Hongshi

(1) The Hongshi family comes from Shennong, the ancient Yandi, and is a descendant of * * *.

In ancient times, there was a worker. The history book says: "Work, human face, snake body, all kinds of laws." According to Yuan He Shi Bian and Shang Shu, * * * workers have been in the position of managing water conservancy in the world since the era of the Yellow Emperor, and are regarded as water gods. Zhuan Xu emperor, * * workers arise and fight for the world, after the failure, in a rage, pushed down the island that supports heaven and earth. In Dayu, * * * Gong became unfaithful again. After Dayu suppressed them, he was expelled from the Central Plains. The descendants of * * * workers are to avoid making enemies, and the second is to let future generations not forget that they are descendants of the water god. So, they added three drops of water next to the surname "* * *" and changed their surname to Hong.

(2) Hong is a descendant of * * * countries.

According to "A Brief History of Clans", there was a * * * country in the Western Zhou Dynasty (the old city is now Huixian County, Henan Province) called * * * Bo. During the Spring and Autumn Period, * * * was destroyed by Wei. Children and grandchildren take * * * as their surname, and then add water to make floods.

③ Houhong is (namely Xuanyuan).

According to the records in the History of Taoism, there was a surname Hong (Xuanyuan) later.

(4) Hou Hong was named Yang Hou.

In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Wenwang's illegitimate son, Boqiao, was named as the marquis of Yang. Yang Houguo, whose capital is Hongdong (now Hongdong County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province), is also called Hongdong Country, and later generations take the country as their surname.

(5) Hong (Hong) changed his surname to Hong.

1. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Wendi was named Tuoba Hong and Emperor Xiaowen was named Justin in the Northern Wei Dynasty. At that time, Beihong (Hong) was changed to Hong.

2. According to the textual research of hundreds of surnames, in order to avoid Tang Lihong's anonymity, both Yu surname and Changzhou Hong surname were changed to Hong surname.

3. According to the Book of the Origin of Surnames, Liu Hongchang and Wei Liu changed their names in the Five Dynasties to avoid their father's anonymity.

(6) Changing surnames of other nationalities.

After Aisingiorro, JJ Hpmg and Qing Dynasty, Manchu Eight Banners changed their surnames to Hong in whole or in part. Yugur, Han Hong.

(7) There is a Hong surname among the ethnic minorities.

We Manchu, Korean, Mongolian, Zhuang, Tujia and other ethnic groups all have the surname Hong.

(8) Name change: from Weng He, a native of Putian, Fujian Province in the late Tang Dynasty and the period of Min State, with five generations of grandchildren. Belong to the elders and give the surname as the surname. Changing the surname Weng from chaos is another source of Hong's family. Weng surname is a branch of Ji surname. According to Yuan He's compilation and records, in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the descendants of the Wang Zhao branch were sealed in Wengshan (now the east of Dinghai County, Zhejiang Province), and later took the city name "Weng" as their surname. During the period of Tang Dezong, a branch of Weng's family, He Gong, entered Pupu from the Central Plains, and Buju Puyang Xingfuli (now North Gaozhu Village in Putian) was the ancestor, which was introduced into the fifth generation and gave birth to Weng Gan. In Fujian (936), Weng Gan paid a visit to the doctor, married Chen, and gave birth to six sons, named Hong, Jiang, Weng, Fang, Gong and Wang, all of whom were Jinshi, and were called "Fang" in history. The eldest son is thick, and the word "bo" starts. He was a scholar in the first year, and he was a minister of rites, and later changed his surname to Hong. The second son, Gong Chu, the word Bo Qian, was a scholar in the second year of Yongxi, Song Taizong, and the official worshipped the state's Facao; Sanzi is changeable, and the word is "Jane". In the first year of Stegosaurus in Song Taizu, he was listed as a scholar with his eldest brother, and he was a second lieutenant in Jiannan. The fourth son lived in the park, with the word "Ji". He was a scholar in Kaibao for six years, and the official was Cao Chang. The fifth son is honest, with the word "Job". Song Taizu Kaibao has been in the same column as the four brothers for six years, and the official is in Dali, supervising the empire; Six sons retire, and the word "Bo Rong". In the second year, Song Yongxi was listed as a scholar with his second brother, and the official worshipped the court and scattered the lang, and the few States passed the sentence. These six brothers are listed as Jinshi, and their status is very noble, and they have the reputation of "six parties".

Most Han people think that they are descendants of the ancient Yandi Shennong and workers. Legend has it that during Yu Shun's reign, * * * workers were exiled to Youzhou (now Liaoyang City, Liaodong Peninsula). During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the descendants of * * * workers have entered the Central Plains one after another. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were two fiefs of the surname Hong (namely, the * * country of * * Bo and the Hongdong country of Yanghou), which were located in Huixian, Henan and Hongdong, Shanxi respectively. It can be seen that flood was active in Liaoning, Henan, Shanxi and other places during this period. By the Han Dynasty, the surname Hong had spread to Hebei, Henan, Anhui and other places. During the reign of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty (168 ~ 189), * * * was a subordinate historian of Changle. At that time, eunuch Cao Jie was authoritarian and killed Zhongliang. * * * Pupu was afraid that the party struggle would be implicated and endanger his life, so he abandoned his official position to avoid hatred, retired and changed his surname and moved to Dunhuang. Hongpu developed into a prominent family in Dunhuang, with Dunhuang as the county government and Hongpu as the ancestor. During the Three Kingdoms period, Hong Ju was the satrap of Lujiang River in Wu Dong (now Anhui Province). Hong Ju was born in Xuancheng (now Dingcheng, Anhui). "Xuanchengji" says: "At that time, Wu was in Luling County, with a bow on his back. When you get rid of people, you will beg and point to the bow cloud: nothing, Tuer. " It can be seen that during the Three Kingdoms period, Dingcheng, Anhui Province was already an important settlement for people with Hong surname. Therefore, Xuancheng has become another important county of Hongjia.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, a large number of members of the Hongshi clan in the Central Plains went south and entered Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian and other places. In the second year of Tang Dynasty (669), Zheng Chen entered Fujian, Hong Youdao and other soldiers from Gushi, Henan Province, followed Zheng Chen into Fujian, and then settled in Zhang Quan, Fujian. This is the first person named Hong who entered Fujian.

When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (7 12 ~ 756), he changed his surname to Hong. A Textual Research on Hong Family: (Nanchang, Jiangxi) The family background of Hong was changed from Tang Ming Emperor to Hong Zhang Yu, and Hong joined the family, which made Hong form three lineages: Dunhuang, Xuancheng and Zhang Yu. During the period of (780 ~ 805), Hongcha, Changzhou, Jiangsu, changed her surname to "Hongshi".

According to the "Compilation of Surnames", it is recorded that: "Piling supervisor is Hongsha, a native of Changzhou, whose surname is Hongye, and he changed his surname to Hongshi from filial piety; Have children and live with others; Give birth to the economy and advise the doctor. " At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Jingdun, another family named Hong, who lived in Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Wuyuan, Anhui), moved to the east of Leping in Raozhou (now Raozhou, Jiangxi) and changed his surname to Hong. This Hong family has also become a Hong family.

In the seventh year of Zhenyuan (79 1), the fifth Sun Honggui (word Dading) in Qianhantou Village, Jiuji Town, Putian County, Fujian Province, was demoted as the secretariat of Chaoshan, and later settled in Guishan, Chaoyang, and then moved to Jiading, becoming the founder of Hongchuichao. According to the genealogy of the Hong family in Chaozhou, the descendants of Hong Gui are distributed in Chaoshan (including Hailufeng) 12 counties and cities and 170 villages, with a total population of more than 200,000.

During the Ganning period (897), when Wang Chao entered Fujian, Hong and other soldiers from Gushi, Henan Province entered Fujian with the army. According to the genealogy records of Hong family in Yinglin, Jinjiang, its ancestor Hong Gudan entered Fujian with Wang Chao and Wang from Gushi, Gwangju, Henan Province, and moved to Yinglin Village, the fourteenth capital outside the south gate of Jinyi after three moves. According to Huang Jingdun's Genealogy of Hong Family in Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province, Tang Gudan is the third son of Hong, and the fourteenth generation is Shiro. In the second year of Zhonghe (882), he served as Senator Wang Xu, and in the fifth year of Zhonghe, he took two sons south. In the second year of Guangqi (886), Wang Chao was stationed in Wurongquan Mountain, and in the second year of Jingfu (893), he hailed Wang Shenzhi's conquest of Fuzhou. After three moves, he moved to Yinglin, Jinjiang. Their descendants mainly live in Yinglin in Jinjiang and dozens of villages around Yinglin, and spread to Licheng, Nan 'an, Hui 'an, Anxi, Dehua, Yongchun and Tongan in Xiamen, as well as Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Southeast Asia.

At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, a Hong surname in Leping, Jiangxi moved to Ninghua, Fujian, and later two branches were formed, one moved to Tangtian, Haiyang, Guangdong, and the other moved to Jiaying (now Meizhou). The family moved to Fengshun Buxin, and later moved to Shikeng Yuping, Meixian District, Meizhou City (Feng Guisheng was the founder). At the same time, there is a special rising Hong family in Fujian, known as the "Six Party". This Hong family was changed from Weng's surname. In the first year of Qianlong (960), Weng Gan, who was a doctor in the Southern Tang Dynasty (898-95 1), took six sons, renamed them Hong, Jiang, Weng, Fang, Gong and Wang, and fled for refuge. Later, all six sons were admitted to the imperial examination in the early Northern Song Dynasty, which was the story of "six scholars in three subjects". The eldest son, Weng Hou, is called Bo, whose family name is Dunhuang, and his surname is Hong. He was a scholar in the first year (960), and was named a doctor. He was also a pillar of the temple and was given a fish bag. His descendants took Hong as their surname. Therefore, some of the Redstone people take "Liugui" as the hall number. There are different opinions about whether there are six sons changing their surnames in Wenggan. Some people doubt not only Weng's surname, but also Hong's surname. They think that "Liu Guitang" is just a friendship, not a clan.

In the first year of Ganxing (1022), Hong Ren, who lives in Wuxian County, Suzhou, became the magistrate of Changtai, Zhangzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province, and moved to Changtai with his family. According to The Origin of Hundreds of Surnames in Taiwan Province Province, Hong Ren is a descendant of Hongpu in Dunhuang in the Western Regions. After Hong Puyuan moved to Dunhuang in the Western Regions, in the Song Dynasty, his descendant Hong returned to the Central Plains and moved to Wuxian, Suzhou. After Hong Ren entered Fujian as the magistrate of Changtai County, his descendant Hong Yuanzhang moved to Zhangpu, the ancestor of Chetian Xia Ying. Its descendants are found in Linxia Village, Jiuhu, Longhai City and Linnei Road Society, Shan Zhi Town, Xiangcheng District. A group of red Miao people, distributed in Zhangzhou, Longhai, Zhangpu, Dongshan, Guangdong and overseas.

From the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Sun Hezhong, the 40th descendant of Hongpu, entered Fujian from Leping, Jiangxi, and lived in Xiamen, Tong 'an and Jinjiang successively. During the Jian Yan period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127 ~1130), Jiao Hong became a fu cheng in Fuzhou and served as a doctor. In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1 140), Hongdao, the second son of Jiao Hong, lived in seclusion in Xiaoteng Houtoubao Society in Tongan due to war. Its descendants are divided into Window East, Caipu, Lianhu and Jinmen, commonly known as Xia Hong and Sanhong. In the third year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 129), Hong Hao was appointed as the official of the Yi Hui Pavilion and sent to the State of Jin under the guise of the Ministry of Rites. Kim's going or not? Hong Hao (1088 ~ 1 155), a native of Hongyuan, Jinshan Township, Leping County, Jiangxi Province (according to some data, Hong Hao actually moved to Wuchang, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, and set up a special Hongshi Culture Research Office in Wuchang Village), Hongpu's 40th grandson, entered politics in the fifth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (665). Hong Hao was unyielding in Jin 15, and did not return until Shaoxing 13th year (1 143). He is called "Su Wu of the Song Dynasty". Hong Hao has three sons: the eldest son, Shi Hong, was the minister of Shaoxing Prefecture and eastern Zhejiang Province; Hong Zun, the second son, and Hong Mai, the third son, were both honored as "Three Floods" and "Three Ruins". In the spring of the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Wan Qian sent an envoy to make peace, with Hong Mai as his companion. So, Hong Mai, in the name of Hanlin Bachelor, went to Xu Jinguo as Xu Jinguo's special envoy. The Jin people forced him to call it the "Accompanying Minister" ceremony (the vassal's doctor appeared before the emperor and claimed to be accompanying the minister), but he resolutely refused, so he was detained by the Jin people. He is as loyal to his motherland as his father Hong Hao, and is called "father and son loyal minister". Therefore, the descendants of the Hong family took "Shuangzhong" as the Tang name to commemorate their ancestors. In the first year of Longxing (1 163), Hong Mo, the son of Hong Zun, went to Quanzhou, Fujian with his uncle Jin Hong and his brother. Hong Mo led his sons Hong Jia and Hong Xin to live in yutou village, Jinjiang; A son moved to the foot of Shigu Mountain in Nan 'an (now Gushan Village in Shijing Town). In the second year of trunk road (1 166), Hong Mai was known to Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi), and then to Ganzhou (now Ganzhou, Jiangxi), and soon moved to Jianning House (now Jianou, Fujian). In the same year, Bu Zhi, the second son of Hong Mai, lived in Baipu Village, Tongan, the 13th capital of Li Xiangfeng (namely Hongcuo Village, Xindian Town). In the second year of Jing Yan (1277), Hong Qingxi, the eldest son of Shi Hong and the son of Hong Quan, became the magistrate and moved from Sheshan Township, Leping County, Jiangxi Province to Tongan, Fujian Province. Its descendants are divided into Stone, Xiting, Xiaban and Silkworm Mouth. Hong Jie, the second son of Shihong, is divided into Shishi Longdong Village and other villages. It can be said that the Hong family in Leping, Jiangxi Province entered Fujian on a large scale with its prominent prestige and status, which laid a good foundation for the development of the Hong family in Fujian. Its descendants are all over Bamin.

At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Qing army made Chen Shunzhai, a descendant of Chen, and his son Chen Wenzhai enter the British capital to avoid the pursuit of the Yuan soldiers. Chen Wenzhai was married to Hong's family and gave birth to Liang Zhai, taking her mother's surname as Hong. Chen Wenzhai's wife Hong is a descendant of Hong Quan's grandson Hong Tianxi. Hong Tianxi's son, Hong, took refuge in his only daughter and moved to Yingshan from Shizhu anonymously. After Chen Wenzhai entered Hong's home, his son changed his surname to Hong, and he became the self-supporting hall named "Wengshan". According to the genealogy of Wurongweng mountain torrents in the first year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1488), "My ancestor was Chen, who moved to Yingshan for refuge, and his second ancestor was raised by his wife in Hong Men, and his third ancestor's Liang residence was changed from his mother's surname to Hong's. Since then, his descendants have thrived and the melons have been preserved. In view of the change of surname, the ancestors did not take' Yingchuan' or' Dunhuang' as the hall name, but named it after the land. Nan' an once set up Wurongzhou and established its own hall name' Wurongwengshan'. "The descendants of Hongliangzhai are distributed in Du Ying 10 villages. The Hongshi family in Xihua, Fengzhou moved in from Hongdong, Shishi River. Fengzhou Xianhe Hongcuo rose from Yutou, Jinjiang and moved in. Shijing Jingxian, Juedou, Qian Ying, Fengzhou Wobing, Shuitou Oil Garden, Dong Tian Guantian and other Hongshi families all came from Yinglin, Jinjiang.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shanxi Hongshi, as one of the surnames of people who moved to Sophora japonica in Hongdong, moved to Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Hubei, Jiangsu and other places. At the same time, people surnamed Hong in southern Fujian also migrated to all parts of the province and outside the province. Hong Rifang of Huamei Hongshi moved to Jingyang, Fuqing County; The descendants of Hongshan Red in the dock migrated to Huangsha and Jintian in Xianyou, Fujian, and Pingyang Wharf in Zhejiang. Some descendants of Du Yingdong's Shanfang and Dongfang moved to Tangpo and Fuqing Estuary in Pingyang, Zhejiang. The descendants of Fengzhou Hongcuo moved to Longtian and Fuqing.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, people named Hong from Fujian and Guangdong coastal areas began to migrate to Taiwan Province. According to relevant records, during the Yongzheng period (1723 ~ 1735), Hong Zhaoyuan, a platoon leader from Banlongbaochetian, Zhangpu County, Zhangzhou District, Fujian Province, led his troops to colonize the counties and villages between Maoluoxi, a tributary of Taiwan Province Wuxi, and Baguatai. In the early years of Qianlong, brothers Hong Erzhi, Hong Qingtan, Hong Kuankuan and Hong from Tongbanlong Garage crossed Maoluoxi East and entered the Taiwan Province Beitoushe Hunting Ground, where they lived in Xiaqilao and Shizipuzai villages respectively. Since then, during the Qianlong and Jiaqing years, the Hongs of Zhangpu have successively entered Taiwan. The Hong family formed a big family in Caotun, Taiwan Province. In the fourth year of Qing Daoguang (1824), the ancestral temple of Minnan traditional quadrangle was built in Caotun. The existing ancestral halls are Dunhuang Hall, Hongshi Ancestral Hall, Dunlun Hall and Duncheng Hall, which were built in the 26th year of Daoguang. During the same period, Hong clan members from three villages in Jinjiang moved to Erlin and Fiona Fang in Changhua, Taiwan Province. Later, these Hong people who entered Taiwan moved to the United States, Japan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Canada, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and other places.

Today, the Hong family is widely distributed all over the country, including Dunhuang, Xuancheng and Wengshan. The main hall names are: Shuangzhong, Livable, Zhao Yin, Pingshan, Dunhuang, Jide and Liugui. The population of Hong surname is the largest in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, accounting for about 26% of the total population of Han nationality in China. Hong is the 107 surname in China, accounting for 0. 16% of the total population of Han nationality in China.