Traditional festivals in Inner Mongolia

What are the traditional festivals of Mongolians in Inner Mongolia? Mongolian is a legendary nation with a long history, living a nomadic life of "migrating by water plants". Most grasslands in China have left footprints of Mongolian herders, so they are known as "the pride of grasslands". It is a traditional Mongolian festival with a long history to hold the "Nadam" conference in July and August in the fat season of livestock every year. This is a cultural and entertainment conference held by people to celebrate the bumper harvest. The "Nadam" conference is characterized by thrilling horse dragging, wrestling, admirable archery, competitive chess skills and fascinating songs and dances, showing the unique characteristics of the grassland people.

Festivals and folklore in Inner Mongolia;

Inner Mongolia has a rich and colorful national culture. Horse racing, wrestling and archery are called the "three men's arts" of Mongolian people. The Nadam Grassland Tourism Festival, held in the middle and late July every year, focuses on Mongolian folk songs and dances, sports, competitions, costumes, food and other splendid cultures. Nadam, which means "entertainment" or "game" in Mongolian, is a traditional Mongolian mass. Nadam started from a simple form of song and dance entertainment, and later added wrestling, archery, horse racing and other competitions. The scene is grand and the atmosphere is warm. During the tourism festival, tourists can live in yurts, taste milk tea, participate in horse riding, shooting, singing and dancing programs, and fully experience the wild and natural ethnic customs of the grassland people.

Sacrifice to Aobao is usually held from late May to early June of the lunar calendar. Aobao, called "Duizi" in Mongolian, is a cone-shaped table made of stone, with flags hanging on it and branches hanging vertically from prayer flags. After the ceremony, traditional horse racing, wrestling and other activities will be held.

Torch Festival is a traditional festival of Oroqen nationality in northern Inner Mongolia. Every June 18, Oroqen people light bonfires, gather around the bonfires, sing and dance, and party all night.

Festival customs and related information in Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia is mainly the residence of Mongolians! According to Mongolian customs, the 17th day of the third lunar month is a day to commemorate Genghis Khan's outstanding military talents and achievements. On this day, a memorial ceremony was held for the relic "Sulu Ingot" (spear) of Genghis Khan. Every anniversary, herders are as happy as the Spring Festival, wearing Mongolian holiday costumes, coming to the cemetery from all directions and offering wine, fresh milk and Hada to the statue of Genghis Khan. Groups such as literature, art and sports will also come here to perform wonderful programs for herders. White Festival, also known as Singler, means New Year and Spring Festival. Ancient Mongols regarded white as a pure and auspicious color, so they called the Spring Festival White Festival. The white festival is on the first day of the first month. Celebrating white festivals is a custom passed down from ancient times. When Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan was in power, he attached great importance to white festivals. According to Kyle Polo's travel notes: "The New Year really began in February of the solar calendar, when Khan and all his officials resumed a festival ... that is, Khan and all his subjects put on white robes according to the custom at that time, so that all men, women and children put on white clothes, which seems to be a good costume, so they put them on on New Year's Day, so that this new year will be blessed all the year round. ..... The subjects gave each other white things, hugged and kissed each other, and celebrated important events, thus making the whole year happy. " Now Mongolians also regard White Day as the most solemn festival. On the 30 th night of the twelfth lunar month, the whole family put on holiday costumes and got together for the New Year, staying up all night. Usually the whole family, old and young, burn incense and worship Buddha first, and then the younger generation presents Hada, toast and worship Buddha to their parents. In the early morning of the first day, family and friends began to pay New Year greetings to each other until 15 or the end of the first month. Every year, on October 25th of the lunar calendar, when night falls, every household will light butter lamps to celebrate. Today, most Mongolians in Buksaier Mongolian Autonomous County and emin county have not celebrated the Lantern Festival; In Wusu, Mongolians don't burn lanterns on the Lantern Festival, but use various forms of entertainment. Traditional entertainment activities for the Mongolian people include horse racing, camel racing, wrestling, archery and shooting, tug-of-war, folk singers playing and singing, Ma Touqin playing Jiangge and folk dances. The Mongolian dance in Turhut includes group dance, solo dance, duet between men and women, singing and dancing, which shows the unique characteristics of grassland nationalities. Celebrating the Spring Festival during the Spring Festival is called "New Year" by Mongolians. In ancient times, the Spring Festival was called "white festival". Nowadays, people call the first month of the lunar calendar "Bai Yue". It turns out that Mongols take "white" as auspicious. It is said that it is related to daily consumption of white milk, which means to congratulate the New Year and be lucky. Bai Yue is also a time for people to get together. Before the festival, people should make a beautiful Mongolian robe, prepare mutton and various dairy products, add a few jars of wine, and then start to "tune the horses". On New Year's Eve, the whole family sat among the yurts and started drinking and eating at midnight. Usually, they should eat and drink more. On New Year's Eve, people will also offer "farewell wine" to their elders, sit around and eat jiaozi, commonly known as "yellow steamed stuffed bun" or "flat food", play "garaka" (chess), listen to stories told by artists, stay up all night and indulge in joy. On the first day of the first day, men and women dressed in all kinds of costumes set foot on the horses that had already been adjusted, and rushed to "Haote" (villages and towns) in groups of three and five, stringing together yurts one by one. First, kowtow to the elders, and then the host's son-in-law will toast the guests who come to string bags. Traditionally, everyone drinks this wine, and some people even sing and dance. Men and women in the net bag take advantage of this opportunity to race horses, especially young men and women. Most of them take the distance between "Hout" as the competition distance and start chasing men and women. Basque Festival (April 26th, Gregorian calendar): Also known as "Jesus Easter" or "Basque Festival" in Russian, it is a traditional national festival of China and Russian descendants in Ergon, Hulunbeier, which occurs on April 26th or early May of Gregorian calendar. During the festival, men, women and children should dress up carefully, dye the boiled eggs into colorful "eggs" and give them to each other or entertain guests. Old people should give gifts to their children, and young men and women should greet and bless the old people. People were invited to get together, singing and dancing, which was very lively. Nadam Grassland Tourism Festival "Nadam" means entertainment or amusement in Mongolian. During the festival, Nadam Convention, Jockey Club, Mani Club, court banquet in Yuan Dynasty-horse cheating banquet, Erdos wedding, mourning for Genghis Khan's mausoleum, hot spring forest, Mongolian customs tour and other activities are held. Nadam Festival, also known as Mongolian Game Festival, is a traditional Mongolian festival. It is held in July and August of the lunar calendar, which is a season of rich water plants and fat cattle and sheep. Nadam is Mongolian, meaning "entertainment" or "game". Nadam is usually held in July and August in midsummer and early autumn ...

Festivals and customs in Inner Mongolia The traditional festivals of Mongolians mainly include the Lunar New Year, and the Mongolian language is "Chagan Saren", that is, Bai Yue. Mongolian New Year Festival, also called "White Festival" or "Bai Yue", is closely related to the whiteness of milk. In addition, there are Nadam, Horse Milk Festival and so on.

Sacrifice Aobao is also one. Aobao is Mongolian, meaning heap or bulge. One of the grand ceremonies of the Mongols. Aobao is generally located on high mountains or hills. It is a cone-shaped solid tower made of stone, with a long rod inserted at the top, animal hair horns and scripture cloth tied to its head, and a cushion stone burning cedar wood around it. Next to Aobao are branches covered with whole sheep, koumiss, butter and cheese. When offering sacrifices to the handle, ancient shaman wizards beat drums and chanted scriptures, worshiping and praying; In modern times, lamas burn incense and make fires, chanting scriptures and chanting scriptures. Herdsmen circled Aobao three times from left to right, praying for God's blessing. Mongolian herders follow the primitive religious beliefs of their ancestors and believe that tall and majestic mountains will lead to heaven; This mountain is also the place where imaginary gods live. Therefore, the worship of the mountain and the prayer to God are expressed in the form of offering sacrifices to Aobao. There are many traditional Mongolian sacrificial activities, such as offering sacrifices to heaven, fire, ancestors and Aobao. Among them, offering sacrifices to Aobao is the most important sacrificial activity, and it is one of the manifestations of grassland people advocating natural thought. Xilin Gol League is a well-preserved area where the historical relics of Aobao are sacrificed.

Etiquette and customs:

Mongolians, whether acquaintances or strangers, always greet each other warmly: "He is a perfect match." (Hmm), then the host put his right hand on his chest, bowed slightly, and invited the guests into the yurt. The whole family, old and young, sat around the guests, asking questions as if they were at home.

What festivals are there in Inner Mongolia? The most famous festival in Inner Mongolia is Nadam, which starts on the fourth day of the sixth lunar month and lasts for five days every year. This is a great event for the Mongolian people. Men's "three events"-wrestling, horse racing and archery-are held in both ancient and modern Nadam festivals.

There is also the "Aobao Festival", which is also a Mongolian festival with a long history. Every July and August, Mongolians often get together to celebrate this festival.

What do people do in festivals in Inner Mongolia? The "Nadam" conference is a traditional festival with a long history in Mongolia and occupies an important position in the life of the Mongolian people. The "Nadam" conference held in July and August every year during the livestock fattening season is a cultural and entertainment conference held by people to celebrate the bumper harvest. "Nadam" means entertainment or games in Mongolian. There are thrilling horse racing and wrestling, admirable archery, competitive chess and fascinating songs and dances at the Nadam convention. Horse racing is also one of the important activities of the conference. At the beginning of the race, the riders lined up, each wearing a colored belt and a colored towel, full of youthful vitality. There are all kinds of colorful flags at the beginning and end of the horse race. As soon as the horn sounded, the riders flew into the saddle and whipped their horses, and the red scarf flew like an arrow. The top five became the most praised athletes on the grassland. Archery, wrestling and other competitions have also attracted many herders. [2]

Nadam, which begins on the fourth day of the sixth lunar month every year, is a grand gathering of Mongolian people. The contents of the Nadam Congress mainly include wrestling, horse racing, archery, horse riding, playing Mongolian chess and other traditional ethnic events. In some places, there are track and field, tug of war, basketball and other sports. [3]

On May 20th, 2006, Nadam was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

What are the traditional festivals and customs of Mongolians? Traffic habits

The traditional means of transportation of Mongolians are mainly farm animals and vehicles. The draft animals are mainly horses and camels, and the means of transportation is Che Le.

Grazing horses

Mongols are called a people on horseback. In ancient times, children used horses instead of walking. Horses are not only a means of transportation for Mongolians, but also an important part of Mongolian national culture. Mongolians are familiar with the nature of horses and usually adopt extensive ways of raising horses. Mongolian horses are divided into several series, including Wuzhu Muqin Horse, Shangdu Hippo, Wushen Horse, Sanhe Horse, Horqin Horse and so on. [23]

Kublai Khan hunting map [23]

Inner Mongolia has a vast grassland and rich pasture, which is very suitable for raising horses. Horses are good at sports, so they eat a lot. When eating and defecating, their stomachs digest quickly, and they have to keep eating grass most of the day. In summer, there are many mosquitoes. Horses avoid mosquitoes and heat during the day, and mainly eat grass and catch fat at night. [23]

Mongolians grew up on horseback, and horses are the cradle of Mongolians. Mongolians believe that horses are the most perfect and considerate domestic animals in the world. Mongolian horses are fierce, but they are loyal to their owners. Mongolians regard horses as friends of shepherds, and horses regard their heads as nobles. Mongolians are forbidden to lead and abuse horses, and two people are not allowed to ride a horse. In autumn, they are not allowed to ride wild horses and make them sweat. Flight attendants and riders should carry horse sweat scraping boards and horse brushes with them, wash their bodies at any time, scrape off horse sweat, promote blood circulation, relax muscles and eliminate fatigue for Ma Shu. At the same time, it is also a way for the owner to get close to the horse and enhance his feelings. [23]

Horses have been deeply integrated into the spiritual world of Mongolians. There are countless hymns, fables, aphorisms, folklore, folk songs, music, art and sculptures with Mongolian horses as the theme. There are also many horse-related festivals in Mongolia, such as horse racing festival, pony festival, horse milk festival, god horse festival and so on. The mausoleum of Genghis Khan on the Ordos Plateau has a god horse named Wendugan Chagan and two white horses of Genghis Khan. [23]

In modern times, Mongolian horses in China have gradually lost their functions of production, living and riding, and the number of Mongolian horses is also rapidly decreasing. Mongolians have realized that there are fewer and fewer Mongolian horses, and people of insight in society have begun to establish various organizations about Mongolian horses. Research and rescue of Mongolian horses are being carried out on the grassland in Inner Mongolia. [23]

camel

Camel, docile, easy to tame, hunger and thirst-resistant, cold and heat-resistant, good at trekking and able to bear loads. It not only produces milk, meat and fluff, but also can be used for service. It has four uses, which are beyond the reach of other domestic animals. There are many camels in the west of Inner Mongolia, known as "Temo" in Mongolian, which is an indispensable means of transportation for herders. Able to ride and carry goods. It is two or three meters high and has long legs. It can reach more than one meter in one step and can walk for one or two hundred days. It's a long journey and a heavy load. It can carry 200 kilograms of goods, which is equivalent to the negative weight of a good horse and two cows. Since ancient times, it has the reputation of "the boat in the desert" and is the main freight carrier in the desert area. In the desert area of western Inner Mongolia, groups of camels often travel long distances with heavy loads. The expedition team visited the desert, the sand control team afforested the desert, and the tourist team roamed the desert. Only camels are their faithful companions.

Le Che Le

Le Che Le

Le Che Le, known as "Pulley Car", "Rollo Car" and "Ox Car" in ancient times, is an ancient means of transportation on the northern grassland. This kind of car has a small body, but its two wheels are very high, with a diameter of about one meter. It can be completely made of birch or elm wood, with no iron parts, simple structure and easy manufacture and maintenance. The whole car is generally divided into two parts: the lower foot and the upper foot. These wastes include wheels, spokes and axles. Wheels generally adopt hardwood cutting 12 rims, and the 12 rims are connected and fixed together to form a round wheel. Generally, there are about 36 spokes supporting the wheels. The upper leg consists of two shafts and a 10 automobile bracket. The shaft is about 4 meters long, and the 10 car bracket can be fixed in the middle. A Lele weighs about 100 kilograms, and can carry five or six hundred kilograms to more than one thousand kilograms.

traditional festival

the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year

Like the Han nationality, the Mongolians in China also celebrate the Spring Festival. They celebrate the Spring Festival, which is very grand. Years ago, I slaughtered pigs and sheep, bought sugar and wine, and made all kinds of milk food. In the new year, we will clean the house, put up New Year pictures, set off firecrackers, burn incense, wear new clothes, pay New Year greetings to each other, offer gifts, and organize cultural and sports activities collectively. In some agricultural areas, Lantern Festival shows such as playing with lights, swinging and walking on stilts. [24]

aobao festival

Erdun shisan' aobao

This is a grand festival for the Mongolian people. It comes from Tibetans. Tibetans often carve the six-character mantra on stones and put it in Shan Ye. Passers-by threw stones at them or piled them up into stone platforms, which gradually grew taller and inserted into them ... >>

What are the traditional Mongolian festivals? [National Day-Nadam], the seventh month of the Mongolian lunar calendar 1 1. Nadam means "game" or "entertainment" in Mongolian, which originally refers to Mongolia's long-standing "men's triathlon" (wrestling, horse racing and archery).

White Moon Festival, 1 day of the Mongolian lunar calendar, is equivalent to the Mongolian Spring Festival.

In the four seasons, 99 bowls of white horse milk are sacrificed to heaven on March 2 1 of the Mongolian lunar calendar.

Tesma Festival, Mongolian lunar calendar165438+10.3, processing pimps.

Fire sacrifice, 65438+February 24, Mongolian lunar calendar, sheep milk sacrifice fire.

Black Soulideth Festival, 12 once.

What are the customs in Inner Mongolia? Mongolians call themselves "Mongolia". The name "Mongolia" was recorded earlier in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty and the National Records of Qidan, meaning "the eternal fire". Nickname: "Man on horseback". The Mongolians originated in Huel Gong Valley and were called "Wumeng Stone Committee" and "Mongolia" in history.

There are about 10 million Mongolians in the world.

, customs taboo (1) etiquette.

Offering Hada: Hada is an essential item in Mongolian daily salute. Offering Hada is a courtesy used by Mongolian herdsmen in welcoming guests and daily communication. When offering Hada, the host held Hada with open hands, sang auspicious greetings or hymns, exaggerated the atmosphere of respect, and turned Hada's folded mouth to accept Hada's guests. Guests should stand up and face the toaster, listen attentively to the toast and accept the toast. When accepting Hada, the guest should lean forward slightly, and the person who offers Hada will hang Hada around the guest's neck. Guests should put their hands together on their chests to express their thanks to the people who presented Hada.

Tea service: When going to herdsmen's homes or tourist attractions, the host or waiter will give the guests a bowl of milk tea first. Guests should get up slightly and pick it up with their hands or right hands. Never pick it up with your left hand, or it will be considered impolite. When the host or waiter pours tea, if the guest doesn't want to drink tea, please gently touch the spoon or spout with the edge of the bowl, and the host will immediately understand the guest's intention. Offering tea to guests is a noble traditional Mongolian etiquette. In the history of Mongolia, whether it is a rich family or a poor family, whether it is an upper class or a common people, whether it is in communication or at home, on the road, or on all other occasions, tea is an entertainment. Tea is an indispensable treat when guests come home. Therefore, as usual, the herdsmen presented a bowl of milk tea to the guests, and then the host served fried rice and a bowl of cream, milk tofu and milk skin.

Toast: pouring wine is a traditional way for Mongolian people to treat their guests. They believe that wine is the essence of food and the crystallization of grain, and offering the most precious food is to express the respect and love of grassland herders for their guests. Usually, the host pours wine into a silver bowl, a gold cup or a horn cup, puts it on a long Hada and sings a touching traditional Mongolian toast song. If the guest refuses to drink, it will be regarded as contempt for the host and unwilling to treat the host sincerely. Guests should immediately catch the wine, dip their ring fingers in the wine and point to the direction of heaven, earth and stove to show their respect for heaven, earth and Vulcan. Don't be reluctant to drink, but touch your lips to show that you have accepted the pure friendship of your master. Then housewives dressed in national costumes bring fragrant milk wine to entertain guests, which is also the traditional etiquette of Mongolian people. The host will persuade the wine in poetic language: "The distant guests invite you to drink a cup of grassland wine, which is the essence of our national traditional food and the kindness and affection of our grassland people."

Sacrifice to God: There is a custom of offering sacrifices to God in Mongolian ceremonies and banquets. According to the Mongolian custom guide, the chef cut the sheep into nine equal portions of meat, "The first is heaven, the second is earth, the third is Buddha, the fourth is ghost, the fifth is man, the sixth is mountain, the seventh is grave, the eighth is land and water god, and the ninth is emperor". Sacrifice to heaven and throw meat on the yurt; Sacrificial land was thrown into the fire; Sacrifice Buddha statues in front of shrines; The ghost sacrifice is placed outside the bag; The mountain is hung on the branches of the sacred tree, and the grave is dedicated to the ancestors of this nation. Put it outside the bag, throw it into the river park to worship the water god, and finally sacrifice it to Genghis Khan and put it in front of the shrine. This custom can be traced back to ancient Shamanism, which worships many gods. Later, Lamaism, a Mongolian belief, absorbed its ancient folk beliefs and brought many gods into the track of Lamaism.

Hospitality: Mongolians have been known for their straightforward temperament and warm hospitality since ancient times. Be enthusiastic about visitors at home, whether they are regular customers or strangers. First of all, offer fragrant milk tea, and serve plates of snow-white milk skin and cheese. After drinking milk tea, the host will offer mellow milk wine and invite guests to drink koumiss in midsummer. In some areas, there are certain rules for entertaining guests with hand-grabbed meat. For example, eating with a pipa with four long tendons; Beef is served with a spine with half a rib and a fat sausage. Before or after marriage, the girl goes back to her mother's house to treat her with lamb breast. The calf bone, chin and neck meat of sheep are all for the younger generation and children. Receive distinguished guests or put a whole sheep mat on a festive day.

Respect for the old and love for the young: Mongolians have a sense of security for the old and respect for the old and love for the young. Go to the Mongolian herdsmen's house and greet the old people. Don't pass by the old man, don't sit in his superior position, and don't sit side by side with the old man without permission. When addressing the elderly, you should be called "you", and you are not allowed to be commensurate or call them by their first names. Seeing the children of herders ... >>