Briefly describe the contributions of the Yellow Emperor and his men to Chinese civilization

According to Chinese history books, he unified the Chinese tribes after Emperor Yan. He built his capitals in Qufu, Xinzheng and Zhuo Lu. He projected the calendar; taught the people to sow grains; developed writing; made the stem and branch, made musical instruments and created medicine. Chronology: The emperor made Daxue to make Azi, ten heavenly stems with twelve earthly branches to chronicle the time along with the present-day lunar calendar (Azi, Buchou to Kuihai, *** ten years as a cycle), i.e. Taoism's Sixty Elements of the Day.

Mathematics: The first of the scribes made the number, and set the system of weights and measures.

The army: the wind after the diffraction of the strange figure, the beginning of the system of formation.

Music: Linglun took bamboo from the valley and made it into a pipe, and decided on the five tones and twelve rhythms.

Clothing: Rayon, the first woman to raise silkworms to make clothes.

Medicine: Discussed with Qibo about the pathology of diseases, and made the Neijing (Internal Canon).

Text: Cangjie began to produce text, with the method of the six books.

Casting: the copper of Shushan (five miles south of Xiangcheng County, Henan Province) was taken to make money.

Other: the invention of boats, vehicles, bows, vectors, houses, and so on.

Xushui "kettle mountain" examination

Xushui Kettle Mountain, the shape of the mountain like a kettle, commonly known as the top of the pot of the mountain, is located in Xushui County, 22.5 kilometers northwest of the city. West, north and south of the mountain is steeper, the east slope is slower, northwest - southeast direction, an area of about 2 square kilometers, 290 meters above sea level. There are many relics on the mountain, there are Xuan Yuan Huangdi Temple base site, enclosure base site, Huangdi Taiwan, Huangdi spring, ancient wells, ancient monuments, etc., barren grass bleak, the remnants of the curved wall, three pieces of damaged monuments standing on the top of the mountain, seems to be waiting for people to reveal its age and origin; halfway up the mountainside, a huge stone protruding, rumored to be the Huangdi Taiwan, the Huangdi Taiwan, Huangdi spring.

There are four villages under Busan all named after Busan, namely South Busan, North Busan, East Busan, and West Busan. The population of Busan Township is nearly 10,000 people and 80% of them live in Busan Village.

Historical references Xu Shui old name An Su, according to the Qing "An Su County Records", Republic of China "Xu Shui County New Records" (Ming Xiu, Republic of China thirty-two years engraved volume 10 "Chronicle"), Xuan Yuan Huang Di had toured the party to ask the custom, to kill Chiyu in the field of Zhuo Deer, boarding the Busan will be the lords, and Fu show the letter to the Xu Shui; the "Zi Zhi Tongjian" also indicates that the Yellow Emperor Fu! Busan for Wu Sui (Xushui Suicheng old name) of the Busan; another according to the "Tong Jian Codification" note: Busan in Ansu County ("Yan Huang Hui Dian?6?1 Fang Zhi Volume"); and according to the "Dictionary" (Shanghai Rhetoric Publishing House, published in 1980, P1496) said: "Hep Fu Taiwan in Xushui Busan.

Archaeological findings at present, has been archaeologically found in Xushui County in various periods of the ancient cultural remains of up to 46, and in the era of no big missing links. 1986, the second national cultural relics census, in the Busan surrounding the discovery of a number of ancient cultural heritage sites, "Xushui cultural relics," "Xushui cultural heritage," Xushui literary and historical materials are included in this, and the county cultural relics census archive was set up by the county cultural relics protection institute.

In May 1986, about 10 kilometers east of Busan, north of the village of Nanzhuangtou, found a site of ancient culture. 1987 August, the Department of Archaeology of Peking University, the Nanzhuangtou site of the test excavations, that the site "under the cultural layer of the age of about 9,700-10,500 years from the present, is one of the earliest known Neolithic site in China. The earliest known human cultural remains of the Neolithic, filling the gap between the late Paleolithic culture and the Neolithic culture in the north of China, and also providing valuable stratigraphic sections for the study of the Holocene climatic environment in the north of China."

The site of Nanzhuangtou is located at the center of the Peking University.

The Yangshao and Longshan culture sites such as Wencun, Jinjiamou, Suicheng, and Cascade River found around Busan belong to the middle and late Neolithic culture sites, which are 5,000 years old, roughly equivalent to the age of the Yellow Emperor.

The 5000-year-old pottery kettles and red-topped bowls unearthed around Busan prove that the pottery-making process during the Yellow Emperor period had reached a considerable level. Once the inventions of that time, such as sericulture and clothing production, writing, music, legal calendars, and boats and vehicles, are confirmed here, Busan and the surrounding area will be of great historical significance.

Historical GeographyIn 1975, Mr. Tan Qichang, a historical geographer who is known as the "Cultural God", found out the old course of the Yellow River in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" - "Shanjinghe", the old course of the Yellow River, where the flow of the Yellow River can be verified. Mr. Tan Qichang, a historical geographer in "Shanhaijing", found out the "Shanjing River", the old course of the Yellow River, which can be traced through the river. "Shanjing River" out of Mengjin Xiaolangdi along the east foot of the Taihang Mountains to the northeast, through the present day Anyang, Handan, through Shenzhou, Goyang, Xushui, through Anxin, Bazhou, flowing east to the north of Tianjin into the Bohai Sea. The "Mountain by River" flow chart shows that the old course of the Yellow River once made a sharp turn of nearly 90 degrees at the foot of the Busan Mountain in Xushui and turned eastward, leaving us many historical relics. 1985-1986 cultural relics census confirmed that cultural sites of various periods are almost all over Busan. neighborhood, i.e., along the ancient Hwanghwang River homeland. "Busan Hapu" should be a Yellow River cultural phenomenon.

Folklore Legends About Busan Hapu, there are many folklore stories circulating in Busan and the surrounding areas. Former Xushui County CPPCC Vice Chairman Jin Fengyun edited the "Scenic Xushui King more strange" contains folk tales about Busan; Xushui village sage, Dawangdian West Street retired workers, Mr. Yang Zhonglin had a collection of locally circulated folk tales written into the "Busan Yang and the surrounding anecdotal records," a book, a large part of which are related to the Emperor, the Yellow Emperor, Chi You and other ancient tribal chiefs.

"Beanshed melon shelf rain like silk." People for generations of oral tradition about the ancient history and culture of folklore, hidden vague historical projection. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor in Busan before the charm, first after the Battle of the Hanchen conquered Yan Di, and in Busan west side of the village of Beihe and Yan Di handshake, so far the village side of Beihe still have the remains of Beihe Terrace; and then through the Battle of Zhuo Lu captured and killed Chiyu, Chiyu remnants of the collection, the southeast of Busan, there is a red clay mountain rumored to be the "Chiyu Mound".

Conclusion

The investigation of Busan is basically complete, Xushui, Hebei, Busan can be described as "the shape of the mountain, the place has its name, history is contained, some evidence, people have recited," stand up to scrutiny and verification. A large amount of information confirms that Busan is unique, Xushui Busan and the surrounding area is the main activity area of the Yellow Emperor and his descendants. Busan Hapu laid the initial foundation for the unification of China and the integration of the Chinese nation, which is a cultural phenomenon of the ancient Yellow River. The Hapu culture, as the embryonic idea of the great unification of the Chinese nation, is a precious historical and cultural heritage.

On May 29-30, 2008, the "Yellow River 6.1 Busan Historical and Cultural Symposium" was held in Hebei Xushui Dawu Group. Prof. Li Boqian, director of the Research Center of Ancient Civilization of Chinese Archaeology and dean of the School of Archaeology and Letters and Museums of Peking University, Prof. Yuan Sixun, a nationally renowned expert in scientific and technological archaeology and professor of the School of Archaeology and Letters and Museums of Peking University, and Prof. Zhang Yufan, director of the Ancient Books Office of the Library of Peking University, as well as archaeologists from Baoding and members of the Xushui Busan Culture Research Association attended the symposium.

Peking University Li Boqian and Professor Yuan Sixun inscribed Busan Culture Research Association:

Explore the mystery of history, promote traditional culture, and make new contributions to the construction of advanced socialist civilization. --Lee Poh-chim

Promote Busan's historical and cultural heritage. --Won Si-Sun

Editing the Merits of the Yellow Emperor

Spiritual Civilization

Invention of the calendar, astronomy, yin and yang, the five elements, the twelve signs of the Zodiac, the A-Zi chronology, writing, painting, book writing, music and rhythm, musical instruments, medicine, rituals, marriages and funerals, coffins and outer shells, graves, tripods, altars, shrines, and divination.

Political Civilization

Establishment of the ancient state system: delineation of the field and division of boundaries, eight families for a well, three wells for a neighbor, three neighbors for a friend, three friends for a mile, five miles for a euphony, ten euphonies for the capital, ten capitals for a division, ten divisions for the state, the whole country*** divided into nine states; the establishment of the official duties, the placement of the left and right Daiguan, supervised by the ten thousand countries, set up the three dukes, the three lesser, the four auxiliaries, the four histories, the six phases, the nine virtues (official name)**** 120 Officials managed the country. Officials at all levels put forward "six ban heavy", "heavy" is the meaning of excessive, that is, "sound ban heavy, color ban heavy, clothing ban heavy, incense ban heavy, taste ban heavy, room ban heavy", requiring officials to section simple and plain It is a requirement for officials to be simple and simple, and to oppose extravagance. It was proposed that the state should be ruled by virtue, "cultivating virtue and revitalizing the army", and "virtue" should be used to give the whole world, cultivate virtue together, but benevolence is the line, cultivate virtue and establish righteousness, especially the establishment of the "Minister of Nine Virtues" to teach the people the nine virtues of filial piety, charity, literature, faith, speech and language, and to teach the people the nine virtues of filial piety, charity, literature, faith and speech. In particular, the "Minister of Nine Virtues" was set up to teach the people the nine virtues, namely filial piety, compassion, literature, faith, speech, respect, loyalty, courage and righteousness, and to carry out ideological and moral construction. In the use of talents, the government visited, chose and appointed the wise and capable, and utilized them according to their talents. The implementation of the rule of law, set up the "rituals and laws", "the rule of law and unchanged", the order of Li Mo as a judge, after the earth as a prison officer, the heavy offenders sentenced to loss, the most serious crimes sentenced to beheading, and so on.

Material civilization

History records that the Yellow Emperor had many creative inventions in agricultural production, the main one of which was the implementation of the mu system. Before the Yellow Emperor, the field is boundless, countless farming, the Yellow Emperor to step mu, in order to prevent disputes, the national land re-division, delineated into the word "well", the middle of a piece of "public acres", owned by the government, surrounded by eight pieces of "private fields The eight pieces of land around it were "private land", which were jointly planted by eight families and the harvests were paid to the government, and wells were dug through the soil. Farming system, timely sowing of grains, the invention of mortar and pestle, the opening of gardens, beds, planting fruits, trees and vegetables, mulberry silkworms, breeding animals and birds, grazing and so on. As for sewing and weaving, they invented the loom, weaved, and made clothes, shoes, hats, tents, felt, gun clothes, furs, Chinese covers, armor, flags, and helmets. In ceramics, they made bowls, plates, cauldrons, cauldrons, dishes, pots, stoves, and so on. In smelting, copper was smelted and copper tripods, swords, coins, gongs, choshi, bronze mirrors, bells, and cannons were manufactured. Architecture, the construction of palaces, Luangtang, court, Mingtang, Guan, Pavilion, Castle, building, door, steps, silkworm room, ancestral temple, Yu Fang Palace and so on. Transportation, the manufacture of oars, cars, guide cars, drums and cars. In terms of armaments, they manufactured swords, guns, bows, crossbows, six banners, flags, five-sided flags, horns, drums, soldier's symbols, ladders, scaffolds, cannons, swords, and archery weapons, and so on. In daily life, cooked food, porridge, rice, wine, meat, weighing ruler, bucket, rules, ink and ink stone, several cases, felt, chandelier, seal, beads, lamp, bed, mat, cu leather ball, etc..

Chi and the Yellow Emperor's war

Chi and the Yellow Emperor's war, see, there are three kinds of statements: one said that the Yellow Emperor won the Emperor, and then win Chi and consolidate the position of the emperor, the Yellow Emperor and the Chi war seems to be the Yellow Emperor and the war of the aftermath of the war; another said Chi expelled Chi (that is, Emperor Yan), the Red Emperor appealed to the Yellow Emperor, the two emperors joined forces to kill Chiyu in the Ji; the third said that Chiyu for the soldiers attacked the Yellow Emperor, defeated and killed.

The first statement, such as the Han Dynasty "Historical Records - Five Emperors," said: "Xuanyuan is to repair the German Zhenbing, the rule of five gas, art of five kinds of art, caressing the people, the degree of the Quartet, teaching the bear warriors Pixi [] tiger to fight with the Emperor of Yan Di in the field of the Hanking Springs. Three wars and then get its will. Chiyu rebellion, do not use the emperor's order. Is yellow emperor is levy division vassal, and ChiYu war in ZhuoLu of the wild, then attached to kill ChiYu ". Tai shi gong said yellow emperor name xuan yuan, country number have bear xuan yuan meant for car, should be refers to the invention of the production of car technology and the name of the clan and its chief, such as the invention of the production of farming tools technology called god nong's, the invention of the production of fishing tools technology and called volksworth, invention of the drilling and flint fire technology called flint man's then. The name of the state of Ursus. At that time, the "country", in fact, for the tribe. Bear, brown bear, pi, brave, [], tiger for the six beasts name, should be a bear tribe in the name of the six clans, or totem. 阪泉, water name, in Yanqing County, Beijing. Zhuo Lu, the name of the mountain, in today's Zhuo Lu County, Hebei Province, is not far away from the Hanquan.

The second statement is found in the Zhou Dynasty "Yi Zhou Shu - taste wheat solution", is also the history of the earliest appearance of the records about the Yellow Emperor: "Chi You is expelled from the emperor, fight in Zhuo Lu of the A, the nine corners of the world without abandonment, the Red Emperor is greatly deterred. Is said in the yellow emperor, the executive Chi You, killed in the Ji". The land of Guangping is said to be A. The battle took place in the open area under the Zhuo Lu Mountain, the corner refers to the corner, "nine" means more, not limited to the specific number of eight plus one. "Nine corners are not left behind" means that Chi You expelled the Red Emperor (i.e. Yan Di) tribe without leaving any leftovers. Jiji refers to the Central Jizhou. "Er Ya - interpretation of the land": "between the two rivers is said to be Jizhou". Guo Pu note: "from the East River to the West River". At that time, the yellow river into the sea is called the east river, the river to the south of the river loop is called the west river. "Zhouli - job square" record: "is north said and state", today's Shanxi Taiyuan, Hebei Zhengding Baoding belongs to; "northeast said you state", today's Beijing belongs to. Ancient Jizhou is located in the south of Yu, and, land in today's southwestern Shanxi and southwestern Hebei. Legend has it that Chiyu was killed, in today's Shanxi Yuncheng Xiezhou.

The third statement, such as the Warring States period to the Han Dynasty, "Mountains and Seas Classic - the Great Desert North Classic": "Chi You made soldiers to attack the Yellow Emperor. Yellow Emperor was made Yinglong attacked the wild Jizhou. Yinglong animal water. Chiyu please wind and rain division vertical storm. The yellow emperor is under the heavenly female said drought, rain stops, so kill Chiyu". The wind and rain division is farming Chiyou tribes specializing in meteorological sorcerer, after the agricultural weather God, set up a temple, year by year words. Han Fei Zi - ten over" said: "the former Yellow Emperor Minamata ghosts and gods on Mount Tai above ...... Chiyu in front of the wind into the sweep, the rain division sprinkler Road", reflecting the wind and rain division and Chiyu tribal close relationship, because the agricultural tribal production of the Ministry of the harvest is indistinguishable from the wind and rain.

Three say who is, today there is no examination of the possibility and necessity. For this kind of Shanghai passed thousands of years before being recorded in the prehistory of the legend, historians focus on the focus of the history of the shadow through; and ethnographers are concerned about the problem, the legend reflects the type of clan, cultural characteristics and its formation and the process of diffusion.