China's missile force was established in the 20th century?

The strategic missile force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was established in 1966.

The Second Artillery Corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army is a service equipped with ground-to-ground strategic missiles, which undertakes the strategic nuclear counterattack task, also known as the strategic missile force, and is the main force of China's nuclear deterrence and nuclear counterattack. The Second Artillery Corps has developed into a short-range, medium-range, long-range, intercontinental missile force, as well as engineering, intelligence, reconnaissance, geodesy, calculation, meteorology, communication, etc., since it established a ground-to-ground missile training brigade in February 1957 and a missile battalion in March/960.

In the early days of the founding of New China, the United States blackmailed China several times, including attacking strategic targets in China and China's troops in North Korea with atomic bombs, which brought heavy anxiety and pressure to the Chinese nation and the new Republic. 195565438+ 10/5 President Mao Zedong presided over the enlarged meeting of the Central Secretariat and formally made a strategic decision to develop the atomic energy industry. Mao Zedong stressed at the meeting, "We are stronger now than in the past and will be stronger in the future. We need not only more planes and cannons, but also atomic bombs. In today's world, if we are not bullied by others, we cannot do without this thing. "

1956 On March 14, Premier Zhou Enlai held a special meeting and decided to set up the Aviation Industry Committee of the Ministry of National Defense with Nie as the director to lead the development of ballistic missiles. 654381Oct 8, China's first missile technology research institute, the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, was established, with Qian Xuesen as its president.

At the end of 1957, the central military commission decided to establish a strategic missile force and asked the artillery command to set up a ground-to-ground missile training brigade as soon as possible. On February 9th, 1957, 1957, the surface-to-surface missile training brigade was established in Changxindian, southwest of Beijing, where more than 600 cadres and soldiers from all units and scientific research units of the whole army began the arduous pioneering journey of China's strategic missile forces. 1June, 959, the surface-to-surface missile training brigade successfully completed its training task, and the Central Military Commission decided to cancel the surface-to-surface missile training brigade and set up two surface-to-surface missile launching battalions. 1 960 March 18, China's first strategic missile unit, the surface-to-surface missile1battalion, was formally established in an artillery school in a city in northwest China.

1960 10 China copied the first domestic short-range ground-to-ground strategic missile based on the Soviet P-2 missile, named Dongfeng-1. 1 963101On October 25th, the1missile battalion successfully launched a Dongfeng-1 missile at the Shuangcheng base in Gansu for the first time, which indicated that China's strategic missile forces had formed combat effectiveness. At the same time, the Central Military Commission decided to build a strategic missile launching position. General Zhang Aiping, then deputy chief of staff, led a group of people to travel across mountains and rivers, live in rural areas and go deep into the primitive mountains and forests in the north.

1On June 29th, 964, China's first self-developed Dongfeng -2 medium-range ground-to-ground strategic missile was successfully launched at Jiuquan Base, Gansu Province. 1On September 28th, 964, the Central Military Commission officially issued the order to form the first strategic missile position. Tens of thousands of officers and men from 88 units of the whole army have secretly assembled in the depths of a mountain forest somewhere in the north. Shortly after this unit entered the mountain, another group of troops with the same mission entered Gu Shan in the Central Plains, the dense forests in southern Xinjiang and the western plateau. ...

19641June16th, China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully in lop Nur, Xinjiang. Since then, China has become the fifth member of the World Nuclear Club. Gone are the days when western politicians decided the fate of the Chinese nation by drinking coffee! 10 10 17, the State Council's prime minister Zhou Enlai sent a telegram to the heads of governments around the world, stating China's position on the nuclear weapons issue: the China government has always advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons, and China was forced to conduct nuclear tests and develop nuclear weapons. China possesses nuclear weapons solely for defense, in order to defend the people of China from the nuclear threat. The Government of China solemnly declared that China would not be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances.

1 966 July1day, the leading organ of China's strategic missile force was announced in Beijing, and Premier Zhou Enlai personally named it the Second Artillery Corps. Xiang Shouzhi is the commander. Since then, the Second Artillery Corps has become an independent service in the PLA sequence. This year, the launching troops bid farewell to the city with their own equipment and entered the Gobi desert in the mountains and forests to forge the sword of peace for the Republic.

1966 19 10 19, Premier Zhou Enlai solemnly declared at the working meeting before the missile and the atomic bomb were "combined": After China's nuclear explosion was successful, some people laughed at us for having bombs but no guns, which was nothing more than saying that we only had atomic bombs and no means of delivery. We will destroy the atomic bomb with missiles and answer the challenge of public opinion with actions!

1966 10 10 On 27th October, China's first Dongfeng -2 missile with a nuclear warhead was launched from the Shuangcheng base in Gansu, and a nuclear explosion was accurately realized at a predetermined altitude over the Lop Nur nuclear test site in Xinjiang. Since then, China has possessed missile nuclear weapons that can be used in actual combat. 1966 12.26, Dongfeng -3 medium-range strategic missile was successfully launched at Jiuquan base in Gansu province. 1967 June 17, China's first hydrogen bomb exploded successfully. Since then, China has possessed more powerful thermonuclear weapons.

1On March 2, 969, a large-scale armed conflict broke out between China and the Soviet Union in Zhenbao Island. The angry Soviet leadership is prepared to use medium-range missiles in the Far East, carrying millions of tons of nuclear warheads and carrying out a "surgical nuclear strike" against China's military and political targets. Nuclear clouds once again enveloped the land of China. Mao Zedong issued a call for "preparing for war" to the whole country, and the Second Artillery Corps quickly entered a state of war, which showed China's determination to resolutely fight back, and finally made the Soviet leaders give up their attempt to launch a nuclear strike against China.

1970 65438+1On October 30th, Dongfeng -4 long-range strategic missile was successfully launched at Jiuquan base in Gansu province. On April 24th, the Long March-1 carrier rocket derived from Dongfeng IV launched China's first artificial satellite, Dongfanghong-1. 1980 may 18, China's first intercontinental strategic missile Dongfeng -5 was successfully launched from Jiuquan base in Gansu province to the south Pacific. Since then, China has acquired the capability of intercontinental nuclear strike.

With the rapid development of missile nuclear weapons, the Second Artillery Corps has successively built a number of medium-range, long-range and intercontinental missile units and engineering construction units, and has successively set up corresponding operational support, logistics support and technical support units, as well as colleges and scientific research units. The Second Artillery Corps is gradually growing.

1984, the Second Artillery Corps officially assumed the sacred duty of preparing for war. This year, 65438+ 10 1, China's second artillery corps made its first public appearance in the military parade on the 35th anniversary of the National Day. When the 12 giant tractor slowly passed Tiananmen Square carrying China's medium-and long-range and intercontinental strategic missiles, the whole world was shocked. The Associated Press reported: "China's strategic missile force has demonstrated its strength for the first time. It shows that China has a fairly high level of manufacturing, and its emergence is enough to resist any form of war. " The British "Times" also said: "China showed its missile family to the world for the first time today, which proves that it has the ability and confidence to cover every corner of the earth."

1On May 20th, 1985, Dongfeng -2 1 medium-range solid strategic missile was successfully launched, marking a new breakthrough in China's missile technology. 1986 In September, Deng Xiaoping, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, announced at the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting: "Today, China has the strength to defend the motherland. Once attacked by a foreign country, we can carry out a nuclear counterattack against it. "

1In September, 1989, China built a complete nuclear weapon strike system five years ahead of schedule, which can efficiently carry out the strategic nuclear counterattack mission. 1In the summer of 1995, tens of thousands of officers and men of the Second Artillery Corps successfully completed the "Great Wall Project" after more than ten years of bloody fighting. On the land of China, a batch of strategic missile positions with different models, different launching directions, different styles, capability of hitting, preventing, storing, commanding and living have appeared.

1On August 2nd, 999, Xinhua News Agency announced that China had successfully conducted a new type of long-range surface-to-surface missile launch test in its own territory. 10 year 10 month/day, Dongfeng-3 1 intercontinental strategic missile made its first public appearance in Tiananmen Square. Compared with the military parade on the 35th anniversary of the National Day 15 years ago, the weight and volume of China's new generation of strategic missiles have been reduced, while the warhead power, reaction time, hit accuracy and maneuverability have been greatly improved, which indicates that the overall combat capability of the Second Artillery Corps has achieved a historic leap. At present, the weapons and equipment of the Second Artillery Corps have formed a series of weapons such as solid-liquid coexistence, nuclear missiles and conventional missiles, short-range, medium-range, long-range and intercontinental missiles.

The Second Artillery Corps is mainly composed of launching units and support units, which are organized into brigades and regiments according to missile types. It is the basis of China's "trinity" strategic nuclear forces. Under the direct command of the Central Military Commission, it can independently or in coordination with other services and arms to carry out defensive nuclear counterattacks and deep conventional strikes against the enemy, and fulfill the special mission of defending national sovereignty and territorial integrity. According to western estimates, China currently has about 2,500 nuclear warheads and manufactures about 140 to 150 each year. At present, China's land-based and sea-based strategic missiles can reach any corner of the world. Even if the mainland suffers a devastating nuclear attack first, it still has the ability to launch a large-scale nuclear counterattack, which truly has the deterrent power of a nuclear power.

As the youngest and most modern service in China's army, the Second Artillery Corps has successfully completed missile launching training tasks and campaign exercises under similar actual combat conditions for many times. In the mid-1970s, the Second Artillery Corps organized a long-range mobile combat live-fire launching exercise of a large missile regiment, and rehearsed the whole process of walking, hiding and hitting. This is the first attempt of the Second Artillery Corps to get out of the position and realize "mobile operations", and it is also a sign of maturity. In the early 1980s, the Second Artillery Corps successfully conducted the first large-scale synthetic training campaign exercise, which tested the overall combat capability of the troops. 1In the winter of 994, the Second Artillery Corps held its first position survival drill. That is, in the "nuclear attack" area, emergency nuclear pollution monitoring, decontamination and battlefield rescue are carried out first, and then "nuclear counterattack" begins. 1In March, 1996, the Second Artillery Corps successfully completed the training task of launching missiles into the East China Sea and the South China Sea with a brilliant record of four rounds, demonstrating the defensive combat capability of our army under high-tech conditions. At present, the success rate of the second artillery missile has reached 100%, and the accuracy has been greatly improved compared with the past. Foreign media said that China missile has the function of "acupuncture". In the past, missiles were lying in the mountains, which made it difficult to maneuver and took a long time to prepare for launch. Nowadays, no matter in the deep forest or the desert Gobi, whether it is windy, rainy or snowy, the launch vehicle can pull up the missile and run on the simple highway. After reaching the scheduled launch point, you can use the shelf to fight, which truly realizes all-round and all-weather coverage. Through the full implementation of advanced training, delayed launch training and missile brigade synthesis training, the time for new equipment to form combat effectiveness has been greatly shortened, the rapid response capability has been significantly enhanced, and the combat capability of the whole brigade and regiment has been continuously improved.

In recent years, the Second Artillery Corps has vigorously carried out scientific and technological training, studied new tactics theory, reformed training contents and improved training methods, and carried out scientific research around equipment development, weapon performance improvement and modern command means. It has successively developed more than 1000 scientific research achievements such as strategic missile simulation training system, missile automatic test system, missile control system, electronic command system and general message processing system, which have been applied to training and launch site. In order to accelerate the generation of scientific and technological talents, they launched the "Talent Relay Plan" and the "Excalibur Talent Project", and established the "Missile Expert Technical phalanx" and the three-level "Technical Top Talent Pool". Missile technology experts enter the decision-making level of combat troops at or above the regiment level; College student soldiers appear in missile training ground and launch site. At present, the strategic missile force has academicians of the Academy of Engineering, a large number of young and middle-aged experts from the country and recipients of special government allowances. All officers with bachelor's degrees account for 70% of the total number of officers, and all military chiefs are university graduates.

/Chinese /zhuanti/ 168039.htm