Please explain "Chu Shi" and talk about Qu Yuan's position in the history of literature.

It is well known that Chinese pre-Qin poetry was the golden age of quatrains from the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC) to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (6th century BC), a period of about five hundred years. These "songs of the ancestors" were collected and organized by the Zhou people, and compiled into the first collection of poems in ancient China, the "Classic of Poetry" (诗经). For three hundred years after the Book of Poetry, the Chinese literary world was almost overshadowed by the glory of prose, while poetry was in a period of silence. It was the genius poet Qu Yuan and his disciple Song Yu who broke this silence. They created a new style of poetry with the distinctive local characteristics of Chu. This style of poetry is "Chu Rhetoric". Chu Rhetoric" is very different from the "Classic of Poetry" in that it is not a collective singing but an individual creation; it is not realistic but romantic; it does not emphasize on natural realism but subjective lyricism; it does not express the scenery of the north but the scene of the south; it is not a single simile but an overall symbol; it is not stagnant four lines but dynamic miscellany; and it is not a new poetry. Instead of a single simile, it is an overall symbol; the syntax is not a stagnant four-word sentence, but a dynamic miscellaneous language; the chapters are not short chapters with repeated loops, but a grandiose structure; the style is not natural and simple, but Hongbo Liya. The distinctive local characteristics of Chu Rhetoric are classically summarized by Huang Boshi of the Song Dynasty in his Preface to the Schooling of Chu Rhetoric: "All of the Qu and Song Rhetoric are written in the Chu language, made in the Chu voice, recorded in the Chu land, and named in the Chu objects, and so they can be called Chu Rhetoric." (See Song Wenjian, Volume 92.) Because the masterpiece of this new poetic form of Chu Rhetoric is the "Li Sao" (离骚), which is "the most outstanding poem in the world" (Lu Xun, "Outline of the History of Chinese Literature"), the later generation also called it "true Sao poems". In the history of Chinese literature, "Feng" and "Sao" are often referred to as "wind" and "sao" together, with "Feng" referring to the Classic of Poetry and "Sao" referring to Chu Rhetoric. The term "wind" is used to refer to the "Classic of Poetry", and "tao" is used to refer to the "Chu Shi". The name "Chu Ci" was first mentioned in the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Qian, "the Records of the Grand Historian - cool officials biographies - Zhang Tang biography", "buy ministers to Chu rhetoric and help with the honor, the service for the Tai Zhong Daifu, with the matter." When Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang organized the ancient documents and compiled the Sao poems composed by Qu Yuan and Song Yu of Chu and the proposed Sao poems composed by Jia Yi, Huainan Xiaoshan, Dongfang Shuo, Yan Ji, Wang Bao and Liu Xiang into a collection of sixteen volumes, which was titled as Chu Rhetoric, and from then on, Chu Rhetoric became the name of a general collection of poems. In the early years of Emperor An of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Yi made a note to the Chu Rhetoric compiled by Liu Xiang, and added a piece of his own writing, "Nine Thoughts", while naming the whole book "Chu Rhetoric Chapter and Verse", which consisted of seventeen volumes. Liu Xiang compiled sixteen volumes of the Chu Rhetoric has been lost for a long time, only Wang Yi's seventeen volumes of the Chu Rhetoric Chapter and Verse have been handed down to the present day, which is the most ancient Chu Rhetoric note book in existence. The book "Chu Ci" is an ancient classic of Chinese literature, which has an extremely important position in the vast historical documents of ancient China. According to the traditional classification of the four parts of literature, i.e. Jing, Shi, Zi, and Jie, Chu Ci belongs to the "Jie part", and has always been called "the ancestor of Jie part". Open the largest series of books in ancient China, "Siku Quanshu", the first book in the category of "Collection" is "Chu Ci". Therefore, the Siku Pavilion Ministers said: "the collection of the Department of the catalog, "Chu Ci" is the most ancient." As the book of "Chu Ci" has a pivotal position in the history of Chinese literature, the study of Chu Ci has a long history, the study of Chu Ci is full of writings, and therefore the formation of a specialized academic discipline - Chu Ci.

As a poetic style, Chu Rhetoric originated from "Chu Sound" and "Chu Song". In the Spring and Autumn Period, the music and folk songs of Chu were called "Nan Feng" or "Nan Yin". According to Zuo Zhuan - Cheng Gong Nine Years, Zhong Yi, a native of Chu, played the qin in Jin, and was known as "a musician who played the local style and did not forget the old times". During the Warring States period, the local music of Chu, such as "Shibi Jiang", "Cai Ling", "Laoshang", "Nine Arguments", "Nine Songs", "Allium Dew", "Yangchun", "Baixue" and other compositions can be seen in the works of Chu Rhetoric. Qu Yuan's Shibi Jiang (涉江) and Jiu Ge (九歌) and Song Yu's Jiu Zheng (九辩) are new poems written on old themes. Folk songs from Chu before Qu Yuan's time include the famous love song "The Song of the Yue People" sung by a Yue fisherman girl translated from a song of King Kang of Chu during his era (reigned from 559 to 545 BC), contained in the chapter of Liu Xiang's "Sayings of the Court - The Good Sayings:" "What is the night of this day and evening, when I am drifting down the middle of the stream in my boat? What day is it today that I get to be in the same boat with the prince? Shame is good Ruoxi, do not criticize the shame. If your heart is troubled by a few things, you can learn about the prince. There are trees in the mountains and there are branches in the trees; the heart says (pleases) the king and the king doesn't know it. A few decades later, there appeared the Song of the Ru Zi, quoted in Mencius - Li Lou, which was rumored to have been heard by Confucius: "The water of the Canglang is clear, and can be washed with my tassel. The water of Canglang is turbid and can wash my feet." These two poems use the word "Ruoxi", the same basic form as the later Chu Rhetoric, which was the forerunner of the Chu Rhetoric. But such folk ditties are like a trickle of water. If they had not been studied and adopted by the great poet Qu Yuan, who created such poems as "Li Sao", "Nine Songs", "Nine Chapters", and "Heavenly Questions", which are "a breath of fresh air that bulldozes the ancient world, and a rhetoric that cuts into the present day, and which are so stunningly brilliant that it is difficult to be compared with the other poems" ("Wenxin Diao Long: Identifying the Sao"), then the poetic fervor of the Sao style of poems in the Chinese poetic river would not have been possible, and it is impossible to accomplish the "Sao Style Poetry". It would not have been possible to form a frenzy of poems in the Sao style in the long history of Chinese poetry and to realize the "Literature of a Generation". It is not an exaggeration to say that the emergence of Qu Yuan was a brilliant sunrise in Chinese poetry.

However, this genius poet had great ups and downs, great joys and great sorrows in his life! Let us travel through the smoke and clouds of history to enter this great poet and feel his legendary life!

Qu Yuan, surnamed Mi (mǐmi), Qu, name Ping, word Yuan, and the king of Chu with the same ancestor ****. Dongfang Shuo of the Western Han Dynasty said in his poem "Seven Admonitions - The First Release", "Ping was born in the country and grew up in the wilderness." The "country" here is the capital of the state, referring to Ying, the capital of the state of Chu. Qu Yuan "nine chapters, mourning Ying" in the "go to his hometown and on the far", "hair Ying and go to the coccyx", "to go to the end of the ancient residence" and other poems clearly indicate that his hometown is Ying. According to the poet's self-description and Han records, we can conclude that Qu Yuan is Yingdu (now Jiangling County, Hubei Province, Ji Nan City) people. According to "Li Sao", "Tizhen in Mengzuo Ruoxi, but Geng Yin I to descend", it can be assumed that Qu Yuan was born in Chu

Suen Wang seventeen years (353 years ago) the twenty-third day of the first month.