What are the folk arts like ventriloquism?

Shadow play was first born two thousand years ago in the Western Han Dynasty, also known as sheepskin play, commonly known as head play, shadow play. It originated in Shaanxi, China, matured in Qin, Jin and Yu during the Tang and Song dynasties, and flourished in Hebei during the Qing Dynasty. As the name suggests, shadow plays are made of leather, with cowhide and donkeyhide being preferred for reasons of sturdiness and transparency. The coloring is mainly done with transparent pigments of five pure colors: red, yellow, green, green and black. It is because of these special materials that the shadows of the shadow figures and props projected onto the cloth screen under the backlight appear magnificent and crystal clear, with a unique sense of beauty. Following the custom of traditional opera, the shadow figures are divided into five categories, namely, Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mou and Chou, and what's more special is that each figure consists of eleven pieces, including the head, upper body, lower body, two legs, two upper arms, two lower arms, and two hands, which are connected together, and the performers make the figures make various movements by controlling a main pole in front of the figure's collar and two playing poles at the ends of the two hands. In China, many local operas and plays are derived from shadow play, and the reasoning behind the shadow play and the artistic means of performance played an important role in the invention of modern movies and the development of modern art films. Nowadays, Chinese shadow puppets are collected by museums all over the world, and they are also the gifts for leaders of the Chinese government and other countries, which shows that the art of shadow puppets has a high artistic value in China and even in the world.

Sugar man

Sugar man is made of boiled cane sugar or maltose in various shapes, including figures, animals, flowers and plants. It is said that in the Song Dynasty, there are sugar people, mostly flat shape, as today's sugar paintings, known as theater candy, later also known as thick sugar gourd, blowing sugar Ma Pozi, playing swing thick syrup, sugar Yimiang, sugar official, sugar pagoda, sugar turtles and so on.

Sugar man production is a folk craft, craftsmen pick a stretcher, one end of the heating stove, the other end is sugar and tools. Sugar from cane sugar and maltose heating modulation, the original color is brownish-yellow, but also due to the addition of pigment or coloring and red or green. The control of the heat is crucial, as too much heat will make it too thin and easy to deform, while too little heat will make it too hard and impossible to shape. The tools used are simple, mostly in the form of spoons and spatulas.

Candymen are not easy to keep, and in the past, when there was a shortage of desserts, people would eat them after playing with them. Nowadays, due to hygiene concerns, they are purchased more for ornamental purposes than for consumption, and are left to darken and deteriorate over time.

In the past, many artists sold on the streets with gongs, some with a disk painted with flowers, birds, animals and bugs, and after paying money, they could rotate the pointer on the disk, pointing to where to do what, in order to attract children. Sugar figures used to be very cheap and were a favorite plaything of children when they were not rich. In the early 1980s, a few cents or a few toothpaste skins could be exchanged for a candy man. Nowadays, children's playthings are more, candy man is no longer just something to coax children, has been valued as a folk art. Now there are fewer artists making candy men along the streets, but they can still be found at temple fairs during the annual festivals in Beijing, with prices ranging from a few dollars to more than a dozen yuan.

Zidishu

Zidishu, also known as Qingyin Zidishu, Zididi Duan'er, and String Book, is a form of music and art that has been passed down among the Manchu population in Beijing, Tianjin and the northeast. Zidishu is mostly performed by one person accompanied by three strings, only singing and not talking, with a gentle, low and solemn tone. Zidishu was produced during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and gradually declined during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, the singing style was lost, and so far only more than 500 pieces of sung texts have survived. Zidishu has had a great influence on northern Chinese opera, including the single string, Jingyun drums, the Northeast two-people turn and other types of music have been y influenced by Zidishu, and some of the classic cantatas of these types of music are even directly transplanted from the Zidishu cantata.

Beijing East Drum

Beijing East Drum was formed in Tianjin in the early 1930s. It was formed by Liu Wenbin and other artists on the basis of singing the Pinggu tune in the square tone of Baodi district and absorbing the melody of the Hebei folk song "The Whore's Complaint" and the falling tone. It was once known as the Leiting Drum.

The singing form of the Jingdong Drum is basically the same as that of the Tiepian Drum and the Shanqin Drum. In the past, in the put down of the book stage, there was a self-singing form of singing, the actor sits holding the three strings, playing and singing, his right foot on a drum rickshaw drum (supported by a short drum set, placed on the ground), the left leg tied to a "section of the board" (five boards), in order to Division of the rhythm. Quite able to recruit the audience.

Basic format of the Jingdong drum singing seven-character sentence (two, two, three), but the beginning of the sentence is often added to the head of the three characters, the sentence is often embedded in the words, words and phrases, the end of the sentence is often added to the "which", "ah" and other imaginary words. Its short cantos are mostly composed of eight or ten drops, usually dozens of phrases.

In the early stage of the formation of the Jingdong Drum, mainly in small performance venues, the repertoire of the main book. the early 1930s, Liu Wenbin in the Tianjin Commercial Radio broadcast "Liu Gongcheng", very popular with the general public. The influence of the Jingdong Drum was also expanding, gradually spreading to Beijing, Tangshan and other places.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liu Wenbin's style was the most prominent and influential among the many Jingdong Drum artists. In addition to singing big books, he also transplanted short cantatas such as Wujiapo, Demolishing the West Wing, Zhaojun Goes Out of the Frontiers, Wang Erjie Thinks of Her Husband, and Zhuge Liang Bets on the Treasure, and so on. By singing the short pieces, he has further processed the board style and singing of Jingdong Drum. His singing is popular and humorous, easy and simple, with clear and understandable words, which is quite popular among the general public, especially the housewives. But at that time, it still used the names of "Big Drum", "Miscellaneous Songs", "Leiting Tune" and "Leiting Big Drum" until 1935 when it was officially named as "Big Drum". In 1935, it was officially named "Jingdong Drum". However, due to his line cavity plate eyes are not very careful; sung drum words, the text is also more rough, the late 1940s, the kind of music has been declining.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Dong Xiangkun, an amateur actor in Tianjin, inherited the singing art of Liu Wenfu, and on the basis of the characteristics of Liu Wenfu's singing, he changed the square tone of Baodi District to the Peking tone and further processed and standardized the singing style, and constantly created new repertoire adapted to the times, which was y loved by the audience. Under the unremitting efforts of Dong Xiangkun and others, from the 1960s to the 1970s, there was a peak in the music of the Jingdong drums, and the influence of its repertoire spread all over the country.

The long-length repertoire of Jingdong Drum includes Liu Gongcheng, Shi Gongcheng, Xingtang Zhuan, Xiaobayi, Green Peony, etc. The short-length repertoire includes Wang Eryi (The King's Second Son) and Wang Eryi (The King's Second Son). The short repertoire includes Wang Er Sister's Thoughts of Husband, Emperor Yang Yang's Lower Yangzhou, Zhuge Liang's Treasure, Yang Bajie's Spring Journey, Disassembling the West Wing, Zhuge Liang's Marriage Recruitment, Zhaojun's Exodus from the Blockade, The Blue Bridge Meeting, Han Xiangzi's Birthday, Double Locked Mountain, Yutang Chun, Zhu Baichen's Repudiation of His Wife, Luo Cheng's Fortune Telling, Dinky Cutting Flesh and White Ape Stealing Peaches, etc. The long repertoire of Jingdong Drum includes Liu Gong Case, Shi Gong Case, Xing Tang Biography, Little Eight Righteousness, Green Peony, etc.

Quick Plate

The name "Quick Plate" appeared later, and in the early years it was called "Counting Lai Bao", also known as "Shun Kou Jiao", "Liu Kou Rut", and "Lian Zi Mouth", and it evolved from "Lotus Flower Drops", which were sung by the poor people in the Song Dynasty. The same as the "Lotus Flower Drop", at first it was sung by beggars when they were begging along the street. As a begging singing activities, the history of quite a long time; as a form of artistic performance, it is relatively late. As said before, the old artists always want to find a historical figure, as the founder of the ancestor, in order to add color, "number to the treasure" of the artist is of course no exception. So in the history of the beggar group to find the Ming dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang, as the ancestor. Cloud tourists "Jianghu series of talk" said:

Past artists selling art along the street, often see the scene, verbal improvisation words. They see what they say, good at singing along with the compilation, publicize their own opinions, express their feelings. From making up, acting, to singing, than any form of rapid. For example, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, Cao Dekui, a counting artist, made up a verse (at that time, using cattle bones to beat the beat): Bone a beating sound even sound, no other table table before the Qing Dynasty. The people suffered during the dictatorship era, and were starved into skeletons and bones. Since the year of Guangxu Gengzi, the Boxer Rebellion broke out in Beijing. There was panic in the city and black smoke everywhere. Seeing the Qing Dynasty being overthrown, the people all said yes. It vividly reflects the voice of the people. In the War of Liberation, the People's Army further utilized the role of the folk songs. The war heroes made up and performed a lot of quick-pan works to boost the morale of the people. Comrade Bi Gefei, who was known as the "king of quick-playing boards", praised quick-playing boards, saying: Singing of heroes and victory, criticizing the concrete and practical. It entertains and guides the work in a meaningful way. There are two main forms of performance for quick-play boards: singing by one person and lip-synching by two people. Counterpart still retains the original name of "counting to the treasure", also known as "counterpart fast board". In factories and military units, there have also been three or four people singing "group mouth fast board" and a dozen people performing "fast board group". In some areas, they have also been developed into quick-playing boards sung in local dialects, such as Tianjin quick-playing boards and Shaanxi quick-playing boards, etc., which have played a good role in education and entertainment. There are various forms of quick-playing boards, such as "counting treasure", "quick-playing book", "small quick-playing board", "Tianjin quick-playing board", etc. "Counting treasure" is sung by two people. The "counting treasure" is performed by two people; the "quick-board book" is performed by one person; the "small quick-board" is mainly a form of mass cultural activities, except for the return section; the "tianjin quick-board" is sung in the tianjin dialect.

The art of quick board is flexible and colorful. From the expression, there is a person said the quick board book, two people said the "counting treasure" and more than three people "quick board group" (also called "group mouth quick board")

There are also Peking Opera, comedy, three strings. The single-stringed drum, the Beijing Rhythmic Drum, the Jingdong Express Script, the Pi Bar, the fast board, the yangqin, the erhu, the folk dances...