What is biological science (the direction of health education)?

The employment rate of biology major is extremely poor. It is suggested that if you are not well-off and interested, don't apply.

Biological science is a science that studies the laws of life activities based on experiments. Most universities are in the Academy of Life Sciences, and biotechnology and bioengineering are brother majors. Its specialty covers a wide range, including botany, zoology, microbiology, neurology, physiology, histology, anatomy and so on.

Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of biological sciences, and are trained in scientific thinking and scientific experiments in basic research and applied basic research, with good scientific literacy and certain teaching and research capabilities. Cultivate senior specialized personnel in biological sciences who have basic theories, basic knowledge and strong experimental skills and can engage in scientific research, teaching and management in scientific research institutions, universities, enterprises and institutions. Edit Summary Directory-[Hidden] 1 Graduates should master the following knowledge ... 2 Major subjects 3 Major courses 4 Major practical teaching links 5 Major experiments 6 Academic system 7 Degree conferring 8 Related majors 9 Edit this section of Modern Biological Sciences | Back to the top, graduates should master the following knowledge and ability 1. Master the basic theories and knowledge of mathematics, physics and chemistry;

2. Master the basic theories, knowledge and experimental skills of animal biology, plant biology, microbiology, biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, developmental biology, neurobiology, molecular biology and ecology;

3. Understand the general principles and knowledge of similar majors;

4. Understand the national science and technology policies, intellectual property rights and other relevant policies and regulations;

5. Understand the theoretical frontier, application prospect and latest development trends of biological science;

6. Master the basic methods of information inquiry, document retrieval and obtaining relevant information by using modern information technology; Have the ability to design experiments, create experimental conditions, summarize, sort out and analyze experimental results, write papers and participate in academic exchanges. Edit this paragraph | Go back to the top of the main discipline Biology Edit this paragraph | Go back to the top of the main courses: animal biology, plant biology, microbiology, biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, developmental biology, neurobiology, molecular biology, ecology, etc. Edit this paragraph | Return to the top. The main practical teaching links include field practice and graduation thesis. , the overall arrangement is 10 ~ 20 weeks. Edit this paragraph | Go back to the top main experiments: animal biology experiment, plant biology experiment, microbiology experiment, cell biology experiment, genetics experiment, biochemistry experiment, molecular biology experiment, etc. Edit this paragraph | Edit this paragraph for four years | Award a Bachelor of Science degree | Edit this paragraph | Return to biotechnology, bioinformatics, bioinformatics, biochemistry and molecular biology, medical informatics, animal biotechnology, biological resource science and biosafety and other related majors | Return to modern biological science and modern biological science (bioengineering). It refers to the design and operation of biological organisms at the molecular, cellular or individual level to achieve their goals and needs, to improve the quality of species and the characteristics of life macromolecules or to produce life macromolecules for special purposes. Including genetic engineering, cell engineering, vector engineering and fermentation engineering, in which genetic engineering is the core technology. Because biotechnology will open up broad prospects for solving major problems such as food, health, environment, energy, etc., it is considered as the core of science and technology in 2 1 century, along with computer microelectronics, new materials, new energy and aerospace technology. At present, the most active application field of biotechnology is biopharmaceutical industry, which is regarded by investors as one of the industries with the highest growth. Major pharmaceutical companies in the world aim at the target, invest huge sums of money to develop biological drugs, and launch unprecedented fierce competition for 2 1 century.

The development of biotechnology can be divided into three different stages: traditional biotechnology, modern biotechnology and modern biotechnology. The technical feature of traditional biotechnology is brewing technology, the technical feature of modern biotechnology is microbial fermentation technology, and the technical feature of modern biotechnology is genetic engineering as the primary symbol. The biotechnology mentioned in this paper refers to modern biotechnology, which can also be called bioengineering. Modern biotechnology began to rise suddenly in the 1970s, and it has developed very rapidly in the last decade or two. It, together with microelectronics technology, new material technology and new energy technology, ranks as the four scientific and technological pillars that will affect the future national economy and people's livelihood, and is considered as the core of the world knowledge economy in the 2 1 century.

Biotechnology has a wide range of applications, including medicine and health, food light industry, agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery, energy industry, chemical industry, metallurgical industry and environmental protection. Among them, the field of medicine and health is the first stage of modern biotechnology, and it is also the field with the most extensive application, the most remarkable effect, the fastest development and the greatest potential.

The application of biotechnology in the field of medicine and health mainly includes the following three aspects:

1, which solves the technical problems in the production of drugs that cannot be produced by conventional methods or whose production cost is particularly expensive, and develops a large number of new special drugs. Such as insulin, interferon (IFN), interleukin -2(IL-2), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), colony stimulating factor (CSF), human growth hormone (HGH), epidermal growth factor (EGF), etc. These drugs can be used to prevent and treat diseases such as tumor, heart, brain, lung, blood vessels and heredity.

2. Developed some new clinical diagnostic equipment with high sensitivity, specific performance and strong practicability, such as in vitro diagnostic reagents and immunodiagnostic kits, and found out the pathogenesis and new treatment methods of some difficult diseases. The market prospect of monoclonal antibody diagnostic reagents in China is good.

3. It is the successful development of genetic engineering vaccines and vaccines until mass production that shows a bright future for human beings to resist the invasion of infectious diseases and ensure the eugenics of the whole people. The focus of China's development is hepatitis B gene vaccine.

Modern biotechnology uses renewable biological resources as raw materials to produce biopharmaceuticals, so as to obtain sufficient quantities for clinical research and treatment that were difficult to obtain in the past. For example, 65,438 0 grams of insulin should be extracted from 7.5 kilograms of fresh pig or bovine pancreas. At present, there are 60 million diabetic patients in the world, and each person needs about 1g insulin every year, which is actually impossible to extract from 4.5 billion kg of fresh pancreas. However, biotechnology can easily solve this problem, using genetically engineered "engineering bacteria"

With the development of biological science, the ancients gradually accumulated knowledge of animals and plants in the process of collecting wild fruits, engaging in fishing and hunting and agricultural production; In the process of preventing and treating diseases, medical knowledge has been gradually accumulated. Generally speaking, before19th century, biological science mainly studied the morphology, structure and classification of organisms, and accumulated a lot of factual data. After entering the19th century, the level of science and technology has been continuously improved, and microscope manufacturing has become more sophisticated, which has promoted the all-round development of biology, which is embodied in discovering the internal relations between various life phenomena, theoretically summarizing the accumulated factual data, and making progress in cytology, paleontology, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology and so on.

From 65438 to 1930s, German botanist Schleiden and zoologist Wang Shi put forward the cell theory, pointing out that cells are the basic units of all animal and plant structures, which laid the foundation for studying the structure, physiology, reproduction and development of organisms.

1859, British biologist Darwin (1809-1882) published the book "Origin of Species", which scientifically expounded the theory of biological evolution with natural selection as the core. This is a great achievement of human understanding of the biological world, which has dealt a heavy blow to creationism and species invariance and greatly promoted the development of modern biology. Throughout the 20th century, the research of biological science was mainly descriptive, so it can be said to be a descriptive biological stage.

/kloc-in the middle and late 20th century, natural science has made great achievements under the impetus of physics. The experimental methods and research results of physics and chemistry are gradually introduced into the research field of biology. By 1900, with the genetic law discovered by Mendel (1822- 1884) being put forward again, biology entered the second stage-experimental biology stage. At this stage, biologists use more experimental means and physical and chemical techniques to examine life processes. Due to the continuous emergence of sub-disciplines such as biochemistry and cytogenetics, biological science research gradually focuses on analyzing the basic laws of life activities. Since 1930s, the main research objects of biological science have gradually focused on biological macromolecules closely related to the nature of life-protein and nucleic acid. 1944, American biologist Effie took bacteria as experimental materials and proved for the first time that DNA is genetic material. 1953, American scientist Watson and British scientist Crick put forward the double helix structure model of DNA molecule, which is

Under the impetus of molecular biology, many branches of biological science have developed rapidly and achieved a series of epoch-making achievements, making life science one of the most fruitful and attractive disciplines in contemporary times.