-sliced. Tea drinking became popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Tea lanterns in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties were the most famous in Yueyao in the south and Yao Xing in the north. Tea cups in the Tang Dynasty are also called? Oh? Lu Yu said in the Book of Tea:? Ou yue state, the lips are not rolled, and the bottom roll is shallow, only half a liter? This shows the general shape of the kiln lamp. Yue kiln lamps are often equipped with lamp holders, which are often designed as lotus leaves with lotus petals on them, which are quite exquisite and moving. It is natural that Yue kiln lamp is called top grade by Lu Yu because of its fine tire quality, uniform glaze layer and bluish green glaze color. Xing Kiln War is known as "white as snow" and is "universal", which shows its popularity. The common types of teacups in the north and south of Tang Dynasty are open, inclined straight abdominal wall and jade foot.

In the song dynasty, the wind of fighting tea was very strong. Because it is easy to observe the white color of tea foam, the black glazed lamps of Jianye kiln and Yonghe kiln are especially praised. Even Emperor Evonne of Song Huizong was no exception. He bluntly said in "Daguan Tea Theory":? The color of the lamp is blue and black, and jade is the best. ? Jade belt lamp is the rabbit lamp that people often say, which is produced in Jianyang kiln in Fujian. There are roughly two kinds of cups in the Song Dynasty: one is a small shallow round foot with an oblique arc abdomen and a straight mouth; The other is that the corners of the mouth are curled, such as trumpet-shaped, small and shallow, and the abdominal wall is straight. Some of them are decorated with gold, books? Shoushan Fuhai? Words. In addition to building kilns, the official kilns, Ge kilns, Ding kilns, Jun kilns, Longquan kilns and Jizhou kilns in the Song Dynasty generally burned tea lamps.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the number of black glazed teacups decreased relatively, and blue and white glazed products became more common. The cups in the Yuan Dynasty were straight and the carcass was heavy. In the Ming Dynasty, Xuande white glazed lamp was the most exquisite. Chenghua and Jiajing blue and white lanterns followed closely. In the middle and early Ming dynasty, the cup was full of small folds, deep abdomen and deep circle. In the middle and late stage, it is small and curly, with a deep abdomen, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and shallow round. Most of the decorative patterns are blue-and-white designs painted on the glaze, and there are also fighting colors, multicolored and monochromatic glazes. The modeling, decorative techniques and manufacturing techniques of tea cups in Qing dynasty are superior to those in previous dynasties, and the small cups decorated with pastel and enamel painting are even more exquisite. The basic shape of the device is an open and curved abdominal wall, which is high, large and deep in the early stage of the round foot and relatively low, small and shallow in the later stage, all of which are regular.

In the history of cup and cup development, compared with the two, cup was first produced, cup was last produced, cup was mostly used for drinking, and cup was mostly used for drinking. The shape of the cup is smaller, the shape of the cup is bigger, the cup is many feet high, the cup is full of circles, and the decorative pattern of the cup is simple and complicated. Through the evolution of cups and cups, we can see the profoundness of tea and wine culture in China.

Common sense of teacup

How to remove tea stains from cups? Many people like to drink tea, but the tea stains on the cups are difficult.

Remove a layer of tea dirt growing on the inner wall of the tea set, which contains metal substances such as cadmium, lead, iron, arsenic and mercury. They are brought into the body when drinking tea, and combine with protein, fat, vitamins and other nutrients in food to form insoluble precipitate, which hinders the absorption of nutrients. At the same time, these oxides can also cause diseases and dysfunction of nervous, digestive, urinary and hematopoietic systems, especially arsenic and cadmium can cause cancer, cause fetal malformation and endanger health. Therefore, people who have the habit of drinking tea should always clean up the tea dirt on the inner wall of the tea set in time. In order to make you stop worrying about this matter, here are some ways to remove tea stains:

(1) Remove the tea scale on the metal tea partition. When using metal tea partition, it will turn black due to tea dirt. If it can't be washed off with a medium-sized cleaner, it can be soaked in vinegar or easily cleaned with bleach.

(2) Remove tea stains from teacups or teapots. If teacups and teapots are used for a long time, a large number of tea stains are rubbed with sponge dipped in salt, which is easy to remove.

(3) Except for small pieces of tea dirt, it can be soaked in the solution of bleach or cleaning powder and left overnight to remove the tea dirt.

(4) Can be scrubbed with toothpaste or broken egg shells, and then rinsed with clear water.