1. Try to describe the types and characteristics of intermediary business of commercial banks.

The intermediary business of commercial banks includes traditional financial products and new innovative financial products in recent years. Traditional financial products include three parts: first, traditional intermediary business, including credit business, leasing business and agency business; The second is external guarantee business, including customer loan repayment, bill acceptance, letter of credit use guarantee, etc. Third, loan and insurance commitments, including revocable and irrevocable. New and innovative financial products include financial futures, forward interest rate agreements and swaps.

Features are:

1. The off-balance-sheet business products of banks are few in variety, low in quality, small in scope and low in income, and lack of fist products and pillar products.

Judging from the development history of commercial banks in western developed countries, off-balance sheet business innovation income accounts for an increasing proportion of total bank income. At the end of 1990s, the off-balance-sheet business income of five major banking groups, such as Citigroup and the United States, which are in the forefront of American banking, accounted for more than 50%, while the off-balance-sheet business income of several major German banks accounted for 60%-70% of the total business income, while the off-balance-sheet business and intermediary business income of major commercial banks in China accounted for less than 65,438+. Moreover, due to the separate business model in China, the development of many off-balance-sheet businesses has been limited. At present, there are few off-balance-sheet businesses of banks, which are mainly limited to external guarantee business in international business, such as guarantee authentication business, standby letter of credit, confidentiality business and some low-grade agency business, such as collecting and paying various management fees, utilities, telephone charges, traffic fines, custody business, etc. In order to seize market share, banks provide free services to many agency businesses, and some even "reverse". Coupled with the traditional pricing method, the investment and income of some off-balance-sheet businesses and intermediary businesses are very low. Some banks say that there are 40 or 50 intermediary businesses in several categories, but many of them are limited to the stage of pulling deposits, far from transforming into efficiency-enhancing means. Coupled with the limitation of local economic development, there is a lack of high-yield pillar products, such as some high-yield and intelligent investment banking business, enterprise merger and acquisition design, supporting financing arrangements, securities agents and so on.

2. Off-balance-sheet business innovation lacks incentive mechanism, and the innovation motivation is vague. There are two motives for financial institutions in western developed countries to set up financial organ newspapers. One is to maximize profits, and the other is to evade supervision. Based on this, every financial innovation launched by western commercial banks will go through systematic planning and research, fully considering its costs and benefits, required technical conditions, market demand procedures and promoted economic scale. However, due to the dislocation of innovation subjects in China, the motivation of micro-innovation driven by administration is vague. In addition, the way of thinking of the whole social group is different from that of the west, and the concept that "service should also be a paid behavior" has not been fully established. In view of the traditional pricing method, many financial innovations have emerged, regardless of cost or even negative returns.

3. Lack of innovative talents. Financial innovation needs a large number of high-quality talents. Especially the compound talents who know both computer and bank management, money market business and capital market business, and can develop and design new financial products and understand marketing.