What are the characteristics of China architecture in Qin and Han Dynasties?

Architectural features of Qin and Han dynasties:

First, the scale of the building is larger and the combination is more diverse.

The architecture of Qin and Han Dynasties was developed on the basis of some important artistic features initially formed in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The unification of Qin and Han dynasties promoted the exchange of architectural culture between the Central Plains and Wu Chu. Compared with the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the buildings are larger in scale and more diverse in combination.

Secondly, the types of buildings are mainly capitals, palaces, sacrificial buildings (ritual buildings) and tombs.

The architectural types in Qin and Han Dynasties are mainly capitals, palaces, sacrificial buildings (ritual buildings) and tombs. By the end of the Han Dynasty, Buddhist buildings appeared, such as the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Epang Palace and Li Palace.

Third, the architectural style returns to regularity.

During the Qin and Han dynasties, the main building was still a popular high-rise building since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It is massive, combined with transverse symmetry, very regular, huge in scale, outstanding in image and pursuing symbolic significance.

Fourth, the construction skills are relatively mature.

At this time, three basic frame forms commonly used in ancient wooden buildings in China, namely hanging beam, crossing bucket and shaft, have been formed. Moreover, the bucket arch has developed greatly in the Han Dynasty, and there are many kinds, which can be said to have reached an incredible level. At the same time, brick, one of the important achievements in architectural history, also began to be used at this time.

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Typical Buildings in Qin and Han Dynasties

First of all, the Great Wall

The Great Wall was originally the product of strengthening the frontier defense of Yan, Zhao and Qin during the Warring States Period. At that time, the Huns living in the desert in northern China invaded from time to time. In order to deal with this invasion, the northern countries built their own cities to defend themselves.

At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the emperor sent a general Meng Tian to lead a 300,000-strong northern expedition to the Huns, connecting the original walls built by Yan, Zhao and Qin to repair them. The rebuilt part exceeds the sum of the original Great Wall of the Three Kingdoms. The Great Wall "starts from Lintao (now Min County, Gansu Province) and extends for more than 10,000 miles to Liaodong", which is one of the greatest projects in the ancient world.

2. Equator and ditch

The construction of the Qin dynasty also included the repair of chidao and the construction of canals. The equator of the Qin Dynasty starts from Shandong Peninsula in the east, reaches Lintao in Gansu in the west, Liaodong in the north and Hubei in the south. The main road is 50 steps wide, and trees are planted along the road. This project is huge and an outstanding achievement in the history of ancient road construction. Together with other land and water passages, it has formed a national transportation network.

Dredging Gorge (Bianhe River, Henan Province), as a waterway hub, connects the four waters of Hebei, Ru, Huai and Si. In 2 14 BC, Governor Shilu built a Lingqu, which was more than 60 miles long and connected Hunan and Lishui.

Third, the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang

The scale of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum project, the number of workers and the long duration are unprecedented.

The construction of the cemetery project was accompanied by Qin Shihuang's political career. /kloc-when he first ascended the throne at the age of 0/3, in the first year of Qin dynasty (the first 247 years), the cemetery construction project began. The construction of tombs by ancient emperors did not begin with Qin Shihuang, but it became a practice as early as the Warring States period.

However, Qin Shihuang advanced the time when the monarch built the mausoleum before his death to the early stage of his accession to the throne, which was a little improvement on Qin Shihuang. The cemetery project was built for 39 years and was not completed until the death of Qin Shihuang. Hu Hai, the second emperor, succeeded to the throne, and it took more than a year to complete the construction.

Fourth, the lack of senior one.

It is located in the new city construction area of Ya 'an, at the exit of Jinjiguan from Chengdu to expressway, Ya 'an, and the location of Ya 'an Hanque Museum. Hanque is a unique architectural facility in ancient China, and it is a decorative building in front of palaces, temples and tombs in the Han Dynasty.

Each que consists of a main que and an auxiliary que, generally consisting of que tomb, que body and que top. It is not only an ancient architectural art, but also a special stone carving treasure, and it is an important entity to study history, culture, architecture, sculpture and art at that time.

V. Tang Ming Bi Yong

Biyong, which was built in the fourth year of the Western Han Dynasty in China (about 4 AD), is located on the east side of Nanmenwai Street in Chang 'an (now in the middle and west), which conforms to the regulation of being located in the "Yang of the country".

It is an important early altar temple, surrounded by a square courtyard, surrounded by a two-story gatehouse, surrounded by annular ditches, square houses at the four corners of the courtyard, and a folded cross-shaped flat rammed earth platform site on the central rammed earth annular low platform.