How to inherit and innovate the excellent traditional content of China's medical ethics?

Professional ethics education is one of the important contents of ideological and moral cultivation and legal basic courses. The professional ethics education of medical students in medical colleges should not only follow the general rules of professional ethics education in general universities, but also combine the characteristics of medical colleges and medical professional activities and pay attention to strengthening medical ethics education. Medical ethics education is an effective way of ideological and political education in medical colleges. Traditional medical ethics education is of practical significance to cultivate the national spirit and humanistic spirit of medical students and firmly establish the medical professional concept. However, under the new historical conditions, it is difficult to adapt to the needs of the development of socialist medical and health work by simply inheriting traditional medical ethics. It has become a historical necessity to explore ways to inherit traditional medical ethics and improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education for medical students.

Keywords: professional ethics education; Medical colleges and universities; Traditional medical ethics education

The goal of ideological and political education in colleges and universities is to cultivate college students with all-round development, and the cultivation of moral quality is one of its important contents. Professional ethics is a reflection of a person's moral quality in his professional field. Medical students are future medical staff. The professional ethics education of medical students in medical colleges should not only follow the general rules of professional ethics education in general colleges, but also combine the characteristics of medical colleges and medical professional activities and pay attention to strengthening medical ethics education. Inheriting and reforming traditional medical ethics is an urgent and meaningful research work to develop higher medical education and strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.

1 Medical ethics education is an effective way of ideological and political education in medical colleges.

Professional activities are the most common and basic activities in human social life. Professional ethics is a code of conduct formed and formulated to regulate and restrain employees' professional activities. They are widely used in all aspects of professional life, which not only guide and restrain practitioners from all walks of life, but also are necessary conditions to ensure the sustained, healthy and orderly development of society. Professional ethics education is one of the important contents of ideological and moral cultivation and legal basic courses. Combining the characteristics of medical colleges and times, it is of great significance to improve the professional ethics of medical students and cultivate noble professional spirit.

Medical colleges and universities are the main places to train medical and health reserve teams and fresh troops for socialist modernization. The morality of medical students is directly related to their professional ethics after they take up medical jobs, and will also have a direct impact on the morality of the whole society. School professional ethics education is an important means to promote medical students to form relatively stable medical ethics quality and transform it into their own medical ethics behavior in future professional practice. Taking medical professional ethics education as the breakthrough point, strengthening the ideological and political education of medical students is an effective way to realize the ideological and political goal of cultivating medical students into healthy social people and qualified medical workers. Strengthening the ideological and political education of medical students from the perspective of medical professional ethics education can not only highlight the characteristics of professional ethics education, but also fully reflect the goal of comprehensive quality education with ideological and political education as the main body.

1. 1 Ideological and political education with medical ethics education as the breakthrough point is the need of medical students' own growth and is conducive to promoting the growth of medical students.

At present, the diversification of stakeholders and moral concepts in China inevitably affects the ideological and moral of medical students to varying degrees. Therefore, in this special stage of self-growth, we should strengthen the education of integrating into professional ideals, so that medical students can master the essential characteristics and obligations of the future doctor profession through mastering the medical ethics norms, and have good ability to adapt, understand and transform society; Improving the enthusiasm and initiative of medical students' moral cultivation, so that they can clearly understand their moral requirements in combination with their own characteristics and professional reality, so as to achieve the effect of improving moral cultivation, which is the greatest reality of medical students' moral education, the need for medical students to base themselves on society and their own growth, and is conducive to promoting the growth of medical students. [ 1]

1.2 is conducive to building a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

To build a harmonious society, a harmonious doctor-patient relationship is an important foundation and component, and medical workers' humanistic knowledge, ethics and professionalism are the important foundation of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship. How to make students apply what they have learned and guide them to make good use of what they have learned determines that ideological and political education for medical students should pay attention to both theory and practice.

The endless disputes between doctors and patients have profoundly highlighted the seriousness of the current medical ethics crisis in China. How to solve this crisis has become a major issue related to the construction of a harmonious society. Exploring traditional medical ethics and using it to restrain medical staff is a good medicine to solve the medical ethics crisis.

1.3 is conducive to promoting Chinese medicine culture and promoting the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.

In the new historical period, carrying forward and innovating China's traditional medical ethics is an urgent and meaningful research work to develop the cause of Chinese medicine, carry forward the culture of Chinese medicine and strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.

2. Inheritance and modern transformation of traditional medical ethics

Professional ethics has the characteristics of times and historical inheritance. Traditional medical ethics aims at guiding the practice of TCM diagnosis and treatment, remolding the noble medical ethics of TCM workers and improving the ideological and moral quality of medical students. Inheriting excellent traditional medical ethics is of great theoretical and practical significance for further strengthening the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and improving the medical ethics of medical staff. However, today's medical activities in China are experiencing an unprecedented complex situation, and the ongoing medical system reform will have a profound impact on medical activities, which determines the changing trend of related medical ethics construction theories. How to change the situation that medicine is only scientific and inhuman, so as to better promote the realization of medical purposes, is an urgent task that contemporary medical ethics construction must face.

2. 1 Connotation and essence of traditional medical ethics

China's traditional medical ethics thought, as the educational implementation of China's unique ethical thought and humanistic consciousness, is of great practical significance for cultivating students' national spirit and humanistic spirit in China's medical colleges (especially Chinese medicine colleges), inheriting and carrying forward China's fine medical ethics tradition, and firmly establishing medical professional thought.

Traditional medical ethics came into being in ancient society, and gradually formed the unique medical ethics thoughts and norms of China medicine through the medical practice representing the society. Its contents mainly include: respecting and cherishing the "noble" thought of life; The medical purpose of "medicine is benevolence"; The principle of "universal equivalence" in medical practice; Moral concept of valuing righteousness over profit; Clean and honest medical style; Respect the modesty of fellow travelers; Pay attention to moral self-discipline and self-cultivation; Dedicate oneself to medical care, etc. It is this traditional medical ethics that inspires medical workers to have a sacred sense of professional responsibility and makes admirable contributions to saving human life and the development of medical career in China. Inheriting and carrying forward these precious medical ethics traditions is of great significance to medical students under the background of market economy in China.

2.2 Confusion and change of traditional medical ethics

As a part of social morality, medical ethics is deeply restricted and influenced by the changes of social and economic development, social structure and cultural relations. With the changes of society, especially the impact of market economy, the limitations of traditional medical ethics that focus on practitioners' "introspection" and "conscience" are becoming more and more obvious. Paying more attention to righteousness than profit or even ignoring "selfish desires" is in sharp contrast to the awakening of medical staff's interest consciousness brought about by market economy, and the phenomenon of "materialization" of medical ethics is serious. Coupled with the continuous development of medical science and technology, the continuous transformation of medical model and the increasing development of new technologies, many new medical ethics topics and a series of new medical ethics requirements have been put forward. If we simply inherit the traditional medical ethics, it will be difficult to meet the needs of the development of socialist medical and health work. It has become a historical necessity to transform, innovate and carry forward the medical ethics norms with China characteristics.

The reform and innovation of traditional medical ethics is a historical necessity. The key lies in the attempt to solve the problem, which not only keeps the essence of traditional medical ethics, but also adapts to the requirements of the new era. In this regard, it is particularly important to emphasize the return to real life, build a social governance structure on the basis of realistic ethical relations, and design and arrange according to realistic ethical spirit.

3 ways to improve the effectiveness of medical ethics education for medical students

The ultimate goal of moral education is to transform good moral cognition into good moral behavior, that is, the unity of "knowing" and "doing". "Unity of knowing and doing" is ultimately a matter of effect. To improve the effectiveness of medical students' medical ethics education, we must adhere to three combinations: First, adhere to the combination of regular education and centralized education, highlight the systematicness of educational content, and bring medical ethics education into the track of regularization, institutionalization and standardization. Second, adhere to the combination of theoretical education and practice to enhance the stability of educational effect. According to the principle of "knowing and doing are consistent" in moral education, we should not only understand it with reason in theory, but also "practice it with action" in practice. Third, adhere to the combination of positive education and negative education and carry out typical comparative education activities.

3. 1 change the medical education mode, pay attention to the continuous reform and innovation of teaching organization forms and methods, and introduce "PBL" teaching method and "case-based" teaching method.

In order to cultivate high-quality medical talents with innovative spirit and practical ability, professional ethics education in medical colleges must establish a new concept of taking problems as the center, strengthening ability education and implementing values education. The professional ethics education of medical students must not be from theory to theory, but must be proved by real reality. It is difficult for people to listen to the theory divorced from reality, enter their minds, let alone enter their hearts, and it is difficult to achieve the effect of conquering people.

Problem-centered learning method and case teaching method can make students actively participate in the learning process, actively think about problems, change passive learning into active learning, and realize the combination of theory and practice. When teachers put forward questions and cases, they can inspire students' thinking, organize research and discussion, make students have a strong sense of participation, active thinking, broaden their horizons, strengthen their understanding of ethical norms and principles, enhance their perceptual and rational understanding, and finally achieve the goal of improving their ability to analyze and solve problems. A large number of studies show that problem-centered learning methods and case teaching methods have important practical significance for cultivating high-quality medical talents.

3.2 Expand the content of medical ethics education.

To get out of the crisis of traditional medical ethics, we need to do practical things in expanding the content of medical ethics education.

Virtue and obligation are the basic points of China's traditional medical ethics. Physicians in past dynasties have put forward many moral norms or guidelines to deal with the relationship between doctors and patients and the responsibility of doctors. , emphasizing doctors' own moral cultivation and self-discipline and their obligations to patients. "Doctors are kind-hearted" is a universal professional ethics. From traditional society to modern society, great changes have taken place in social organization structure, cultural concept and medical model, which has brought about changes in medical ethics. An outstanding performance is the rise of rights theory and axiology in the medical field, and rights and values are just the blind spots of traditional medical ethics. Under the background of the collision between old and new medical ethics, the singleness and narrowness of traditional medical ethics make it unable to cope with complex modern ethical problems. However, the similarity between traditional medical ethics and modern medical ethics makes the traditional medical ethics' humanitarian spirit of saving the wounded and saving the dying and being loyal to their duties always have eternal value, even today when medical technology is highly developed and the consciousness of market economy is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Therefore, while retaining the essence of traditional medical ethics, modern medical ethics education must be expanded in content, combining virtue with rules, rights with obligations, and obligations with values, so that the essence of traditional medical ethics can be organically integrated into the modern medical ethics system. [2]

3.3 Pay attention to clinical practice.

Social practice plays an important role in cultivating medical students' professional ethics. Social investigation, voluntary service and service learning are all effective carriers to improve the effect of medical ethics education. Medical students should get in touch with clinic and society as early as possible, and broaden the field of medical ethics education in time and space.

Judging from the training process of medical students, a large part of teaching activities are carried out in affiliated hospitals and teaching hospitals. Therefore, we should not only do a good job in moral education for students in the basic learning stage, but also do a good job in moral education for students in the later clinical stage. Practice shows that the cultivation of medical ethics and behavior of medical workers is deeply influenced by their clinical practice experience. [3] Therefore, medical ethics education in practice is particularly important. When students go to the hospital for internship, they should first select doctors who are noble in medical ethics, skillful in medical skills, honest in medical practice, active in work and rich in teaching experience. Secondly, starting from the system, standardize the behavior of interns, and combine the performance of interns in the internship hospital with evaluation, evaluation, award and comprehensive evaluation. Third, establish a supervision mechanism. In addition to the supervision of teaching doctors, interns should set up supervision boxes, follow up outpatients and inpatients, measure patients' satisfaction, grasp typical cases, set an example, and play a guiding role by setting an example. [4]

3.4 Integration into professional education.

Studies have shown that most medical students choose this major based on their hobbies and ideals, and they all like medical courses, with high attendance and serious lectures. Therefore, teachers must grasp this psychological characteristic of students, guide students to build their professional ideals on the basis of noble medical ethics and superb medical skills, and put medical ethics education in the teaching of professional courses, so that students can be educated unconsciously while studying professional courses. This kind of education is more practical, more acceptable and more convincing than pure theoretical education. [5]

3.5 Pay attention to the exemplary role of noble medical ethics.

In the medical history of China, many doctors with exquisite medical skills and noble medical ethics emerged, offering examples and encouragement to future generations. Such as, Hua Tuo, Zhang Zhongjing, Sun Simiao, Li Shizhen, Ye, etc. They are all famous doctors with superb medical skills and noble moral character. Sun Simiao, a medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, pointed out in "Great Doctor Sincerity" that a good doctor should pay attention to two things: one is "precision", that is, superb technology; The second is "sincerity", that is, moral character should be noble and medical ethics should be good. In contemporary China, Bethune's spirit inspired generations, and a number of outstanding doctors such as Lin, Zhao Xuefang and Wei Jianing emerged. They have infinite love for medicine, strive for perfection in medical skills, have deep sympathy for patients and are extremely responsible for their work. This spirit of unremitting efforts and selfless dedication to the medical cause of the motherland has gathered brilliant medical virtues. In teaching, we should attach importance to the exemplary role of these noble medical ethics, let students pursue far and learn near, stimulate medical students' love, yearning and reverence for medical ethics models with the power of example, and inspire them to forge ahead at all times with the power of example.

3.6 Cultural edification, cultivate a good campus cultural atmosphere.

Strengthening the ideological and political education of medical students, on the one hand, combining the medical characteristics in professional basic courses and specialized courses, imparting the traditional medical spirit of "benevolence" and infiltrating excellent traditional culture education in professional teaching. On the other hand, in the teaching plan, certain humanities courses are offered, which require students to take elective courses to cultivate their sentiments and improve their taste.

Campus cultural construction is an important carrier to cultivate innovative spirit, and campus cultural activities are an important way of moral education. In medical colleges and universities, cultural education and cultural guidance can not only strengthen the moral cultivation of college students, but also help them establish the correct belief of knowing, understanding and participating in society. Whether it is campus material culture such as humanistic environment and historical environment, or spiritual culture such as school history and school motto, and a series of thematic ideological education activities, college students can be stimulated to identify themselves. By strengthening the humanistic background of medical students, the majority of students can be influenced by excellent traditional culture, enlighten their thoughts and realize the philosophy of life.