What are the main points of diabetes treatment?

Five principles of diabetes treatment (also known as troika): diabetes education and psychotherapy, diet therapy, drug therapy, physical therapy and diabetes detection.

1. Diabetes education and psychotherapy

"If you come, you will be safe." Actively cooperate with the treatment and treat the disease correctly.

2. Diet therapy

Control the total calories, reasonably match the diet, eat a little more meals, eat a high-fiber diet, eat a light diet, avoid high sugar and high fat, and avoid alcohol and tobacco.

3. Exercise therapy

Do what you can, do aerobic exercise and persevere.

4. Drug therapy

(1) Oral hypoglycemic agents: ① sulfonylureas: such as glibenclamide, mepiride, Tang Shiping, Dymecon, D860, etc. These drugs can stimulate insulin secretion, lower blood sugar and gain weight. ② biguanides: such as phenformin (Jiangtangling) and metformin (Jiangtang tablets, Meidekang, Dihua sugar tablets, etc. These drugs have the effects of suppressing appetite and enhancing insulin sensitivity. Can cause lactic acid poisoning. ③ Glucosidase inhibitors: such as glucagon. Reduce postprandial blood sugar and delay absorption. ④ Insulin sensitizer: such as troglitazone. It has the effects of enhancing the oxidative utilization of sugar, reducing sugar production and reducing insulin resistance.

(2) Insulin: used for type I and type II oral drug failure, acute complications, severe chronic complications, gestational diabetes, etc.

(3) Other oral drugs: such as antihypertensive, diuretic, lipid-lowering, vasoactive drugs, vitamins and other symptomatic treatment drugs.

(4) Traditional Chinese medicine: it can help lower blood sugar, relieve symptoms and treat complications.

5. Regularly monitor diabetes to understand the control status and complications of diabetes, including blood sugar (especially 2 hours after meals), urine routine, blood lipid, blood viscosity, liver and kidney function, electrocardiogram, fundus diseases, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAIc), blood lipid (including cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density cholesterol), liver function, renal function, insulin and C peptide, and urine sugar (IV).