Reconstruction of rammed earth old house in Chenjiapu village, Songyang

"The west road is congested and communicates south. Only this Peach Blossom Garden has nothing to worry about. " Songyang has been known as "the last secret land of Jiangnan" since ancient times. In the depths of the mountain, which is 0/5 km away from Songyang County/Kloc-0, the old rammed earth wall village Chenjiapu has a history of more than 600 years, hanging over the cliff, surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing deep valleys. Chenjiapu village is built on the mountain, with terraced fields along the mountain, with a drop of more than 200 meters. On the whole, it presents a typical cliff settlement form in southwest Zhejiang. Nearly 100 residential buildings are mostly wooden buildings with rammed earth walls, which retain the complete village space texture and environmental features.

Time passed, and line+ came here for the first time. This is the harvest season. The sun shines on the village on this cliff, and the rammed earth wall is getting brighter and brighter. Every household is drying their own sweet potatoes in front of the door, and they are golden everywhere.

The task of line+ is to transform two traditional houses in the southwest of the village. The two houses are typical mountain houses in southern Zhejiang, with rammed earth on three sides and rubble retaining wall on one side, and the internal roof truss is traditional wood structure. Motor vehicles can't move forward to the entrance of the village, and it takes about 300 meters to reach the project site. However, the village road is winding and the stone steps are rugged, and only one person can pass at the narrowest place.

Selection of rammed earth structure form

The project is located in a remote mountainous area, with inconvenient transportation and inaccessible to large-scale construction machinery, which puts forward higher requirements for the modern space transformation of traditional houses. In order to cope with the severe construction environment, the design first starts with the structural form and integrates various factors, and decides to adopt a new light steel assembled structural system.

Structural beam-column is a basic unit member with a section size of 200*90mm, which is made of two C-shaped steel beams with a wall thickness of 2.5mm and is formed by cold rolling. There is no need for bolt connection between steel bars during welding. Minimized structural units can solve the transportation problem; The prefabrication rate is high, and the connection mode is convenient for site construction and installation.

Spatial reconstruction of rammed soil

The rammed earth walls of the two residential buildings are well preserved and the design remains integral. The internal space pattern of the original building was narrow, and the wooden frame was in disrepair for a long time. After demolition, a new light steel structure is implanted, which is separated from the retained rammed earth wall to prevent the earth wall from bearing the stress load of the new building.

Building 1 is located at the end of the village and has high privacy. The west side of the building is facing the canyon, and the landscape view is excellent. Therefore, it is designed as two flat-storey houses with transparent floor-to-ceiling glass on the west side to enjoy the landscape resources. As the main facade, the south side still retains the original rammed earth wall, which is integrated with the traditional style. * * * space on the first and second floors uses the entrance, and the traffic space is close to the gable side of the building.

The south side of Building 2 is near the road. Considering the privacy of the living space, the guest room is designed as LOFT space, with the living room on the ground floor and the landscape sofa by the window. On the second floor is the bedroom, and the bed and bathtub are facing the scenery outside.

The original old building is low and narrow, which can't meet the needs of modern living space. Therefore, we raise the roof of the original building as a whole and allocate the height to the upper and lower floors reasonably, so as to reserve space for indoor equipment installation and create a comfortable living experience. At the westernmost part of 1 building, the original brick and firewood house has collapsed and is overgrown with weeds. We built according to the original homestead, and hung a glass body on the second floor, which can be used as an extension of indoor space to better accommodate the canyon landscape.

Rammed soil assembly and construction technology

Demolition protection

Firstly, the building quality of the original rammed earth farm house was evaluated, and the parts with potential safety hazards were removed. The building quality is well preserved, maintained and reinforced, and the dismantled materials such as wood, blue tiles and masonry are recycled.

Foundation floor

Check the size of the original building foundation to ensure that the new structure is within the original site and the foundation soil layer is stable. Plate foundation is adopted to strengthen the structure of column foot range. Keep a safe distance between the foundation and the earth wall to ensure the safety and stability of the earth wall and the construction work space. Embedded comprehensive pipeline, laying floor heating.

primary structure

Structural unit steel bars are prefabricated in the factory, packaged and transported to the project site as a whole. Workers locate accurately processed bolt holes in advance and assemble structural unit bars on site, and the main structural part can be completed within one day at the earliest.

Building roofs and indoor partitions

The renovation scheme adopts the integrated design and construction of building and interior. Indoor partitions, stairs and pipes can be prefabricated in the factory and assembled on site to ensure the construction accuracy. The indoor wall adopts C-shaped light steel as keel, supported by metal mesh and filled with EPS foam concrete. Light weight, good thermal insulation and sound insulation effect and convenient construction.

Repair technology of rammed earth structure around residential building

Protection and repair of earth wall

In order to retain the original wall to the maximum extent, the earth wall is separated from the new structure to avoid the bearing of the earth wall; On the second floor, due to the increase of indoor height, the roof rises as a whole, and the new external wall below the cornice is externally hung in the form of curtain wall, which is stressed by the main steel structure. Local farmers' construction teams use traditional manual skills to repair and restore earth walls and spray protective layers on indoor walls. The entrance hole of the original external wall and the stone door cover are completely preserved.

Rubble retaining wall enclosure structure

The local houses in the village conform to the terrain and are built on the mountain. Most houses have their backs to the mountains, and the retaining walls built with rubble are directly used as external walls. In the design, we hope to keep this structure that expresses the characteristics of regional architecture. First of all, the stone wall with structural hidden dangers should be repaired and strengthened to ensure structural stability; The water content of soil layer in mountainous area is high, and the stone wall will have water seepage. In the foundation construction stage, the embedded drainage pipe plays a drainage role. The interior of the stone wall is grouted, caulked and coated with waterproof paint to create a comfortable indoor living environment.

Door and window system update

The windows and openings of traditional houses are small, which can not meet the needs of room lighting, ventilation and landscape storage. In order to improve the lighting environment and landscape vision inside the building, the original door and window openings were enlarged in the design, and a modern door and window system was installed. Ensure the sealing performance of the external protective structure and enhance the thermal insulation performance. Specially designed aluminum perforated window frame can not only provide indoor ventilation, but also ensure the simplicity and unity of the facade.

Keep the blue tile roof

Light steel keel roof is filled with eps foam concrete and covered with waterproofing membrane. The design adopts small blue tiles demolished from old buildings as the surface layer, which not only echoes the regional culture, but also embodies the ecological concept of sustainable development. In the evening, in order to let the guests enjoy the beautiful starry sky on the mountain, a skylight was added to the roof at the top of the bed.

The purpose of protecting the traditional historical rammed earth wall cultural village is to develop better. The function of the new format still needs to be satisfied behind the strict control of style. The development of villages not only needs to face the natural environment and traditional context, but also needs to create a high-quality space to meet the needs of modern life. Line+ tried to combine traditional handicraft skills with industrialized prefabricated assembly in this rural reconstruction. The light steel structure builds a light skeleton for the modern use space inside the rammed earth building, while the traditional rammed earth wall is wrapped with a thick coat that respects the local style. At the same time, use local materials and recycle old materials to realize the unity of opposites of "new and old, heavy and light, real and virtual".