How to draw Chinese painting?

One of the basic skills of Chinese painting-using a pen

Zhang Yanyuan said in the Tang Dynasty: "The image of a husband should be tangible and have a backbone. The shape of the spine depends entirely on the will and the pen. " Zhang Yanyuan emphasized the relationship between pen and conception modeling. Conception needs modeling, and modeling needs a pen, which has become the basis of Chinese painting.

1: pen and line

In Chinese painting, the pen is actually a line, and the line is the most basic modeling method in Chinese painting. Line is by no means a description of the outline in the shaping of the body, but also shows the texture, sense of quantity and movement of the object. For example, in landscape painting, axe chopping gives people a strong and tough feeling; Pima gives people a soft feeling and so on. The use of lines reflects the ability of China painters to generalize, refine and understand objective images, and their great creativity in controlling objects.

In Chinese painting, the relationship between line and shape is mainly reflected in the communication between the character of line itself and the author. As Shi Tao said, "I write almost everything in the world with pen and ink." The lyrical freehand brushwork of pen and ink (line) is due to the various changes of the painter's brush strokes, which makes the line itself have an ever-changing posture. On the one hand, colorful line forms can arouse the appreciator's association with the physical beauty of similar objects in various images in real life, making abstract lines an indirect tortuous reflection of the physical beauty of real things, thus causing people to feel differently. On the other hand, in the process of brush strokes, the painter's personal feelings, interests and thoughts are injected, so that the lines in Chinese painting have obvious characteristics of the painter's personality, achieving lyricism, fluency and freehand brushwork, and then expressing the painter's aesthetic ideal, temperament, mind and personality. This is what the ancients called "painting as a person".

2. Pen and meaning

Zhang Yanyuan's theory that "the backbone and shape depend entirely on the pen" takes conception as the "foundation" of the pen, and "foundation" means commander in chief. "Yi" contains extremely complex cultural connotations and is a complex reflection of the painter's subjective world, that is, various feelings, ideal cultivation and temperament. "Meaning" is subjective, but it is not purely subjective fiction. It is through the use of lines that China painters realize this "lyrical freehand brushwork". Therefore, in the Qing Dynasty, Bu Yantu thought that "it means great use ..... so a good painting must focus on the pen first, not on the pen, not on the pen. ..... So those who learn must think before they act, which means that the pen is used for the purpose. "

As a subjective world activity, "meaning" itself cannot be directly "written". The main point of Chinese painting with intention is to make a pen with god and lead god with meaning, that is, the so-called "meaning to god" and "god to power" "Intention before writing" means that the painter has formed an idea before writing, and once the pen is written on paper, it is intended to be in the pen.

It is under this modality that China painters often grasp their ever-changing emotional process, seize the sudden and fleeting creative inspiration, keep the freshness and continuity of creative impulse, and never lose the painting machine in one go.

3. Pen and power

The use of Qi requires the painter to concentrate all his energy on the pen end, and writing will naturally produce strength, which is "pen power". Because the temperament, self-restraint, emotion and thought that constitute the painter's "meaning" are different, the spirit that runs through the pen will be different. The "Qi" of a pen is different from Qi, which also causes the diversity, complexity and variability of the "pen power" of a pen. For example, Wu Changshuo's brushwork is simple and muddy, while Zhao's brushwork is like a "cotton-wrapped needle", and his lines are quite straightforward, and he is also known as "the wind in the Wu Dynasty" and "the water".

China painters pay attention to saving the pen first, making the pen work with qi, and creating all kinds of brushstrokes with different verve. The change of brush strokes is reflected in the change of brush strokes, and the diversity of nature and human life provides the creative source of brush strokes for China painters. For example, Wang Xizhi realized the elastic change of brushwork from the rotation of goose neck, Zhang Xu realized the brushwork of weeds from watching Gong Sundaniang's sword dance, and Su Shi and Huang Tingjian realized the mystery of brushwork from rowing against the current and boatman rowing respectively.

When China painters use pens, they rely on luck. Their pens follow the trend of the air, and the painter's genius naturally overflows intentionally or unintentionally. The king of Qing Dynasty said: "God meets heart, and heart meets god.". If you can't do it, you have to do it. There is no intention to seek work and meaning, but the strangeness of work is beyond words. " In the process of painting, China painters often say that to get rid of distractions and maintain a relaxed and natural state of mind and body is to make the pen end auspicious, use the pen smoothly and see the power with the pen.

Three. One of the basic techniques of Chinese painting-using ink

Ink is the basic technique of Chinese painting. Painters have always attached importance to the use of pen and ink, the rise of freehand brushwork and the widespread application of life propaganda, and the use of pen and ink has become the basic feature of Chinese painting.

Chinese painting ink mainly uses the skills of ink color change. Due to the different ink content in the pen, it changes from dry to wet and from thick to light. Replacing color with ink has produced the saying that ink is divided into five colors. Zhang Tang and Yan Yuan's "History of Famous Paintings in Past Dynasties" said: "Ink is transported in five colors." The five colors are coke, thick, heavy, light and clear, and each ink color has a change of dry, wet, thick and light, which is the wonder of Chinese painting ink. In addition, there is another saying that ink is divided into six colors. In the Qing Dynasty, Tang Dai said in "A Brief Introduction to Painting": "Among ink colors, there are six colors. What is six colors? Black, white, dry, wet, thick and light. " There is another cloud: "ink has six colors, which makes black and white difficult to distinguish, and there is no yin and yang light and shade;" Dry and wet, no green and beautiful; " The shade is not petal-shaped, but there is no bump and distance. "The richness of color changes in Chinese painting ink can be imagined. The ink color that has not changed must be dull and become a lifeless dead picture. The success of a painter is often inseparable from the skill of using ink. For example, Qi Baishi painted shrimp, so it is well known to women and children. An important reason lies in the proper use of ink. He painted the shrimp three times: "At first, it was only slightly similar. Once it became true, it became darker and lighter. "Now, what we see in his works is a lifelike shrimp shell, transparent and tough, especially the head of the shrimp. Where the ink on the skull is light, a thick ink is shrimp brain, which is really wonderful.

The skill of using ink in Chinese painting is not reflected in how many ink colors can be transferred in the palette, but how to make different ink colors reflected on paper, especially how to make a pen produce various ink color changes. With the continuous development of Chinese painting, the skills of using ink are becoming more and more mature, resulting in various expressions such as "splashing ink", "accumulating ink" and "breaking ink".

Four: One of the skills of Chinese painting-color characteristics

China's paintings have always attached great importance to the use of color. In the Catalogue of Ancient Paintings, Sheikh of Nanqi took "color matching" as one of the "six methods". This theory that different colors endow different types of images is the basis of the use of colors in Chinese painting.

Chinese painting pays attention to "color by category", but it also attaches great importance to the influence of space environment on objects. With the influence of space environment on objects and the change of space environment, the color of objects will change accordingly. Xiao Yi made a careful observation of this phenomenon in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In Song of Rocky Mountains and Rivers, he said: "Autumn hair clan bones, summer shadows, cold and hot, warm days and cool stars." This is China's earliest explanation of the difference between seasons and climate, which caused the color change of objects, especially the change of cold and warm colors. In Song Dynasty, Guo's "Lin Gao Quan Zhi" summarized the influence of seasonal changes on water color and sky: "Water color: Chun Lv, Bi Xia, Qiuqing, Kehei; Sky: Spring shakes, summer is light, autumn is clear, and home is dark. " In the Qing Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, Guo's quotation from "Sketch of Painting" is even more vivid: "Mountains have four seasons, and the wind and rain are gloomy, with different changes, and they are not colored to resemble their appearance. "The so-called spring mountain is like a smile, summer mountain is like a drop of green, autumn mountain is like light, and winter mountain is like sleep. This is also the spirit of the four seasons. "

Too many. It's a long story