Why do you say "oil is the blood of industry"?

Oil is a treasure house, the main energy source in the world today and occupies a very important position in the national economy.

First of all, oil is the raw material of high-quality power fuel. Modern vehicles such as automobiles, diesel locomotives, airplanes and ships all use petroleum products-gasoline and diesel as power fuels; Emerging supersonic aircraft, missiles and rockets are also powered by advanced fuels extracted from oil. Petroleum is also a raw material for refining high-quality lubricating oil. The lubricating oil added to the joints of all rotating machinery is petroleum products.

Petroleum is also an important chemical raw material. Petrochemical plants can process more than 5,000 kinds of important organic synthetic raw materials from petroleum products. Ordinary synthetic fibers, such as polyester, nylon, acrylic fiber, polypropylene fiber, etc., are beautiful in color and durable; Synthetic rubber comparable to natural rubber; Aniline dyes, washing powder, saccharin, artificial leather, fertilizers, explosives and so on are all processed from petroleum products.

Petroleum can also be made into synthetic protein by microbial fermentation. It uses a wax-chewing bacterium that loves to eat paraffin. After eating paraffin, the wax-chewing bacteria in the oil will multiply at an alarming rate. Chewing wax fungus itself is rich in protein, and each kilogram of fungus contains protein equivalent to 20 eggs.

If half of the world's annual output of more than 3 billion tons of oil (about 10%) is made into protein, 65438+500 million tons of artificial protein can be made in one year, which is a very considerable artificial protein resource. Now, people have used wax-chewing bacteria as feed. In the near future, they will be used to make delicious and nutritious food and send it to the table.

Oil is full of treasures. Even petroleum coke and asphalt left over from oil refining are precious. Petroleum coke can be used as the electrode of steelmaking furnace, which can improve the output of steel; It can also be used as a raw material for making graphite. Asphalt can be used to make linoleum paper or pave roads. Oil is known as the "blood" of industry, and it deserves its name. The earth is rich in oil, which is estimated to exceed 100 billion tons, including about 70 billion tons in the ocean. Although people know what oil looks like, it is not easy to explore oil, because it is buried underground, and our ancestors have long summarized many valuable experiences in finding oil. The simplest way is to find the hiding place of oil by tracking the clues that oil comes out of the ground. For example, oil-bearing rocks are eroded out of the ground or the oil layer breaks, and oil flows out of the ground along the cracks, sometimes floating on the water surface to form a colorful film. This is oil seedling. When it is discovered, it can be tracked and tracked underground to find oil fields. Natural gas is often born with oil, so we can judge natural gas seedlings and look for oil by looking for bubbles in ponds, rivers or puddles.

oil production

Sometimes loose sand soaked in oil is found in some places, which is oil sands. If you find it, you can follow the trail to find oil. In addition, the oil deep underground rises to the surface along the rock cracks. After the light components volatilize, the remaining components gather into asphalt mounds. If you find it, there is hope of finding oil. In addition to these simple oil exploration methods, modern times also adopt advanced exploration technology, which can find oil quickly and accurately. These exploration methods include geophysical exploration, geochemical exploration and new remote sensing exploration. Especially after installing a remote sensor on an artificial earth satellite, oil can be explored in a large area through long-distance photography and computer data processing.

Man has a long history of discovering and utilizing oil.

The working people in our country began to use oil as early as 3000 years ago, and the use of oil was recorded in the ancient book Yijing. More than 2,000 years ago, China exploited oil as fuel and lubricant. By 1 1 century, China had drilled the first batch of oil wells, refined crude oil product-"jojo oil", and processed other petroleum products (such as carbon black, paraffin wax, asphalt, etc. ).

Shen Kuo, a famous scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, used the scientific term "oil" for the first time in his masterpiece "Talk about Meng Xi". Before this, people called oil paraffin oil, stone paint and so on. Shen Kuo also put forward the scientific theory and forecast of petroleum living environment and development prospect.

At present, there are different debates on whether the reserves of conventional energy resources are limited in the world. Some scientists even think that the reserves of oil and natural gas are infinite, which poses a severe challenge to the traditional concept that oil is formed by organic matter. This part of scientists put forward the theory of inorganic oil generation. They believe that hydrocarbons can be produced in the depths of the mantle and rise periodically along the cracks; It accumulates not only in sedimentary rocks, but also in magmatic rocks and porous volcanic rocks. In order to prove the theory of inorganic oil formation, some scientists synthesized oil by simulating the conditions in the deep mantle in the laboratory. In addition, substances similar to oil and combustible gases have also been found on inanimate space stars. This seems to prove that the inorganic oil generation theory is not groundless. It is predicted that the theory of inorganic oil generation will be an important basis for the development of energy science and technology in the future. If this theory is verified, the oil and gas resources in the next 30 to 60 years will not be exhausted as predicted by some people, but will serve mankind for a longer time. In addition, with the progress of science and technology, energy exploration technology is increasingly developed, which makes people's exploration reserves of energy resources increase year by year.

Recently, the United States discovered "fresh" oil in the submarine basin in the Gulf of California, which is only three or four thousand years old. It was identified by scientists with advanced radioactive carbon-14 method, and its "age" was 4,240 years old, among which the youngest oil was only 500 years old. These "fresh" oils are produced under the shallow sea basin, and the surrounding sediments are half a kilometer thick. Although they have no oil storage conditions and no exploitation value, their efficient conversion process provides an excellent sample for scientists to study oil generation.

With the development of modern industry, the requirements of human society for energy quality are constantly improving, and oil still plays an important role in the world energy structure. Especially in the process of industrialization all over the world, oil as a high-quality energy has been given priority. At present, oil accounts for 48% of the world's total energy consumption, and will still account for 40% in 2000. The world oil production industry has a history of 100 years. Before 1980s, the world oil output was rising continuously, reaching the peak of 3.2 billion tons in 1979. In recent years, world oil production has declined. From 1982 to 1985, the average annual output is about 2.8 billion tons. 193 The world oil output reached 2981000000 tons, which was 0.6% lower than that of192.

Before 1973, some industrialized countries used cheap oil to support rapid economic development. The first world oil crisis broke out in 1973. The sharp rise in oil prices has greatly stimulated the development of world oil exploration and development. 1979 The second world oil crisis occurred, and the world oil price rose again. The rise in oil prices has promoted the increase in oil production. Since 1986, there has been a worldwide oil price crash, which has dealt a great blow to the oil exploration and exploitation industry. First of all, the oil exploration industry has become sluggish, leading to a sharp decline in newly discovered oil and natural gas reserves.

At present, there are12,500 oil fields in the world, of which super-giant and giant oil fields only account for 2.9% of the total oil fields, but the sum of their reserves accounts for 80% of the total reserves in the world.

1993 China's crude oil output ranked fifth in the world. The top ten countries in the world are: Saudi Arabia with 399.07 million tons; 392.2 million tons of cis; 344.8 million tons in the United States; Iran 1.82 billion tons; China144.77 million tons; Mexico133170,000 tons; Venezuela116.59 million tons; Norway112.37 million tons; UAE 10946 million tons; 94.79 million tons in Nigeria.