What did ancient tombs look like?

Ancient Chinese tomb shapes were from the ? low level? to? high-level? a long historical process. In China, more than 30,000 years ago, the early matriarchal clan society of the caveman has buried the dead and placed appropriate burial objects, which in fact already has a mature and symbolic funeral. From then on, the form and custom of burial have become an integral part of the culture of all ethnic groups in China, especially the Han Chinese, until today.

One, ancient tombs are the absolute majority of China's ancient sites

According to the results of China's third underground cultural relics survey, there are 139,458 ancient tombs in China, accounting for 72 percent of all underground ancient sites.

Many? It's so few! In the five thousand years of the great country, ancient China experienced nearly ten billion wars, famine, plague and hunger, every lost soul like autumn leaves are thrown to their final destination! And hundreds of burial sites were left behind, almost all of them tombs of emperors and kings. Sadly, almost all of them were stolen!

On this subject, the ancient Chinese poets and historians, who have left little in the way of exquisite poetry, now record an anonymous poem:

The going is growing more distant by the day, the coming more intimate. The ancient tombs are plowed into fields, the pines and the graves are plowed in! The first is a new one, a new one, a new one, a new one.

While this sad poem doesn't necessarily refer to the imperial tomb, all the traces left by the predecessors should be turned into a piece of yellow earth.

Two, ancient burials are from primitive to advanced

1 Yangshao culture period of burials

The burials in this period were just digging pits ? soft burials? There were tombs where two men were buried together and four women were buried together; even men and women were buried in separate blocks (e.g., the Baoji Baishouling clan tomb). Because it was a matriarchal society, both men and women could only be buried in their own clan graves.

(Beiqiu Tomb, Nanning, Guangxi, top photo is a section, bottom photo is a plan)

As you can see from the picture, the shape of the human skeleton is curled and bent to the side. The burial goods are a few pieces of colored stones and the skull is padded with white cement. Primitive society is like this, only heaven is good; rest in peace underground!

2 The I Ching Explanation? Burial? The word, the note family bee rise

Honestly, the Yangshao culture site of the burial can be found, the dead are mostly at that time with a tribal identity, the rest of the dead are mostly abandoned in the mountains and fields, where the next eagle pecked, the tiger swallowed. Later, I learned to cover it with twigs and blades of grass, attentive netizens can learn from the ? Burial? The structure of the character can be seen in the changes. So the I Ching also says: ? In ancient times, burials were made with thick clothing and a salary. This is the earliest written record of a further burial. Departure

Social opinion at the time, led by Mozi, was not headstrong in advocating thickness. He recounted the funerals of Yao, Shun and Yu, all of whom had three collars of clothing and three-inch tung coffins, but who were buried deeper.

Authoritative classics such as Liu Xiang's biography also record that ? The Yellow Emperor was buried in Qiaoshan, Yao and Shun in Jiyin and Qiu Rong were both small, with very little burial equipment. Yao buried in Cangwu, the two consorts do not from, Yu buried will JI, do not change their columns. Yin Tang had no burial place. Duke Wen and Duke Wu of Zhou were buried in Bi (north of Xianyang, Shaanxi), and today there is probably only a large mound of earth (a mound) for people to visit. Duke Mu of Qin was buried under the Prayer Hall of the Spring Palace in Yongji, and Simaroubaceae was buried in Wukou, all without a mound. (隱坆頭) Although it was a slave society at the time, and the economy and culture of primitive societies were not the same, Mozi's ideas were undoubtedly far-sighted. The first is the "Crown", which is the name given to the "Crown". The first is that the world's most famous and most importantly, the world's most important and most importantly, the world's most important.

Second, the feudal society, the tomb of the greed of the big seek solid, from the beginning of the Qin Emperor

(Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum)

Qin Shi Huang unified the universe, ambitious, insatiable greed. From the Afang Palace to the Great Wall to the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, the capital city was exhausted. According to the North Chang'an County records: ? The first emperor was buried in Mount Li, the mausoleum is very majestic, history of the mausoleum height of 1240 feet although it is ? False height? However, the height of 25 feet is there.

I have been to the first mausoleum several times. At the turn of fall and winter, persimmon red, as far as the eye can see. Standing on ? Mountain? on it, all the other mountains look short quite generous . It is square, about 1600 feet east to west and 1700 feet north to south.

By the Han Dynasty, burial records and artifacts had surpassed those of the Zhou and Qin periods. The Book of Han records:?http://

As far as I know, the Maoling Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty consisted of digging a deep hole, placing the Ziguan in the center, piling up a compact four-square cypress-folded-stitched Zigong around it, and piling up several cypress-folded-stitched rooms so that the interconnecting doorways could be paralleled by six horses. Such a luxurious burial system was enough to consume five baht from the state treasury.

(Han Wu Di Maoling)

The son of heaven on the throne next year, will be made of great craftsmen camping mausoleum. Land seven hectares, square in the land of one hectare; thirteen zhang deep, often altar height three zhang, grave height twelve zhang, Mingzhong high one zhang seven feet, surrounded by two zhang, within the Zigong giant cypress, boxwood, the question of miniaturization. To the next hundred officials to hide their settings, four envy door, allowing large vehicles and six horses are hidden.

All in Xi'an surrounding counties, Tang Taizong Zhaoling in Liquan County (known for producing apples), Gan Ling in Liangshan, five miles northwest of Ganzhou, *** there are eighteen mausoleums.

The Zhaoling Mausoleum is located in Jiuyi Mountain, Liquan County. The situation is grim. The mountain is dug into a cave with mountain walls on three sides. The dragon's mouth was sealed by 3000 boulders. After careful consideration, it was still dug by the money-crazy Zhu Wen.

(Tang Taizong Zhaoling)

Two, Tang Ling Group

Located in Liangshan, Gan County. The situation is magnificent, the atmosphere is not inferior to or even inferior to its father zhaoling. Because Liangshan rock stubborn, nothing to do with explosives. Gan Ling jewelry is described as ? Rich as the enemy? , absolutely correct!

(Ganling)

The only survivor is the Qianling Mausoleum in Qian County, Shaanxi Province!

The Song Dynasty mausoleum complex is known as the Eight Tombs in Gong County, Henan Province. On the plains between the Luo and Luoshui waters, there were eight emperors, including Taizu, Taizong, Zongshen and Zhezong. Unfortunately, they were destroyed by barbarians

The Yuan Dynasty was only 80 years old. Foreign conquests, internal strife, special times, special customs, good Yuan tombs, not to mention!

After Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor in Nanjing, because he hated the Yuan rulers, he resolutely restored the Han system culturally, including the shape of tombs, and the wind of thick burials began to blow again, easily surpassing the Great Song Dynasty, and climbing straight to the Han and Tang dynasties. Today, Changping's Ming Tombs can boast the world!

Of course, Zhu Yuanzhang buried in Nanjing Zhongshan, for filial piety, the scale is extremely grand. On both sides of the divine path in front of the mausoleum, there are reclining lions, standing lions, standing robes, reclining camels, standing camels, reclining elephants, standing elephants, the Ming Dynasty style is strong, no less than the Tang, North and South Dynasties, the art of stone carving.

Da Ming's poorest emperor Xun Guo so far lost, so there is no mausoleum.

Judy moved the capital to Beijing, Yongle five years, because the Empress Renxiao collapsed in Nanjing, Yongle eleven years to choose Huangtu Mountain (later renamed Tianshoushan) buried here, twelve years in July, Judy's Northern Expedition, collapsed in the Wood River, buried in the famous Chichihua Changling. From then on, the royal tombs of the Ming Dynasty were located around them, except Jingzong, until the last emperor of the fourth (Chongzhen).

(Changling)

Three, the fall of the Sheng Tang, to the Song and Yuan sunset!

The Qing Dynasty rose from Manchuria, and all laws and regulations imitated the Chinese system. Except for clothes and hair, as far as the imperial tombs were concerned, they were certainly no better than the Thirteen Tombs, but they were the best in the country at that time, including its architectural art!

The tomb of the Qing Emperor Nurhachu is in Fuling near Fengtian (Shenyang). Emperor Taizong of Tang was buried in Zhaoling (also known as the Northern Mausoleum).

For later emperors, the East Mausoleum was buried in Zunhua, near Beijing, and the West Mausoleum in Yixian.

(Princess Jingling's Garden at the Qing East Mausoleum)

Though the late Qing Dynasty was miserable, they preserved the culture of Chinese mausoleums into the sunset.

Pictures of some special tombs:

(The famous Zhang Liao's tomb during the Three Kingdoms period)

(Hanging coffin burials in the Yibin area)

(Stone burials in the Northwest)

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All dead, but? The emperor said collapse, the vassals said death, the great doctors said death, the scholar said death, the common people said death.? I don't know what it means to be a train of times. I am asking for help from my friends, please leave a comment to discuss!