Want to know about Shandong folk customs

Shandong is the "hometown of Confucius and Mencius" and a country of etiquette. Its profound cultural heritage endows Shandong people with simple, generous and hospitable characters, and "Shandong Dahan" has become synonymous with Shandong people's character and physique. Shandong is rich in folk customs, and people pay attention to homesickness, friendship and affection. During traditional festivals such as Lantern Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and Spring Festival, colorful folk entertainment activities such as Lantern Festival, Mountain Festival, Temple Fair, Moon Appreciation Party and get-together are held all over the country, and folk customs such as playing dragon lanterns, running dry boats, dancing yangko and walking on stilts are performed.

Regional characteristics:

From ancient times to the present, Shandong folk culture has been constantly communicating between regions due to regional differences, immigration, transportation, and going out for grades, which shows the evolution of folk customs and forms a trend of absorption and opening up. In the eastern coastal areas, the customs of fishing and going out to do business are the most prominent. Rizhao, Rongcheng, Penglai and Long Island are the most typical fishing villages. Yimeng Mountain area in the southeast of Shandong Province is an area with early origin of ancient culture, which has both mountain characteristics and more traditional folk customs. Southwest Shandong and northwest Shandong are alluvial plains of the Yellow River, and folk customs are closely related to the ancient Yellow River, which is unique.

Reasons for formation:

The folk culture brought by immigrants has a far-reaching influence on Shandong folk customs. In the early Ming Dynasty, the policy of "emigrating to a wider countryside" was implemented. From the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty to Yongle, a large number of immigrants moved from Sophora japonica in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province to Shandong, Dezhou, Binzhou, Liaocheng, Tai 'an, Heze, Jining and other places, and some moved eastward from Binzhou. This is how Shanxi folk customs affect Shandong, such as cooking without fire at the Cold Food Festival. Many residents of several counties in northwest Shandong (now Liaocheng) immigrated from Zaoqiang County in Zhili (now Hebei Province) in the early Ming Dynasty. Liaocheng and Weifang's cloth tigers, clay dolls, woodblock New Year pictures, kites and other folk works of art close to the strong jujube style are well-known at home and abroad. In the early Ming Dynasty, most immigrants from Sichuan to Shandong concentrated in Laizhou. Therefore, the customs of Laizhou are different from those of its eastern neighbors, and many cities have moved to different parts of Shandong, with different folk customs.

Wharf towns along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which flourished in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Dezhou, Linqing, Liaocheng (Dongchang) and Jining in Shandong, have different customs and habits from other parts of Shandong due to the influence of north-south water transportation. Most of these towns have a bamboo lane, where common bamboo weaving shops in the south of the Yangtze River are concentrated, and the teahouse opened on the street is also in the same pavement pattern, selling tea and drinking tea. The Yutang Sauce Garden in Jining was moved from Suzhou along the canal, and its products have maintained the Jiangnan style so far, still using the signboard of "Gusu Old Shop".

A typical example of the folk cultural exchange brought about by going out to find a job is that Shandong people in history went to Kanto, or "went to Kanto". There are roughly two different types of Shandong people who go to Kanto: one is that their families moved to villages and mountainous areas in the northeast, which is said to be "forced to enter Kanto"; One is that he lives in Shandong, but he has been doing business in the northeast for most of his life, commonly known as "Jutian". They brought the customs of Shandong to the northeast and back to Shandong. Long-term exchanges have made the folk cultures of the two places have many similarities, especially some folk stories with the same content, such as the story of bald-tailed Lao Li and ginseng, which are also widely circulated in Shandong and Northeast China. Shandong customs are influenced by the northeast, especially Jiaodong.

Shandong regional culture is very individual and inclusive. Traditional handicrafts with a long history, such as kites, woodblock New Year pictures, paper-cuts, cloth toys, internal painting pots, Lu embroidery, Lu brocade and Lu Yan, as well as local operas such as Lu Opera, Liu Zi Opera and Lu Bangzi, as well as martial arts and acrobatics, are deeply loved by tourists. Shandong cuisine is the first of the major cuisines in China, and it is the foundation and representative of northern cuisines. Among them, jinan cuisine, Jiaodong cuisine and Confucian cuisine have their own advantages and complement each other.

Unique drinking customs:

When it comes to folk customs in Shandong, we have to mention the "drinking" custom in Shandong. When you come to Shandong, men, women and children must have a bite, "No, drink less", which is the performance of Shandong people's hospitality. Shandong people "drink", there are strict rules about where guests sit, how to serve food and how to drink.

Shandong people "drink" every guest's sitting posture has a certain emphasis, which is divided into main escort, deputy main escort, main guest, deputy main guest, three guests, four guests, and so on. The "main escort" is the first level of guests, which is located in front of the front door. The main function is basically the owner of the manor, grasping the time of this banquet and the degree of drinking. "Deputy escort" is the second priority of guests, opposite to the main escort, that is, with their backs to the door. This position is more about driving guests to drink. "Guest of honor" is the first level of guests, located on the right hand side of "guest of honor". "Deputy guest of honor" is the second priority of guests, located on the left hand side of "main escort". "Sanbin" is the third order of the guest, and it is located on the right hand side of the "deputy escort". "Four passengers" is the fourth level on the passenger side, located on the left hand side of the "passenger side". And so on.

"Drinking" in Shandong is not only serving food, but also pouring tea and wine. All starting positions start from the position of the guest of honor. For the first course on the dining table, the host will help the guests with chopsticks, which is a sign of respect for the guests and means that everyone can eat the dishes. No matter whether the guests like this dish or not, they should take a bite after thanking them (if it is a national custom such as Hui nationality, it should be put forward before this, and the host will be prepared when making arrangements. If the guest has special taboos, this dish can explain the reason and refuse. The host will put this chopstick on his plate, and others can still receive the signal to start eating.

Drinking indicates the official start of the party. So drinking must be initiated by the owner. Generally, the containers of liquor are in twos and threes or twos and two halves, that is, a bottle of liquor is poured into three or four cups. The more formal drinking method of liquor in Shandong province is to invite six people to drink the first cup, and then drink it at will. The order of the six ports is: the main escort three ports and the auxiliary escort three ports. Before that, guests can't take the initiative to propose a toast. The ratio of beer is one to six or one to eight. After six bites, all of them are required to be killed. After the main escort agency and the auxiliary escort agency are finished, the main escort agency will announce the start of free time. Under normal circumstances, everyone on the host side, including the host and deputy, will drink with each guest once, and the enthusiastic host will drink with each guest twice. The so-called "state of etiquette, drinking in pairs." Generally speaking, the guest will invite the host again. Finally, the host will greet everyone to finish the last cup, which is the signal of the end of the banquet, commonly known as "Menqing", and ask them to finish the last cup.

Generally speaking, different regions in Shandong Province have different drinking laws and drinking intensities, especially in Jiaodong, such as Qingdao, Weihai and Yantai. Because these places are near the sea, eating seafood is not suitable for drinking beer, and they will get a disease called gout, so Jiaodong, which is near the sea, drinks the most. However, drinking in Shandong is very real, and the host drinks while respecting the guests. So if you drink in Shandong and meet a host who can't drink, everyone can relax a lot.

Taiwan has a long history and a long culture. In the long history of thousands of years, the ancestors living in this hot land have created many folk customs with clear themes, concise contents, easy learning and popularization. Culturally, there are dry boat running, donkey running, walking on stilts, dragon dancing, Jiaodong yangko and so on. Daily customs such as Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Spring Festival, etc.

When the baby was born, Shandong was commonly known as "Tian". Hang a piece of red cloth, red dates, chestnuts, peanuts and other things at the door. Mark Tian Xi.

It is an important part of fertility custom to report good news to one's parents. In the past, people with status sent servants and ordinary people sent brothers, but now most of them are sons-in-law who go in person. Generally, there will be good news on the third day, the same day or the next day of the baby's birth.

In the old society, boys born in Jiaoxian reported good news on the third day and girls reported good news on the sixth day. Take 20 steamed buns 1 kg when you go, and your mother's family must leave them all, otherwise the children will be difficult to raise; Niangjiahui 19 eggs, 4 bowls of millet. The first person you meet on the road wants to give the red egg, which is called "everyone loves you".

In Penglai county, boys bring roosters to report good news, while girls use hens to report good news.

The boy in Zouxian reported the good news with a book and the girl reported the good news with a flower. In addition, "happy eggs", that is, eggs dyed red, are sent to neighbors and relatives. The bride's family, relatives and neighbors all come to congratulate the New Year, which is called "sending porridge to rice" or "sending Tommy".

Usually, relatives, friends and neighbors will send some eggs, flour, millet, snacks and other gifts to the pregnant women after seeing the red picks or receiving happy smiles. In the past, this was not only a human emotion, but also a nature to help neighbors. In some places, the host family will give back a few red eggs to show their gratitude. In the future, the baby will have different celebrations for one month, one hundred years old (one hundred days) and one year old.

In Penglai, Shandong Province, the Dragon Boat Festival usually draws Ai Hu on one door and gourd on the other. Folk call paper-cut door flower gourd "poison-collecting gourd" or "disaster-eliminating gourd", which is a simplified Ai Hu with a tiger head at the lower part of the waist. There is a scorpion on the waist, which symbolizes the five poisons absorbed. The seven-star sword on the back of the gourd indicates that the sheet is used as a sword. "Jia Qinglu" quoted Wu Manyun's "Jiang Xiangjie's Wu Ci" as saying: "Park Jian, cut the grass to kill ghosts; Drunk dancing, old ghosts should also retreat. "

Yuhuangding Temple Fair The 19th day of the first lunar month is the birthday of the Jade Emperor. On this day, there was an endless stream of good men and women who came to Yuhuangding Park to pray for the blessing of the Jade Emperor. Beijing opera performances, yangko, folk handicrafts and local snacks are fascinating.

On the third day of the third lunar month, pear blossoms in Tashan are in full bloom, and all the mountains are white. In addition, there is a Taiping Temple on the top of the mountain that integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. So far, there are many prayers, and over time, a mountain meeting has been formed. At that time, dragon lanterns, lion dances, local opera performances and cockfighting performances will be staged one after another. The mountain will last about a week.

Laiyang Pear Flower Festival Laiyang is rich in pears, which is world-famous and is known as the "pear town". In the pear town in April, pear blossoms are like white snow, curling smoke, strolling among pear trees and wandering under them, which makes people relaxed and happy. At the Pear Blossom Festival held on April 20th every year, please enjoy the scenery of "a thousand pear blossoms, a stream of willows and a stream of cigarettes".

Laizhou Rose Festival Laizhou is the hometown of roses in China, and May 25th is the "Laizhou Rose Festival" every year. At this time, it is the season when Chinese rose flowers are in full bloom. The city is full of colorful flowers, which is refreshing.