Tech Names for Gateway

Gateway (Gateway) is also known as inter-network connector, protocol converter. Gateway in the transport layer to realize the network interconnection, is the most complex network interconnection equipment, only for two high-level protocols are different network interconnection. The structure of a gateway is also similar to that of a router, the difference being the interconnection layer. Gateways can be used to interconnect both WANs and LANs.

A gateway is a computer system or device that acts as a switching heavyweight. A gateway is a translator between two systems that use different communication protocols, data formats, or languages, or even have completely different architectures. Unlike a bridge that simply conveys information, a gateway repackages the information it receives to suit the needs of the destination system. Also, gateways can provide filtering and security features. Most gateways run at the application layer, the top layer of the OSI 7-layer protocol. Gateway used to be an easy concept to understand. In the early days of the Internet, the term gateway meant a router. A router is a marker in a network that extends beyond the local network. This "gateway" to the unknown has been used to calculate routes and forward packet data to parts of the network beyond the originating network, and is therefore considered to be the gateway to the Internet. Over time, routers ceased to be magical, and the emergence and maturation of public*** IP-based WANs contributed to their growth. Routing functions could now be performed by hosts and switching hubs, and gateways were no longer a mystical concept. Routers became multifunctional network devices that could segment LANs into segments, interconnect related LANs in private WANs, and interconnect WANs to form the Internet, thus losing the original gateway concept. However, the term gateway is still used, and it continues to be applied to many different functions, so defining a gateway is no longer an easy task. The more common types of gateways are the following three types: protocol gateways, application gateways, and security gateways.

A protocol gateway

Protocol gateways are usually used to convert protocols between network areas using different protocols. This conversion process can occur at layer 2, layer 3, or between layers 2 and 3 of the OSI reference model. However, there are two types of protocol gateways that do not provide conversion: security gateways and pipes. Because of the logical differences between two interconnected network areas, security gateways are necessary intermediaries between two technically similar network areas. such as a private WAN and the public Internet.

II. Application Gateways

An application gateway is a system that translates data between the use of different data formats. A typical application gateway takes input in one format, translates it, and sends it in a new format. The input and output interfaces can be discrete or use the same network connection.

Application gateways can also be used to connect LAN clients to external data sources, which provide local hosts with connections to remote interactive applications. Placing the application's logic and execution code on the LAN client avoids the drawbacks of low-bandwidth, high-latency WANs, which results in shorter response times for the client. The application gateway sends the request to the appropriate computer, obtains the data, and if needed converts the data format to the format required by the client.

Three, security gateways

Security gateways are an interesting blend of technologies with important and unique protection roles, ranging from protocol-level filtering to very complex application-level filtering. Gateway-Gateway Protocol (GGP)

Core gateways need to know what is happening in the rest of the Internet in order to route messages correctly and efficiently, including routing information and subnet characteristics. This type of information is often used when a gateway handles heavy loads that make it particularly slow and this gateway is the only way to access a subnet, and other gateways in the network are able to prune traffic to reduce the load on the gateway.

GGP is primarily used to exchange routing information, not to confuse routing information (including address, topology, and routing delay details) with the algorithms that make routing decisions. The routing algorithm is usually fixed within the gateway and is not changed by GGP. Core gateways communicate with each other by sending GGP messages, waiting for an answer, and then updating the routing table if they receive an answer with specific information.

Note that the latest improvement of GGP, SPREAD, is already in use on the Internet, but it is not yet as popular as GGP, which is known as the Vector-Distance Protocol. To work effectively, a gateway must contain complete information about all gateways on the interconnected network. Otherwise, calculating a valid route to a destination would be impossible. Because of this, all core gateways maintain a list of all core gateways on the Internet. This is a fairly small table, and gateways can easily work with it.

External Gateway Protocol (EGP)

The External Gateway Protocol is used to transfer information between neighboring gateways that are not core. Non-core gateways contain routing information for all gateways on the interconnected network that are directly adjacent to them and information about the machines they are connected to, but they do not contain information about other gateways on the Internet. For the vast majority of EGPs, only the LAN or WAN information that maintains their services is restricted. This prevents too much routing information from being transferred between LANs or WANs. the EGP forces the exchange of routing information between non-core gateways.

Because core gateways use GGP and non-core gateways use EGP, and both are used on the Internet, there must be some way for them to communicate with each other. the Internet enables any autonomous (non-core) gateway to send "reachable" messages to other systems, which must be delivered to at least one core gateway. The Internet enables any autonomous (non-core) gateway to send "reachable" messages to other systems, which must be delivered to at least one core gateway. If there is a larger autonomous network, it is often assumed that there is a gateway to handle these reachable messages.

Like GGP, EGP uses a query process to keep a gateway aware of its neighboring gateways and to continually exchange routing and state information with its neighbors.EGP is a state-driven protocol, meaning that it relies on a state table that reflects the state of the gateway and a set of operations that must be performed when the state table entries change.

Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)

There are several interior gateway protocols available, the most popular are RIP and EIGRP, another protocol is called Open Shortest Path Prioritization (OSPF), none of these protocols are dominant, but RIP is probably the most common IGP protocol. The selection of a particular IGP is based on the network architecture. both the RIP and EIGRP protocols calculate distances to destinations. their messages include machine identifiers and distances to the machine. In general, their messages are longer because their routing tables contain many entries.

RIP and EIGRP always maintain connectivity between neighboring gateways to ensure that machines are active. Routing information protocols use the broadcast technique. It means that the gateway has to broadcast the routing table to other gateways at certain intervals. This is also a problem with RIP because it increases network traffic and decreases network performance.The EIGRP protocol differs from RIP in that EIGRP uses time rather than distance as a routing factor. This requires the gateway to have reasonably accurate time information for each route. Because of this. so the EIGRP protocol relies on clock synchronization messages. The Open Shortest Path Priority Protocol is a protocol developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in the hope that it will become the dominant IGP. "Shortest Path" is not an accurate description of the protocol's routing process. A better name is "optimal path," which takes into account a number of factors to determine the best route to a destination. -IBM Mainframe Gateway: Connects workstations on a LAN to an IBM mainframe system. The earliest gateways emulated the 320 terminals of the IBM mainframe, making the LAN workstations terminals for the mainframe. More sophisticated gateways allowed files to be transferred between PCs and the mainframe, or operated in a client/server mode, allowing PCs to access the mainframe's database.IBM's APPN protocol provided same-layer networking services, making the mainframe part of the network. The current trend is for mainframes to also support TCP/IP, connecting directly to TCP/IP or to users via Web servers, eliminating the need for specialized gateways.

-LAN gateways: LAN gateways provide a channel for data transfer between LANs. Often intermediate LANs use different protocols and data needs to be converted to pass through. Many routers provide Ethernet and FDDI connectivity, which can be used for this purpose. There are also gateways that provide conversion between AppleTalk and TCP/IP, IPX and TCP/IP, and other protocols.

-Email gateways: are responsible for converting mail messages between applications from different vendors so that users on the Web can ****enjoy mail sent by different e-mail applications. Common e-mail gateways convert specialized message formats into X.400 format.

-Internet gateway: In the Internet, what used to be a gateway is now called a router. Gateway now refers to a system that performs network and application protocol translation so that users and applications on TCP/IP and non-TCP/IP networks can communicate with each other. Gateway also refers to a translation device between applications. A proxy server gateway is a type of firewall that allows users on an intranet to access the Internet while prohibiting Internet users from accessing the intranet. Full-featured firewalls provide advanced screening, authentication, and proxy capabilities to prevent hackers and attackers from accessing internal systems.

3G Wireless GatewayGateway, supports WIFI function (802.11 a/b/g/n) and 3G/3.5G wireless network function, meanwhile, the system is loaded with security functions such as VPN tunnel for WAN communication and security authentication for WIFI LAN transmission, which realizes the seamless connection between the wireless LAN and the wireless WAN to provide high-speed, secure and reliable mobile broadband service. This device is a widely used in small and medium-sized enterprises and family wireless networking equipment, while the device can also be used in finance, water conservancy, environmental protection, electric power, postal service, meteorology and other industries, to achieve high-speed, secure and reliable data transmission of wireless data.

I. 3G/3.5G Wireless Parameters

1, support 3G\3.G wireless network

2, support for IS-95 A/B and 3G wireless network

II. WIFI Technical Parameters

1, support for the 802.11 a/b/g standard, the speed of support for the 6M/9M/12M/18M/24M/36/48/54Mb/36/48/54Mb/36/48/54Mb/36/48/54Mb/36/48/54Mb. /36/48/54Mbps up to 108M

2, support for WAP encryption, built-in WAP and WAP 2.0, built-in 64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption

3, support for WEP encryption, built-in 802.11I 4.0 WEP (128-bit and 64-bit) hardware security engines such as TKIP, AES and CCMP < /p>

3. Hardware System

1. CPU: Industrial ARM9 CPU, 200MPS, 16K Dcache, 16K Icache

2. FLASH: 8MB (expandable to 32MB)

3. SDRAM: 64MB (expandable to 256MB)

4, Interface:

Ethernet port:

4 10/100 Base-T Ethernet switching ports, 1,5 kV isolation transformer

1 10/100M WAN port

USB port:

1 USB2.0 HOST port

Serial Port:

RS232 serial port, (Support RS422/RS485 if needed)

Rate:110bps~230400bps

Data bits :7 or 8

Parity: None, Even, Odd<

Stop bits: - 1 or 2

Flow contro: None or RTS/CTS

Protection - 15 kV ESD and short circuit

Console : RS-232, 115200 bps, 8 data bits. 115200 bps, 8 data bits,1 stop bit, no parity (8N1)

Indicators:

Features WIFI, WAN, Power, Communication, Online, and Ethernet port LINK/ACT indicators.

Antenna Interface:

3G/3.5G antenna interface: standard SMA shaded antenna interface with 50 ohm characteristic impedance.

WIFI antenna interface: standard SMA male antenna interface, characteristic impedance 50 ohms.

SIM/UIM card interface:

Standard drawer type user card interface (3V/5V).

Power connector:

Standard 3-pole locomotive power socket.

6.Power supply:

External power supply:

DC 9V 1.5A

Wide voltage power supply:

7.Dimensions:

Product external dimensions:

174*131*27mm

Product package dimensions:

8.Weight:

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0.7kg

9. Other parameters:

Operating ambient temperature -25~+65&orm;C

Storage temperature -40~+85&orm;C

Relative humidity 95% (non-condensing)

Four, software features

1. Support 3G/ 3.5G wireless access, support for WIFI AP (802.11 A/B/G/N) function, to achieve seamless connection between WIFI and 3G/3.5G public network

2. Support for 10/100M Ethernet interface (wired WAN port), support for the PPPOE protocol

3. Support for wireless video surveillance and motion picture transmission

4. Intelligent data terminal, power on to enter the data transmission state, and intelligent anti-dropout, the device supports online detection, online maintenance, automatic redialing of the dropped line, to ensure that the device is always online.

5. Support IPTABLES firewall, packet filtering

6. Support a variety of protocols: TCP/IP, UDP, ICMP, SMTP, HTTP, POP3, OICQ, TELNET, FTP and so on.

7. support for dynamic routing and static routing

8. support for DHCP function

9. support for NAT function, such as SNAT, DNAT

10. support for dynamic DDNS

11. support for DMZ host

12. support for routing and forwarding, but also support for the serial data transmission, the data center management

12. support for the data center management

12. support for the data center management

13. support for the data center management

14. support for the data center management

16. Data center management

13. Support APN/VPDN network

14. Convenient WEB configuration, support for remote WEB management

15. Support telnet management, convenient and easy to use console shell interactive environment

16. Support multiple terminals **** to enjoy the router ppp WAN exit

17. Support DMZ hosts

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17. support a variety of wireless dialing methods: automatic allocation, specify IP, specify the local counterpart IP

18. support as a PPP server, a variety of authentication methods, support for two-way authentication

19. convenient and easy to use COM and SYSLOG system diagnostics, debugging

20. support for serial port local software upgrade

21. p>21. Support TFTP software remote upgrade

22. Support real-time clock

Support both LINUX and WINDOWS operating systems