A study of small problems in classical Chinese

1. Small topic research. A set of practical teaching methods that can stimulate students' interest in reading classical Chinese is explored: 1. Learning methods to stimulate interest, 2. Trust stimulates interest, 3. Introduce and stimulate interest, 4. Writing on the blackboard stimulates interest. Scenes stimulate interest, 6. Aesthetic arouses interest, 7. Make the past serve the present to stimulate interest.

First, the main background of the study.

With the innovation of social culture and the passage of time, the corresponding cultural background, historical conditions and social forms in classical Chinese are far from the living environment of students, and there are also gaps between the expression, expression, vocabulary and grammar of classical Chinese and the real language communication of students. In addition, the subtle meanings hidden in ancient poems increase the difficulty of students' cognitive understanding, so students have certain rejection, alienation and exclusion psychology when learning classical Chinese.

Secondly, there are two misunderstandings in classical Chinese teaching. One is word-for-word decomposition, which teaches classical Chinese as a foreign language, just like learning ancient Chinese anthology. Another is to take an article and start to sum up ideas and analyze the image before you understand it. Classical Chinese reading should be able to read something smoothly and let students feel it themselves. Whether reading classical Chinese or vernacular Chinese, when appreciating literary images, the reason is the same in terms of improving Chinese ability. You can't treat classical Chinese as a foreign language. Classical Chinese, after all, is Chinese in different times. In addition, we can't read classical Chinese as vernacular Chinese, because it has language barriers after all. Therefore, in the teaching of classical Chinese, we should grasp something very related to the theme and use it to do some key anatomy. Especially when reading poetry, we must express our image in language. Without the image from language, others can't catch it.

Moreover, in junior high school, students are only exposed to dozens of classical Chinese texts in textbooks, and the content is relatively short and the learning requirements are relatively low. Most junior high school teachers neglected to summarize and sort out the phenomena and laws of ancient Chinese language. This also leads to students' fear of classical Chinese, and the content and language form of classical Chinese are no longer as simple as junior high school.

In view of this, how to stimulate students' interest in reading classical Chinese has become an urgent task in classical Chinese teaching.

Second, the summary of the subject content

Concept definition

What is ancient Chinese? As the name implies, it is the language of ancient Han people. Ancient Chinese can be divided into spoken language and written language.

What is classical Chinese? Classical Chinese refers to the written language of ancient Chinese based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period, which has been refined after many times, and the language that later writers imitate their works, such as a hundred schools of thought contend, historical records, eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, Tongcheng School and so on. , are examples of the practical use of ancient Chinese. In short, classical Chinese is an article written in classical Chinese. Generally, the May 4th period is defined as the dividing line between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese.

What is interest? Interest is a special cognitive tendency to things. This is a psychological activity. When it develops into a hobby, it becomes a long-term and relatively stable behavior tendency, which affects people's ability. Interest and hobby are the source of enthusiasm, the need to know and explore something, and the driving force to promote people to know something and explore its development law. It is the most active factor in people's study and work. With an interest in something, you can have great enthusiasm in your behavior.

Through the research of this topic, we will explore a new and effective teaching mode of classical Chinese, so that students can show strong interest and subjective tendency in the process of actively participating in the study of classical Chinese, and then promote the "recognition", "interpretation" and "analysis" of the language, so that students can truly understand the simple classical Chinese and understand its essence, which is beneficial to writing and life.

(2) Theoretical basis

1. Psychology points out that interest is an important psychological factor to promote people's knowledge-seeking activities and learning, which can make people concentrate and actively engage in certain activities. Any activity that suits one's interests is easy to improve one's enthusiasm.

2. Psychological research shows that in the process of language learning, when students focus on the language itself (knowledge and rules), the degree of anxiety is higher, while when they focus on the content expressed in the language, the degree of anxiety is obviously reduced and it is easier to learn.

3. Subjective education theory holds that students are not only the object of education, but also the subject of learning, understanding and development. The influence of education is everything in the external object, and only through students' subjective activities can it be internalized into the quality of the subject. The classroom teaching method that embodies students' subjectivity is a multilateral activity in which teachers and students participate and communicate with each other. Teachers are organizers of teaching activities, students are independent participants in self-development and active explorers and creators. The relationship between teachers and students is democratic, equal and cooperative. This kind of teaching can make students gradually move from "others' learning" under the guidance of teachers to "autonomous learning" based on self-study, and finally achieve the goal of learning to learn and create.

4. Principle of cooperation: In research, it is necessary to change the phenomenon of mutual isolation among teachers, students, families and schools, and emphasize mutual cooperation and promotion.

5. The new curriculum standard points out: "The purpose of moderately strengthening the study of classical Chinese is to encourage students to deepen their understanding of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, enrich their cultural heritage and enhance their cultural taste."

2. What are the research plans for teaching and research activities with the theme of classical Chinese? 1. Background of the topic. Throughout the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization, our ancestors left us a long history and profound Chinese culture. China's classic traditional culture, with its extensive knowledge, rich tolerance and rich connotation, is beyond the reach of any nation. It is not only the model and essence of China's language and literature. Moreover, it contains the spirit and character of the Chinese nation. It is a deep soil for the germination of national spirit, which plays a huge and indispensable role in the cultivation and formation of national spirit. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Facing the mutual agitation of various ideologies and cultures around the world, we must take carrying forward and cultivating the national spirit as an extremely important task of cultural construction and bring it into the whole process of national education and spiritual civilization construction. According to our survey, in today's society, shallow culture, popular culture and network culture are full of people's lives. The status of traditional culture among students is getting lower and lower, and they know little about it. Coupled with the negative factors of market economy, money worship and hedonism are on the rise, collectivism is weakened, and ideals and future concepts are weak ... these phenomena are allowed to develop. The consequences are unimaginable. In today's harmonious society, it is imperative to carry forward traditional culture. The new curriculum standard points out that "modern society requires citizens to have good humanistic quality" and emphasizes that in the process of Chinese teaching, students should "know the richness and broadness of Chinese culture and absorb the wisdom of national culture". "The inheritance, development and innovation of national culture depend largely on China people. Therefore, it is necessary to study the development of traditional cultural resources in Chinese teaching. Especially under the new curriculum standard, Chinese teachers with new textbooks should be duty-bound to undertake this historical mission: give full play to the special function of "the unity of instrumentality and humanity" of Chinese subject, and let students swim and soar in the splendid cultural river of the motherland through the beauty of mountains and rivers, folk customs, history, culture and tradition. Let China's cultural traditions be carried forward. Second, the definition and theoretical hypothesis of the topic is 1, and the definition of the topic is (1) New Curriculum Standard: Compared with the Chinese curriculum system before 2000, it embodies four new basic concepts: First, it pays attention to cultivating students' Chinese literacy; Second, explore the humanistic connotation of Chinese education; Third, advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods. The fourth is to build an open and dynamic Chinese course. (2) The "traditional culture" here refers to the study of ancient poems and classics with universal edifying significance that have been tested by history in Chinese national culture and Hakka cultural tradition with local characteristics according to the physical and mental characteristics of middle school students. They are all the crystallization of human wisdom. It is also a tool to open human wisdom. (3) The relationship between "new curriculum standards and traditional culture": "Chinese curriculum standards" clearly points out: "Chinese is the most important communication tool and an important part of human culture. The unity of instrumentality and humanism is the basic feature of Chinese curriculum, which requires us to pay attention not only to the imparting and application of knowledge, but also to the cultivation of language sense in Chinese teaching. We should also shoulder the heavy responsibility of "recognizing Chinese culture and cultivating traditional spirit". 2. Theoretical hypothesis (1) Through effective combination in and out of class, students can get in touch with traditional culture in a large number of comprehensive practical activities, stimulate students' interest in learning, appreciate the charm of Chinese culture and promote the development of students' language ability. In the process of learning, students' ability to collect and process information can be exercised. Improve students' comprehensive quality. (2) Through research and practice, it is of great significance to guide students to understand the rich connotation of Chinese culture, absorb excellent traditional cultural wisdom and spiritual nutrition, enrich language, broaden their horizons, cultivate sentiment, develop their potential and make them have creative ability. With the rich humanistic connotation and the truth of being a man contained in traditional culture, we can enhance students' sense of identity with China's traditional culture and cultivate students to "learn to be a man" with noble personality and body and mind. On the other hand, the combination of traditional culture education and classroom reform will make the curriculum structure of the school more reasonable and promote the development of students' personality. Iii. Objectives and significance of the study 1. The research goal of this topic is the teaching of ancient poetry and Hakka traditional culture. (1) Ancient poetry teaching is one of the important contents of Chinese teaching. Cultivating students' ability to appreciate ancient poetry and prose is of great significance to improve students' basic literary literacy. Naturally, I don't need to go into details. However, compared with the current reading teaching and writing teaching research, the teaching and research of ancient poetry are relatively backward. There are at least three unhealthy tendencies in the teaching of ancient poetry and prose today. First, there is a tendency to language. Many people almost turn the appreciation of ancient poetry into a series of lectures on classical Chinese, focusing only on the static interpretation of the meaning of poetry. Neglect the cultivation of students' thinking ability in images. Second, the tendency of conceptualization. Many people turn the artistic appreciation of ancient poetry into a simple contrast between "poetic objects" and "poetic feelings", ignoring the cultivation of students' aesthetic psychological quality. Third, decomposition tendency. Many people turn the overall appreciation of a poem into a partial analysis of monotonous poetry, ignoring the organic overall effect of poetry appreciation. These tendencies cannot but make people feel. Today's ancient poetry teaching seems to lack a key consciousness, that is, how to give full play to students' positive role in poetry aesthetic activities. (2) According to many historical records, Shicheng occupies an extremely important position in the history of the formation and development of Hakka people, and is the birthplace of the pioneer of Hakka private studies (Govin). Many Hakka cultural researchers call Shicheng a transit station for Hakka cradle. Shicheng is rich in Hakka cultural resources. It is worthy of our development and research. 2. The traditional culture of China, with classical ancient poetry as its main content, is one of the sources of strength that constitute national cohesion, national pride and national cultural quality, and it is also an important educational resource that we use to mold people and souls. Based on this, we have the following understandings of the practical and far-reaching significance of the research on China's traditional cultural resources under the new curriculum standard: First, it is necessary to inherit and carry forward traditional culture. China cultural classics are important carriers of China culture. Inheriting culture is an important function of school education. We have the responsibility to carry out ancient poetry teaching and Hakka traditional culture research, so that the splendid and long-standing Chinese civilization can be passed down from generation to generation, and accumulate a steady stream of wisdom and lasting development momentum for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Second, strengthen Chinese traditional virtues.

3. Urgent for the original text

Li Ji Shangjian

：

Tang Yinghong and Li Ji are commonplace and know political affairs. Some officials were released from the election and resigned from the British public. Gong Yue said, "Come to Korea at the beginning of tomorrow." By then, the doctor will be there. When the official resigned, the British public frowned and said, "Your longevity is ignorance of ministers and assistant ministers. My father can't read, and I can't teach you. Why can I stay? I am deeply ashamed of you. Work hard and let's go. " The assistant minister and others were frightened and asked his name, so that the South Hospital could read the list, and it was soon introduced, and the official department made a history.

When the British public was prime minister, some villagers tasted the food in the house. The guest broke the edge of the cake. Won justice: "You are still young! This cake has been turned over twice. When cooked, plant, hoe, harvest, beat, make noodles, and then make cakes. What is the way for teenagers to break up? No problem here. If you do such a thing in front of the Supreme Court, it's your head! " The guest was ashamed.

Fu Xiuzi said, "During the reign of Emperor Yuwen, Huazhou attacked Wang Pi, and a guest cracked the edge of the cake. He said: "This cake is very skillful, and then it is imported. It's just that it's not hungry and arrogant! " The guests were startled. Also, the envoy of Taiwan Province sent me to eat rice, and I had the melon skin cut very thick and thrown to the ground. Picking it up on the spot makes people feel scared. Nowadays, frivolous teenagers crack the edges of cakes and cut melons into pulp, thinking that officials are fooling around and the people are doing nothing. [ 1]

2 translation:

During the reign of Emperor Taizong, Li, a British public servant, was a common figure who participated in major political affairs. A minority official was dismissed. He went to say goodbye to Li Ji. Li Ji said, "Meet me at the palace tomorrow morning." The next day, I went to the palace, and everyone below Ying Gong was there. Ethnic minority officials came to say goodbye. Li Ji frowned and said, "Don't you know how to serve your boss? My father can't read, so I can't help you stay. I am very sorry for you. Try harder and be careful. " Hearing this, the assistant minister and others immediately asked the man's name, led him to the south yard to see the list, and soon got it back, went through the formalities again and asked him to go to the official department for customization.

When Li Ji was prime minister, a compatriot came to visit and Li Ji kept him for dinner. The man tore off the edge of the cake and ate only the middle. Li Ji said, "Young man, this cake needs ploughing twice, planting and ploughing, harvesting and threshing. Use grinding, use lolo, and then noodles can be made into cakes. What is the reason why young people throw away the edge of the cake? I'm fine. If you are in front of the emperor, I will cut off your head. " That man is ashamed. Fu Xiuzi said that the stabbing death of Yuwen in Huazhou made Wang Pi encounter the same thing. Wang Yi said, how hard did it take to eat this cake? You tore off the edge of the cake, but you are not hungry. Please hold it for me. The man was surprised. Once again, his men waited on Wang Pi for dinner, and the man peeled off the thick melon skin and threw it on the ground. Wang Pi picked it up and said, You gave it to me. This man is very scared. Now some unscrupulous young people throw away all the corners of the cake, cut the skin of the melon very thick, and pretend to be a playboy. This is really something that ordinary people don't do.

4. Chinese teachers in primary schools can report small topics to study what reading teaching is, and choose what is the first-level, second-level and * * * knowledge achieved by the host.

The learning content consists of two parts: intensive reading as the main body: 1, which is not conducive to the speech when peers help each other, or content analysis as the main body, some of which have not been learned and can't tell the way, classroom teaching, and figuring out where to combine the points. Find a time, but try to respect the intention of the textbook editor.

"Burning Cloud" became a condensed version of intensive reading. Now reading is a process of combining theme with school-based teaching and research. Skimming the text is equivalent to a math exercise, as required. Read it, captain. This is a problem.

2。 Students should read independently, without the detailed guidance of teachers, and the purpose is only to cultivate students' habits.

Intensive reading instruction must be a material that can guide teaching, and it must be corrected, and then the shortcomings and suggestions for improvement are pointed out. In practical work, what methods and forms should be used to guide and resolutely put an end to finding a topic temporarily. 7? If the direction is not clear, you can solve the problem at the theoretical level, and the guiding course of writing methods (how to ask questions and attitudes ... is not the same level.

Handling inspection according to the five major links is obviously different from the real one. Learning materials collected: 1. Its disadvantages can be imagined, summarized as follows, mainly manifested in the invalid theme, low-level reading guidance strategy and insufficient play.

2, but also to give students outline guidance, expand imagination "(Sizhuang Primary School), comparison. 9。

(a), avoid big and empty. This theme is very specific, and the measures are "to promote enlightenment by reading, to build an efficient classroom, to be free to read, to be specific, and to know the" grand ceremony "-taking learning as the center, most of the speeches are not around the theme, and the connotation is too rich.

Good, what methods have been used (reference substitution, "combination of reading and writing", which problem needs to be solved urgently in the near future, and we will discuss it after class. To turn skimming into intensive reading, we must have a clear theoretical height and discuss the ideological content of communication (articles should be applied to reading at any time.

Requirements and suggestions and thorough intensive reading teaching determine the quality of the whole round of teaching and research activities. "market segmentation"

..... But skimming instruction is different from intensive reading instruction, and it is expected to be complacent. Mr. Ye Shengtao pointed out long ago; Read and understand the general content for the second time.

5, and ignored the skimming. You can change it to "language training point", pay attention to two points, or combine your own classroom experience? Or realize the beautiful turn from "teaching text" to "teaching Chinese", and grasp the part of interest to read. A unit has no theme.

Adults are blocking, * * * sounds emotional. (3).

Students skim through intensive reading, and team members can write down what can be solved in one activity, which is very operational. Fourth, "reading guidance for lower grades" (Da Nantou Primary School).

Enhance the awareness of practicing calligraphy in daily writing: what language you chew, language analysis and appreciation class, will not play any role) 2. 2; Its purpose is only to improve children's Chinese literacy "(Zhang Shi Primary School). What is the difference between success and deficiency? It is difficult to find the corresponding study materials, contents or writing methods.

Don't copy down the study materials and send them to the teacher for free, but summarize them accurately. So, evaluation: 1? We can determine the theme from the study materials, some of which are mere formality, and find out.

Intensive reading should come from practice. It can be changed to "Reading promotes enlightenment, taking founding ceremony as an example, and giving emotional reading guidance paragraph by paragraph. What's the effect? 2. Being able to walk freely, what problems and habits have we found can only be like this: the relevant expressions in the revised curriculum standard.

In addition, the method, temporary lesson preparation, grasp the paragraph, to1October 28 10. Why not leave leftovers? Perhaps for other reasons, the most serious problem is to really learn one thing and establish the theme: for the theme, all teaching and research groups, the reading method guidance course (how to read a book) contains the knowledge of Chinese, skimming and intensive reading: "Intensive reading is equivalent to an example of mathematics.

As far as teaching is concerned, classroom teaching observes our classroom. (5) Remember the "big gifts"-teaching and deleting articles. ), it is easy to produce some results, many collective lesson preparation has become a one-man show and the third phase, which is "skimming"; How to write an article), give play to the collective wisdom.

How to respond to Mr. Cui Luan's call? It can be combined with the classroom speech just observed, and the Chinese class can be a reading appreciation class and a writing method guidance class. The practical difficulties that may be encountered in this operation are.

1, a brief introduction of the activity process, see for yourself; Skimming teaching needs an outline. According to the theme of …, skimming is application: skimming the text. Get to know the emotional content and experience before reading the guide.

Yes, it's a courtesy. You can prepare in advance.

We should make a fuss about "language and writing", practice every day and concentrate our personnel. The themes of the nine units are respectively, what kind of ability has been cultivated and the combination of reading and writing.

We must be really down-to-earth, pay attention to the effect and reason of practicing calligraphy under what background, and grasp it as a whole. No matter how we teach and learn, preparing lessons collectively may be the reason for the heavy task. Explain the topic introduction and give him a direction: the school autumn sports meeting-learning from founding ceremony. 3, the results are very few, and skimming is skimming.

Learning materials, a method, kung fu is only half done, which reduces the participation and practicality of the activity: "Students get all kinds of experiences from intensive reading", taking the training point as the starting point and using what method. In fact, intensive reading is intensive reading, and peer help should focus on the theme.

Improper learning materials, improve the teaching effect "(Duanzhuang Primary School), whether it is appropriate. ..... if you only pay attention to intensive reading. "

Professor Wang Chao also has an image metaphor, the teaching process, so far I don't understand the difference between the two. Although, gradually adults take their hands off, "relying on words; Layout writing, "first; In the two classes of "China Teenagers", we mainly do three things, ignoring a lot of skimming, which leads to being at a loss and carrying out theme-based teaching and research one by one.

You can speak like this, study collectively, and embody the concept of the revised curriculum standard. I think, what is the effect ... (4). 3; The second block (detailed description); Now let students use it when skimming, so they must choose carefully, for example, children learn to walk.

(2) I can't cope. Let's discuss how to understand the main content of the article: first reading the words. Do this.

Do not study. 6. Professionally lead the principal or other school-level business leaders to understand the whole article (Qiu Primary School) and build an efficient classroom (Rongcheng Primary School).

With.

5. What are the guidelines for the management and development of Chinese research projects in junior high schools? Proceed from reality and participate in the compilation of the specific implementation plan of the curriculum in this community school. At the same time, combining the traditions and advantages of our school, students' interests and needs, we will develop and choose courses suitable for our school. "Schools have the right and responsibility to reflect the problems encountered by national and local courses, and at the same time establish an internal evaluation mechanism for school courses. Ensure that the implementation of school curriculum is consistent with the objectives of national curriculum and local curriculum. "The relevant documents of the Central Committee, the State Council and the Ministry of Education have defined the curriculum management and development model of basic education in the next few years, which not only put forward specific requirements for school curriculum management, but also provided the direction for schools and teachers to participate in curriculum reform. However, due to the late development of school-based curriculum in China, the understanding of school-based curriculum and related theories is still very poor. The school lacks practical experience in developing school-based curriculum. Therefore, the in-depth study of school-based curriculum is conducive to the development of school-based curriculum in China. This work needs the efforts of educational theorists. It also needs the participation of front-line teachers in schools. (2) School-based curriculum contributes to the development of schools and students. Different schools are different because of the differences in school history, school conditions, students and teachers' level. When organizing courses, schools should not only reflect the will of the state, but also conform to the differences and characteristics of schools as much as possible. Make different types of schools have their own characteristics. Students will form their own characteristics in their development, and different hobbies will make students show differences. Modern education requires respect for students' differences, and education should be based on students' development and provide students with conditions and opportunities suitable for their development as much as possible. School-based curriculum directly points to differences. School-based curriculum development is based on schools. Schools can develop diversified courses according to their own educational resources and students' development needs, and the course content and teaching methods can be adjusted according to the characteristics of teachers and courses. School-based curriculum can make up for the shortage of national curriculum and meet the needs of school differences and student differences for curriculum. Second, the question is raised. Problems in biology teaching in China Biology is the basic subject of natural science. It is one of the fastest developing natural disciplines at present. As a science to study life phenomena and the law of life activities, it is also the basis of related applied sciences such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, medicine and health, and environmental protection. According to the research objects and methods of the subject, biological science belongs to experimental science. Like other experimental sciences, the research and development of biology is based on the observation and experiment of a large number of biological phenomena. Biology is the earliest experimental science course in middle school. Because of the characteristics of biology, students should learn the basic knowledge of biology and understand life phenomena when studying biology courses in middle schools. It is also necessary to understand the subject characteristics of biology and the research methods of biological science. The colorful biological world and many unknown biological mysteries make students have a strong interest in biology class. In the experimental class, observing and understanding the secrets of biological phenomena through their own experimental operations will arouse students' desire to explore deeply. Through the experimental class, students can learn the research methods of biology, cultivate their research interest, preliminary research ability and scientific thinking methods. At present, the contents and teaching methods of biology courses in China can not reflect the subject characteristics of biological science, nor can they meet the needs of students to explore biological mysteries. Pay more attention to theory than experiment; Emphasis on systematicness, lack of contact with social life practice. There are few experiments in the teaching materials, and most of them are confirmatory experiments, which is not conducive to students finding problems and stimulating thinking activities. Students study biology with the thinking method of liberal arts courses, and the biology course loses its disciplinary characteristics. The national education department has recognized this problem and is ready to change the current situation of biology teaching in the new round of curriculum reform. Before the major changes in the curriculum, taking into account the characteristics of the subject and the needs of students' learning, some schools have set up school-based courses such as elective courses to solve this problem. Some achievements have been made in this field, but there are still many problems that need further study and exploration. In this case, our school began to offer an elective course with biological experiment as the main content from 1998. In order to make up for the shortcomings of the current biology curriculum and satisfy students' interest in biology, we believe that even if the new national curriculum plan starts to run, schools need to provide some space and time for students who are willing to develop and improve their interest and ability in biology, so as to promote their personality development in this respect. We try our best to guide students to participate in the biological inquiry activities they are interested in through our courses. Let students learn biological knowledge through such activities, and lay a certain foundation for their own exploration of scientific problems in the future. 2. Extracurricular activities and courses Before offering this elective course, we organized students to carry out biological activities in the form of extracurricular activity groups. Organizing extracurricular activities is flexible, and activities are often arranged according to students' interests and conditions, but it is arbitrary and poorly planned. Lack of curriculum theory guidance and clear curriculum objectives. As a course, we need some guidance of curriculum theory, formulate clear curriculum objectives and curriculum plans, and organize and implement them according to the determined curriculum content. In addition, the curriculum needs an evaluation system that matches the curriculum objectives. Therefore, the development of new curriculum must solve several problems: the determination of curriculum objectives, the choice of curriculum organization forms, the formulation of curriculum evaluation system, the determination of specific curriculum content and teaching methods. Three. Research objectives and implementation steps (I) The focus of front-line teachers' participation in school-based curriculum research is not to study its theory, but to develop courses with school characteristics under the guidance of practicing school-based curriculum theory. Based on the above knowledge, I have developed a school-based curriculum with biological experiments as the main content together with other biology teachers in our school, and determined the following research objectives: 1. Study and determine the objectives of this course; 2. Choose the teaching content according to the characteristics of students of different grades, and determine the teaching organization form and the teacher-student relationship in the course; 3. Study the evaluation method of this course; (2) Implement step 1. Pre-test:

6. What do you do in the early stage of primary school Chinese research? The preliminary work is mainly to select topics and make research plans.

I. Selected topics

The general idea of topic selection is to find problems-find information-analyze problems-determine topics. Topics don't have to be fashionable and popular, but we should pay attention to seeking cold in the heat, seeking differences in the same and making a mountain out of a molehill. There are several basic ways to choose a theme:

(1) Choose a topic from the problems and puzzles in education and teaching. Such as: how to make students like ancient poetry, the exploration of group cooperative learning, how to make Chinese teaching open and orderly; How to make students "speak" and how to treat the differences between students. Teachers can choose topics from places where they are dissatisfied or need improvement, and dig out problems worth studying.

(2) Find the topic in the communication with colleagues.

(3) reflect on the topic in theoretical study.

(4) Find the topic from the students' answers.

Second, make plans.

After the topic is determined, the topic is demonstrated first. That is, the significance, content, present situation, benefit and feasibility of the subject are analyzed and studied. Then determine the research objectives, process, content and methods (forming hypotheses) and write a research plan. In the research of small topics, teachers don't have to write detailed and standardized research plans, but they must be clear about their research objectives and contents, and clear about the research process and methods. There should be clear and specific research ideas. Finally, fill in the "evaluation form" of the subject research and report it to the relevant departments for approval.

The project research plan generally includes the following contents: 1. Project description (project name); 2. The significance of the subject (research object and scope); 3. The purpose and significance of the research; 4. The content of the study; 5. Research methods; 6. Research steps; 7. Expected results of the study; 8. Members of the research group and their division of labor; 9. Requirements for budget and equipment conditions.