Who are the famous artists in China

Qing Emperor Taizong's Empress BORJIJITSHI (1613-1687) Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang

BORJIJITSHI, Mongolia horqin beile (tribal chief) Zhaisang's daughter, niece of Empress filial piety Duan, Queen of the Qing dynasty Taizong Huang taiji's Empress, has a great color, the nature of the resourcefulness.

In 1625, at the age of thirteen, married to Nurhachu's eighth son Huang taiji as his wife, with his aunt married to Huang taiji as his wife. Married with three daughters, solid Lun Yong Princess, solid Lun Shuhui Princess, solid Lun Shuzhe Princess. 1636 Huang taiji claimed the throne, sealed Borjigit's Yongfu Gong Zhuangfei, Shung Tak three years (1638) gave birth to the Emperor's ninth son Fulin, Zhuangfei for the Empress Dowager, known as Xiaozhuangwen Empress Dowager.

Xiao Zhuangwen Empress was born with the beauty of the early Qing Dynasty

Great beauty. She is calm and decisive in the handling of things, as early as in the period of Huang taiji, filial piety Zhuangwen empress 'sponsorship of internal affairs', for Huang taiji to make an effort.

1642 (Qing Taizong Chongde seven years), the Qing army captured Songshan, Ming Jiliang Liao Governor Hong Chengchou was captured, in order to show loyalty to the Ming room, announced a hunger strike, and later, Huang taiji know Hong Chengchou good sex, so the Empress of filial piety Zhuang Huang taiji recommended himself, seduced Hong Chengchou, and later Hong Chengchou attracted the Qing troops to enter the customs, the Ming died.

In 1643, Huang taiji died, Fulin succeeded as Shunzhi emperor, moved to Beijing, honored Empress filial piety Zhuang as empress dowager, to uncle dorgon regency, Shunzhi young (six years old) in order to eliminate the threat of dorgon's empire, empress dowager filial piety Zhuang in accordance with the custom of the Manchu "brother died his sister-in-law's wife", and resolutely married to dorgon. Although the history books on filial piety Zhuang married to the argument is different, but the literature on the fact that the marriage of formal records. East China Records" records, dorgon long in and out of the palace courtyard, shunzhi also called dorgon as "father regent", the early qing dynasty suspects "dowager empress married" thing, when not empty cave. Due to political reasons, this kind of initiative is not detrimental to her historical position. Due to the mediation of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, Shunzhi's throne is preserved, DuoZhongGon did not replace, the Qing dynasty power gradually transferred to the hands of Shunzhi.

In order to create the early Qing dynasty can be supported by the Han upper class, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang dared to break through the Manchurian and Han Chinese may not be intermarried practices, Shunzhi ten years (1653), she Kong Youde's daughter, Kong Sizhen "Yuk's Palace" as a royal princess; and Huang taiji fourteenth daughter and Princess Washuo married to Wu's son, Wu Yingxiong, and played a role in bringing together the Han dynasty, and the Chinese people. Wu Yingxiong, played a role in pulling together the Han army generals.

After the death of Shunzhi, Xuan Ye took the throne, the number of Kangxi, for the later Kangxi Emperor. Kangxi honored filial piety Zhuang as Empress Dowager, when Kangxi was eight years old, by the four ministers to assist in political affairs, Empress Dowager filial piety Zhuang try to raise the young master, escorted the Aisin Gioro regime to avoid major risks and reefs, is the Qing dynasty reached the other side of the world of prosperity. Four auxiliary ministers, ao bai arbitrary and domineering, no young master, trying to usurp the power of the emperor, he killed innocent people, trying to blackmail the son of heaven to order the feudal lords. Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang became Kang Xi's strong backing, under her support, Kang Xi eight years, Kang Xi crushed the Aobai group in one fell swoop, regained power.

Kang Xi in the pacification of the Sanfan rebellion, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang full support for Kang Xi to pacify the chaos, she pulled out of the palace gold and silk to be rewarded. Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang advocate saving, many times the palace to save the silver money to help the victims. Her frugal family style affects the Kangxi, Yongzheng two dynasties.

In 1687, the twenty-sixth year of the Kangxi reign, the Empress Dowager died at the age of seventy-five, as 'Empress Xiaozhuang Wen'.

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Geliang Zhu-ge Liang

Geliang Zhu-ge Liang (181.4.14-234.8.28) was known by the name Kongming (孔明) and the number Wolong (卧龙), a native of Luangshi Yangdu (present-day Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, China), an ethnic Chinese He was an outstanding statesman and strategist during the Three Kingdoms period (see History). Prime Minister of Shu Han. He was posthumously named Marquis of Zhongwu.

Chen Shou "Three Kingdoms": Zhuge Liang's for the phase of the state also, caressing the people, show the rituals, about the official position, from the system of power, open the sincere heart, cloth fairness; loyal benefit of the time, although hatred must be rewarded, the law of negligence, although the pro must be punished, serving the crime of loss of love, although heavy must be released, although the rhetoric cleverly adorned must be killed; good and no micro and do not reward, no fiber and not depreciate the evil; the common people thing is refined, the physical nature of its, follow the name of the truth, hypocrisy is not to be mentioned; finally, state within the domain, salty fear and love, the punishment and the punishment, and the government, the government of the State of the Three Kingdoms period, the state of the Three Kingdoms period. Ham fear and love, although harsh and no complaints, to its heart flat and exhortation Ming also. Can be said to recognize the good talent of governance, pipe, Xiao's subpar carry on. However, he did not succeed in mobilizing the people for many years in a row, because he was not the best in the field of strategy!

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Xu Beihong (1895-1953) was the founder of Xu Beihong. 1895-1953), is a modern master of painting and art educator, who has drawn on the strengths of both Chinese and Western art. Xu Beihong was born in the countryside, his family was poor. His father, Xu Dazhang, was a village school teacher, specializing in bird and flower painting and figure painting. Xu Beihong 4 years old began to study in the family school, learn from the ear, since early childhood interest in painting. 9 years old with his father to learn to paint, 10 years old has been able to work as his father's assistant. When the farm is busy, also do farming, poor labor life, so that he has developed a hardworking, simple style and honest and upright character. When he was 13 years old, he encountered a year of famine, and followed his father to travel the countryside, relying on selling calligraphy and paintings to make a living. 17 years old, his father contracted a serious illness, and the family's situation deteriorated. From then on, the burden of living for a family of eight fell on Xu Beihong's shoulders. He worked as a drawing teacher in primary and secondary schools, and also went to Shanghai and other places to make a living by selling paintings. 19 years old when his father died, the family's situation became more and more impoverished.

In 1915, Xu Beihong went to Shanghai again, with the help of friends, in the "Leisure General Association" (then casino), a corner of the loan, hard work, while studying French at night school. He drew a horse and sent it to Gao Jianfu, the curator of Aesthetic Books. His brother Gao Qifeng very much appreciated his painting skills. At this time, although Xu Beihong was admitted to AURORA University, but had no money to go to school, fortunately, Gao Qifeng's financial support. Later, he met Kang Youwei, and had the opportunity to observe Kang's collection of tablets and posters. In 1917, Xu Beihong went to Tokyo, Japan to study art, returned to Beijing in the fall, was invited by Cai Yuanpei to be the tutor of the Peking University Painting Research Society, and became acquainted with Chen Shizeng, who went to France in 1919 to study. In 1919, Xu Beihong went to study in France, where he studied drawing in the studio of the famous painter Da Yang, and went to Germany in 1921, where he studied in the studio of the painter Kamp, and returned to Paris the following year. 1925, he returned to China via Singapore. In the spring of the next year, he went to Paris again, and went to Brussels, Belgium, to paint, traveled to Switzerland, Italy.

After returning to China in 1927, he became a professor of the Art Department of Central University, the head of the Fine Arts Department of the South China Art Institute in Shanghai, and the dean of the Art Institute of Beiping University, etc. In 1933, he took his modern Chinese paintings to France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, and the USSR for exhibitions. During the war period, he brought his works to Nanyang, India and other Southeast Asian regions for exhibitions, and donated all the income to the refugees in his motherland.

On the eve of liberation, the nationalist government sent an airplane to pick up Xu Beihong and a group of famous professors to Nanjing, which was refused by Xu Beihong. After the liberation he was invited as China's representative to the world peace conference, and served as the president of the central academy of fine arts, and was elected as a member of the standing committee of the national federation of literature, the national committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the chairman of the national association of Chinese art workers. in 1952 in the disease, will his life creation and all the collection of works donated to the country. 1953 died, only lived 59 years old. The state for this great artist in Beijing established Xu Beihong Memorial Hall, preserved his more than one thousand pieces of work. He created thousands of works in his life, and cultivated and discovered a large number of excellent art talents.

Xu Beihong is good at Chinese painting, oil painting, especially sketching. His paintings are full of passion and highly skillful. Famous oil paintings are "after the stream I", "Tian Heng five hundred soldiers", Chinese paintings are "Jufanggao", "Yugong Yishan", "the meeting of the division in Tokyo" and so on. The most reflective of Xu Beihong's personality, to express his thoughts and feelings than his paintings of horses. His horse muscles, bones and look dynamic, made a long-term observation and research, painted thousands of sketches. Therefore, his paintings of horses are smooth in ink and brushwork, not impetuous in their exuberance, not trivial in their subtlety, strong in their muscles and bones, magnificent in their power, and full of both form and spirit. There are some other figures, lions, cats and other subjects works, is also high quality and quantity. His paintings adhere to the principle of "learning from creation, seeking the truth".