What are the research methods of logistics?

Question 1: What are the general research methods? What are the methods suitable for logistics research? 5 points is suitable for logistics research methods.

abstract:

Scientific research needs scientific methods, and the development level of a subject's research methods can even be used as a standard to measure the development level of this subject. The development and perfection of logistics research also urgently needs to enrich and supplement scientific research methods suitable for the characteristics of this discipline. This paper attempts to put forward a comprehensive research method, and focuses on the specific application of the comprehensive research method in logistics research.

Keywords: logistics research; Research methods; integrated study

In the research of logistics decision-making, there are usually two methods: quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, either quantitative analysis or qualitative analysis. Any research field, if limited to a small number of research methods, will certainly not make great progress and produce rich research results. In order to truly develop and improve the logistics discipline, we must innovate the research methods of logistics. In this regard, the author puts forward a new research method in logistics research: comprehensive research method, that is, comprehensive use of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods to study logistics problems.

First, the concepts of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis

Research methods are classified according to different classification standards, and are usually divided into quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis by dichotomy.

(A) the concept of quantitative analysis and its advantages and disadvantages

Quantitative analysis refers to the understanding of the development and change law of things from the quantitative relationship, and the quantitative analysis of the properties of things, so as to judge the nature and change of things, mainly including linear programming, nonlinear programming, dynamic programming, graph theory, queuing theory and other operational research theories, as well as neural network algorithms, genetic algorithms and other algorithms. They are generally abstract, turning complex practical problems into standard, typical and manageable problems to solve.

(B) the concept of qualitative analysis and its advantages and disadvantages

Qualitative analysis focuses on the qualitative analysis and evaluation of the research object, which is a research method for researchers to determine whether the research object has a certain nature according to their own understanding and experience, including scenario description, comparative demonstration, expert review, brainstorming, anti-brainstorming, reasoning, questionnaire survey and other methods. When analyzing problems by qualitative methods, the following steps are generally taken: collecting data-sorting and processing-analyzing data-comprehensive induction-forming a theoretical system.

(3) Terms related to quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis.

Quantitative analysis is often associated with terms such as empirical research and experimental research, while qualitative analysis is often called normative research and humanism. In practical research and thesis writing, these terms are almost interchangeable in connotation and extension, as shown in the following table:

Second, the comparison between quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis

(A) Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis

The abstract process of quantitative analysis should be handled by means of ellipsis, reduction and classification. There are some differences between the typical and standard mathematical models after processing and the actual state of complex problems. If the abstract mathematical model or simulation model contains all the key factors in the system (or problem), the difference between the running results and the actual results is very small, and the results are satisfactory. Otherwise, there will be a big gap between the running results of the abstract model and the actual results, and even the opposite results will be obtained. Even if it is a good model, the input initial conditions are slightly different from the actual system state. When there are many links in the model or the simulation time is long, the error will be great, that is, the so-called "Lorenz phenomenon" will appear.

Qualitative analysis can effectively collect the preferences of decision makers, scientific knowledge and expert experience, and can organically combine them. Because the members of the research organization come from different research fields, they can analyze the structure and environment of the problem from their own perspective, draw unique opinions and form their own views. Synthesize these opinions and viewpoints to form a multi-faceted, multi-level and diversified comprehensive plan to solve the problem. In addition, for complex systems, it is difficult to get a solution or even a result through quantitative analysis in many cases. At this time, qualitative analysis has become the only solution. However, qualitative analysis also has insurmountable shortcomings. When dealing with complex and uncertain problems, it is often one-sided to judge only by "experience". When the project involves many issues such as economy, society and ecological environment, experts in various fields often hold their own opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement. Due to the subjectivity of data collection and the experience of result analysis, the use of qualitative analysis will affect the scientificity and reliability of the research to some extent.

(2) Specific comparison methods of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis.

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Question 2: What research methods can be used in the research of logistics distribution?

1) survey method

Investigation is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic method to collect materials about the actual situation or historical situation of the research object. Investigation is a basic research method commonly used in scientific research. It comprehensively uses historical methods, observation methods, interviews, questionnaires, case studies, tests and other scientific methods to understand the phenomenon in a planned, in-depth and systematic way, and analyzes, synthesizes, compares and summarizes a large number of data collected by investigation, thus providing people with regular knowledge.

Questionnaire survey is the most commonly used survey method, and it is a research method to collect data in the form of written questions, that is, investigators prepare forms for survey items, distribute or mail them to relevant personnel, ask for instructions to fill in answers, and then recycle, sort out, count and study them.

2) Literature research methods

Literature research method is a method to obtain information by investigating literature according to certain research purposes or topics, so as to comprehensively and correctly understand and master the problems to be studied. Literature research methods are widely used in various disciplines.

Its functions are:

(1) Understand the history and current situation of related issues, and help determine the research topic. ② It can form an overall impression of the research object, which is helpful for observation and visit. ③ Contrast data of real data can be obtained. (4) help to understand the whole picture of things.

Question 3: Based on what methods and logistics demand forecasting research, what methods are there? No one can predict this matter.

If I had really predicted it, I would have become a billionaire.

I don't believe in long-term forecasts. I used to buy it after reading other people's predictions on the website. I can't even find a number.

If the landlord really wants to buy it, consider it a gift of love.

If someone tells you what size to buy, I suggest you don't believe it, because I have been playing with my wife and house for several years.

PS: This thing is really not a good thing. Turn over a new leaf and turn over a new leaf I hope you can make up your mind not to take chances and give up gambling decisively.

If you are satisfied, please accept it. Thank you.

Question 4: What are the methods of logistics strategic situation analysis, such as empirical method, trend method, prediction method and imagination method? You can find the trilogy of strategic planning written by Tang Dongfang, which has a detailed introduction.

Question 5: What is the research object of logistics? Research objects of logistics: logistics cost, route, transportation mode, etc.

Question 6: What are the mathematical programming methods (operational research) for thinking and discussing the analysis methods of logistics activities?

Overall planning method (network planning technology)

System optimization method

system simulation

Question 7: What are the basic methods of logistics system engineering? In the research and analysis of logistics system, applied mathematics, information theory, cybernetics and large-scale system theory have been applied and developed; Because the research of logistics system involves many fields, the research methods and technologies adopted are also varied.

Question 8: How to do the statistical analysis of logistics, such as what data are available and what to analyze? Be detailed! ! ! ! I used to do statistical analysis in logistics companies, that is, statistics, and then write reports. If nothing happens, the boss will hold a meeting to summarize. Personally, I think:

Statistical analysis is divided into two parts, the first part is the input information, and the second part is the analysis based on the information.

First, statistical information, especially the statistical summary at the end of the month, is very important. On the one hand, finance should conduct audit and reconciliation according to this information; On the other hand, it is to analyze the operation of enterprises (and abnormal small companies will use this information to evaluate the performance of employees)

Second, data analysis, through statistical information, do business analysis, through this month and the past month's data comparison, you can clearly know the business curve, these data have great data support for the boss's decision.

The software for logistics statistical analysis is generally Excel (spss for academic majors) (some professional software is too expensive for general companies to buy), and it can skillfully use some analysis and summary functions or formulas, such as screening, classified summary, summation, avg, vlookup and other analysis functions. And can make simple histogram or curve according to the summarized data results.

Among them, PivotTable is very common (open Excel-Data-PivotTable), I hope these can help LZ!

Question 9: What are the methods to determine the best route in logistics? There are many ways to determine the best transportation route, but the saving method is the most commonly used one.