Explore the differences between Chinese and western sports cultures from the perspective of historical development?

The main features of China's traditional culture are: attaching importance to the unity of heaven and man in the relationship between man and nature, and showing the harmony between people in the relationship between people. China's philosophy never thinks that man and nature are hostile, but that man and nature are complementary, and people should help and cooperate with each other. Emphasis is placed on the spirit of collective sacrifice, on taking righteousness as benefit, and on hard work and dedication. The concept of justice and benefit constitutes the value orientation of Confucian economic theory in production behavior. It is people's work attitude that brings out the benefits of righteousness. As early as the time of origin, hard work and professionalism were admirable virtues, which were derived from social knowledge. The so-called "people's livelihood is diligent, and diligence is not lacking." In dealing with the relationship between individuals and society, Confucian culture advocates solemn self-control, attaches importance to the influence of education, pursues skills, advocates social responsibility and hard work, and rarely emphasizes self-interest, forming the pursuit of harmonious and efficient development of groups, showing greater advantages than individualistic culture. China's traditional culture with Confucianism as the main body is extensive and profound. Once it is combined with the positive factors of foreign culture, especially with the western ideas that reflect the development requirements of modern market economy, it can become the spiritual driving force of economic and social development. The rapid economic development of Japan and the "Four Little Dragons" in Asia is evidence. These countries and regions are in the radiation circle of Chinese culture and have an indissoluble bond with Chinese culture. China's traditional sports culture and western competitive sports culture; China's traditional sports culture and western competitive sports culture are two main forces that develop synchronously in the world sports culture. Although they have different systems, forms and connotations, they are all the common wealth of mankind. The economic basis for the emergence and development of sports culture in China is the agricultural economy based on agriculture. This self-sufficient natural agricultural economy determines that China's sports culture is very closed and introverted, and its ideological core is to attach importance to the harmony between man and nature, pursue the unity of man and nature, and conform to the development of nature. Western competitive sports culture is a cultural form represented by modern Olympics. It is the product of European capitalist market economy, and it gradually matures with the emergence and development of western large-scale industry and market economic system. Nowadays, with the opening of the curtain of globalization, the communication between different cultures is increasing. Therefore, discussing the unity of opposites between Chinese and western sports cultures is of great significance for us to grasp the essence of Chinese and western sports cultures and promote the exchange of Chinese and western sports cultures. 1. Analysis of geographical background of Chinese and western sports culture Geographical environment is the premise for a nation's culture to form a certain type. Western competitive sports originated in ancient Greece, and Greek culture has a fundamental influence on modern western competitive sports. Greece is surrounded by the sea on three sides and has a mountainous territory. Most areas are not suitable for farming, but suitable for overseas trade. In this environment, the Greeks developed a national character of self-improvement, enthusiastic pursuit, active thinking and good at competition. Therefore, the western competitive sports culture has the characteristics of competitiveness and utility from the beginning. China is located in the east of the Asian continent, with oceans in the east and mountains and deserts in the northwest. The territory of nearly 6.5438+million square kilometers has formed a relatively closed environment, and an independent cultural system has been formed in such a relatively closed geographical environment. It is based on Confucianism, with benevolence, morality and ethics as the core, taking into account the thoughts of Taoism, Legalism and Buddhism. Therefore, China sports culture has a cultural tendency of emphasizing interpersonal relationships, advocating the golden mean, despising competition and valuing literature over martial arts. Second, the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western sports cultures (1) the differences in the spiritual connotation of Chinese and western sports cultures. Influenced by Chinese culture, China traditional sports culture pays attention to the exploration of people's inner moral conscience. In the final analysis, it pays attention to people's moral cultivation. Confucian culture in China has created such a road: exploring the world from the inside out, from the inside out, from the inside out, from the inside out, from the inside out, and from the inside out, so it is a process from the inside out. This forms the main spirit or basic spirit of China culture, that is, ethical spirit. These concepts and spirits with simple materialism play a vital role in the formation and development of traditional sports, and are the theoretical pillars of traditional sports culture in China. Influenced by western culture, the development of western sports is a process of transcendence. In short, this transcendental process is the transformation from Greek polytheism and legalistic Judaism to Christianity. This transformation process is a fundamental change, from nature worship, aboveboard, cheerful and lively, from Greek polytheism and external rigid, conformist Judaism, to a transcendence of Christianity, completely ignoring reality and advocating heaven. This is also a major transformation of western culture in the "axis era". This transformation has led to a basic spirit of Christian culture, a spirit of transcendence. This kind of culture is mapped to the western sports culture, and its outstanding performance is the transcendence spirit of romance, freedom and conquest. (2) the differences in the choice of sports culture concepts between China and the West; Since ancient times, China culture has experienced a process from emphasizing physical beauty to emphasizing spiritual beauty, especially moral beauty. It is on this basis that China culture has formed the principle of attaching importance to spiritual construction and neglecting physical construction. Correspondingly, its sports concept has also formed the choice interests of "attaching importance to literature and neglecting martial arts" and "attaching importance to spirit and neglecting body". In the eyes of the Greeks, the ideal person is not only a thoughtful mind or a sensitive mind. But an athlete with excellent pedigree, well-developed, well-proportioned limbs, quick skills and good at various sports. The ancient Greeks believed that a well-proportioned and strong body was the source of all goodness and beauty. The worship of strength and the praise of body in ancient Greece constituted the basic aesthetic tendency of healthy personality in the west, which influenced the main idea in ancient Greek sports activities. (3) The difference in the value orientation between Chinese and Western sports culture is influenced by the traditional culture of China, and the traditional sports in China show the value principles of "moderation" and "neutralization". In the whole exercise process, the main value line of "health preservation" and the value of "idea" and "realm" to life are emphasized. Instead of deliberately pursuing external load and strength and muscle contraction. Strive to integrate the human body with nature through health preservation, absorb the essence of the sun and the moon, the aura of heaven and earth, understand the five internal organs and coordinate the six internal organs. On the other hand, the value orientation of western sports tends to another latitude, and the praise of human body shape, muscle fitness and health is its pursuit goal. Advocate strength and strive to achieve the perfect combination of muscle, strength and speed through exercise. In the whole exercise process, it is emphasized that the perfect body image can be created through intense and heavy muscle training. (IV) Differences in the expression of Chinese and Western sports cultures "Eliminating diseases and strengthening the body" is the fundamental starting point of Chinese national sports, with "understanding the Tao in quietness" as the core, imitating animals in action, and emphasizing the participation of small muscle groups and small joints in completing the action. This cannot but be said to be related to the traditional culture of "peace of mind, relaxation of will, calmness of spirit, peace of body, gentleness of appearance and plain words". Generally speaking, China's national traditional sports are not restricted by strict rules, but pay too much attention to routines, exercise, leisure and health preservation, and lack the necessary internal connection with other social cultures, thus failing to form a theoretical system of national sports with China characteristics. Competition is the soul of western sports. They pursue higher, faster and stronger, emphasizing transcending nature and limits. Therefore, western sports pay more attention to nature, stretching and naturalizing the movements as much as possible, and emphasize the need to use large muscle groups to complete the movements. Most western sports events make strict regulations on rules, venues and equipment, pay attention to the study of human anatomical structure and physiological function structure, and gradually form a relatively independent, scientific and standardized sports theory system. Understanding the Unity of Chinese and Western Sports CultureAlthough the traditional culture of China did not clearly declare justice and peace like the western sports culture of the ancient Olympic Games, the traditional sports culture of China, which was deeply infiltrated by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, showed the cultural characteristics of "courtesy" and "harmony" everywhere. People-oriented thought and peace thought in China's national sports culture come down in one continuous line with western sports culture. The national sports culture inherited the people-oriented thought in China culture and was influenced by it to form a harmonious and unified sports spirit. This is completely in line with the purpose advocated by the Olympic Movement-sports serve the harmonious development of mankind to promote the establishment of a peaceful society that safeguards human dignity, and the Olympic spirit-promoting mutual understanding through friendship, unity and fairness. Western sports culture emphasizes "individual", transcendence and competition, while China national sports culture emphasizes "entirety", moderation and harmony, while the main body of sports culture is people, and the ultimate service object is also people. From the perspective of human development and perfection, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Western sports culture makes people a strong object and a weak object in front of themselves. The traditional sports culture in China is that the strong are in front of themselves and the weak are in front of objects. Combining them organically can fully tap human potential and further promote human development. From the development of human sports culture, the world sports culture has a deeper and richer connotation. The organic combination of the two is also a great fusion of Chinese and western sports cultures-"harmony", thus promoting their respective perfection and development. Four. Conclusion In a word, in the long history of human development, due to many differences in region, history, nationality and tradition, the eastern and western cultures developed on this basis show completely different forms. In this process, the eastern and western sports cultures have condensed the basic ideas and spiritual essence of their mother culture, showing certain national characteristics. The unity of opposites between China's traditional national sports culture and western competitive sports culture exists objectively. This unity of opposites will not only change the nature of the original sports culture, but also produce new sports culture and bring cultural changes due to their compatible development. Therefore, we should grasp the concept of Marxist culturology, correctly view the advantages and disadvantages of eastern and western sports cultures and the exchange phenomenon between the two sports cultures, and make contributions to enriching the world sports culture and promoting China sports culture.