Basic knowledge of novel reading and answering mode

We often find pleasure in various novels. Do you know how to read novels? What are the basic knowledge points? The following is the basic knowledge of novel reading and the answer mode I have compiled for you. I hope it will help you!

Basic knowledge of novel reading

First of all, about novels

1, the concept of the novel

Fiction is a major category of literature, and it is a narrative literary genre alongside poetry, prose and drama. It focuses on shaping characters, comprehensively uses various expressive methods of language art, and reflects social life widely and vividly through complete story lines and specific environmental descriptions.

2. Novel classification

There are many ways to classify novels because of different standards. According to the subject matter, it can be divided into historical novels, social novels, detective novels, love novels, problem novels, mystery novels, science fiction novels, war novels, satirical novels and condemnation novels. According to the style, it can be divided into poetic novels, diary novels, epistolary novels, Zhang Hui novels, fairy tales, biographical novels, note novels, story novels and legendary novels.

People usually divide novels into four categories according to their length and capacity: novels, novellas, short stories and mini-novels. This is the most common division. (Minifiction, also known as short stories, is generally about 1000 words in length. Although short stories are short, they also follow the basic laws of novel creation, such as typicality and visualization, which are not limited by time and space and real people, and narrative description is the main form of expression. The main features of short stories are: seeing the big from the small, winning more with less, strange conception, short and long text, complete plot, unexpected ending and endless aftertaste. )

3. Three elements of this novel

No matter what kind of novel, it must have three elements: characters, plot and environment. Novels are all about characters. Literature is human studies? The central task of novel creation is to create vivid characters. Characterization is generally inseparable from a complete story and a certain living environment, so characters, plots and environment are the three elements of a novel; Shaping characters, arranging stories and describing typical environments have become the basic artistic features of traditional novels. For senior high school students, the object of novel appreciation and proposition selection in college entrance examination is generally these novels in the traditional sense, and the emphasis of appreciation and proposition must also be mainly focused on characters, plots, environment, themes, clues, expression techniques, language and so on. Appreciating a novel is to learn how to analyze the plot, grasp the characteristics of the characters, understand the environment of the characters' activities, refine the theme of the novel, and taste the language and expression skills of the works.

4. The genre of the novel

To appreciate novels, we should also know some genres of novel creation. There are three main schools of novel creation: realism, romanticism and modernism.

Traditional novels mainly adopt realism and romanticism. However, in the process of novel development, the artistic features of traditional novels have been strongly impacted, and the expression techniques have become increasingly rich.

Modernism is an anti-traditional literary school that appeared around the First World War. Including expressionism, symbolism, Dadaism, existentialism, futurism, black humor, magical realism, stream of consciousness, new novels, surrealism, absurdity and so on. Its anti-traditional characteristics are not only reflected in the creative method, but also in the ideological content, which is incompatible with some traditional understandings. Middle school students only have a general understanding of this, which is not the focus of our study and appreciation.

Second, the appreciation method

1, sort out the plot clues

The theme of the novel needs to be displayed in the development of the plot, and some novels even have multiple clues and contradictions intertwined. To accurately understand the theme of the work, it is necessary to clarify the clues and plots of the work. To analyze the plot, we should be good at grasping the beginning, development, climax and ending of the story, summarizing the essence of each part, and preparing for refining the theme. At the same time, we should grasp the character image from the development of the plot, because the plot is the history of the formation and development of the character. In the process of the development of events, what is deep in the soul of the characters can be revealed. Without the plot, we don't know how the characters act, so we can't analyze the characteristics of the characters. To understand the characters, it is necessary to analyze the essence behind the phenomenon through the external phenomenon of what happened in the plot.

If there is a novel called "I ask for a book", is it time travel? Asking for a book? Buy books? These two incidents reflect Mr. Fang's personality characteristics of not reading and pretending to be gentle and elegant. Is there also a contradiction between material wealth and spiritual poverty? Asking for a book? Buy books? Hit a wall? What this plot can show. To analyze the plot, we must first grasp the clues, and the development of the plot cannot be separated from the clues. "Want to beg for a book" is based on which novel? Books? Taking this as a clue runs through the whole text and promotes the development of the plot. Of course, sometimes novels with complicated plots also have two clues, such as Lu Xun's Medicine. An article can take things as clues or emotional or psychological activities as clues. For example, what is the beginning of Ba Jin's Lamp? Bored? In the middle? Heart gradually settled? Breathing is also much easier? Is there an ending? Smile at the mountain? Grasping these, we can grasp the plot and train of thought of the article as a whole. Secondly, grasp the temporal and spatial changes (or the context of plot development). For example, reading Lu Xun's Blessing and grasping the different time and space of Xianglinsao's several visits to Luzhen and the changes of her portrait words and deeds can accurately grasp the plot and ideas of the full text, and then grasp the profound theme that Xianglinsao was destroyed step by step by feudal ethics.

Of course, the analysis of the plot depends on the selection of materials, whether the materials are typical and reasonable, whether the article structure is complete, and whether the transitional care is natural and appropriate.

2. Analyze your personality.

Character refers to the characters depicted in the novel, which is an important factor in the content of the work, or the main component of the work. Because the core task of the novel is to reveal some essential aspects of social life by portraying characters and shaping typical characters, so as to express the theme of the work. So to evaluate the characters in the novel, we must carefully analyze the author's description of the characters? Appearance description, language description, action description, psychological description, detail description, etc. , so as to evaluate the personality characteristics of the characters, and then explore the goodness, evil, beauty and ugliness of the spiritual world of all kinds of characters; Through the overall reading of the novel, we can make our own objective and fair evaluation of all kinds of characters, and then accurately grasp the connotation of the work.

Aren't the characters in the novel real? Real people? , but a patchwork of characters, represented by writers? People? . So-called? Typical? That is, by generalizing real life and shaping typical images, the writer analyzes and chooses to generalize complicated social life phenomena, eliminates non-essential things, highlights the main aspects of its essence, carries out full imagination and reasonable fiction, thus shaping characters with distinctive personality and reflecting certain social essence, and achieving the purpose of reflecting life and expressing the author's subjective feelings. Therefore, the world of novels is the world of artistic processing by the author, which originates from life and is higher than life. If you realize this, you won't get into trouble in reading. It is objective and fair to evaluate the characters only from the event itself. It is forbidden to be subjective with preconceived ideas and to label the characters in general. The performance of characters in events needs to be described by various description methods. Mainly psychological description, detail description, language description and so on.

Psychological description helps to reveal the character's ideological character, set off the atmosphere and highlight the character's spiritual world. For example, in Gorky's Mother, there are many psychological description methods, such as describing the characters' inner activities or feelings from the side, directly analyzing psychological activities by using the characters' inner monologues, and reflecting psychological activities through the description of action expressions. Mo Bosang's Necklace is also unique in psychological description. For example, when Mathilde saw the invitation to the dance, she was in a hurry to go to the dance, and there was no suitable dress. The complex psychology of anxiety, chagrin and regret is vividly portrayed.

Detail description is also an important means to reveal characters' personality characteristics, which usually includes details such as characters' manners, life scenes and natural scenery. What is the biggest feature of the details? How are you? This? How are you? Including two meanings: one is the little things in life; Secondly, it must be described in detail. In addition, the details should be typical, reflect life and show the character in one place. For example, in The Chameleon, Ralph was told that he had to help him take off his coat and put it on by yelling in order to get rid of embarrassment, which vividly showed his chameleon character in have it both ways.

Language description includes monologues and dialogues. The description of characters' language requires individuality and essence, that is, to express the characters' personality characteristics, cultural level, ideological accomplishment, professional identity and inner world from the aspects of words, tone and expression. In order to achieve this goal, we often add some hints about the mentality, tone and intonation of the characters when describing their monologues and dialogues. Such as Kong Yiji's language is unique, his? how much is it? Not much? Stealing books is not stealing? Marked with the distinctive brand of feudal scholars; And the shopkeeper of Xianheng Hotel repeated it? Kong Yiji still owes nineteen dollars. , but also marked with a clear brand of mercenary businessmen.

A variety of description methods are concentrated and wonderful works, and also the scene description of Wang Xifeng's appearance in the article "Lin Daiyu enters Jia Fu". Wang Xifeng heard his voice first and then saw his linguistic description. Triangular eye? Hanging eyebrow? Portrait description, Lin Daiyu's psychological description, rude contrast description between people around him and Wang Xifeng's birthday, comprehensive application of expression description, action description, language description and psychological description, etc. , portraying Wang Xifeng's personality characteristics of observing words and feelings, changing opportunities and pleasing others.

As can be seen from the above examples, the analysis and evaluation of characters must analyze a variety of description methods.

3, understand the role of the environment

Environmental description, including social background, natural environment and places where people live. Highlight the role of the role through the environment set for the role. The characters in the novel live in a specific historical background and living environment, and their thoughts and feelings are always branded with the times, leaving traces of the environment. In the pursuit of relatively complete characterization, novels should pay attention to the description of the living environment of the characters. The atmosphere created between people and the formation of the overall artistic conception all contain some sincere thoughts and feelings. Many works often contain the author's own feelings and moods. For example, the description of people who are ignorant and numb in medicine is a reflection of the current social environment in China after the Revolution of 1911. The tragic fate of Sister Xianglin in Blessing is also revealed in the atmosphere of Blessing, which contains the author's sympathy for the protagonist and injustice to the dark society, so as to attract people's attention to treatment.

4. Grasp the theme of the work

The theme of the novel is actually what the author wants to express through various images. The function of literary works is to inspire, inspire, delight and make people learn from it. Therefore, correctly grasping the theme of the novel is the most important link in evaluating literary works and the key to realizing the social function of the novel.

In the novel, because the author's strong colors are sprinkled on the main characters, who are the main characters? Theme figures? . In story novels, the protagonist is the protagonist of the story, and his fate and destiny are often related to some essence of social life, showing the value of the theme of the work. In character novels, the main characters are the representatives and incarnations of a typical character. This typical figure and its history of formation and development are the contents to be displayed in the theme of the work. In psychological impression novels, the main characters are the main recipients of specific environment and the main reflectors of specific psychology. The psychological state of the main characters often has the universal value of objectively understanding the specific social environment, which is the theme of the works. Therefore, the main characters in the novel are thoroughly analyzed and the theme of the work is self-evident.

5. Taste the language of the work

When reading a novel, we should pay full attention to its linguistic features and expressive force. It is necessary to analyze how it uses figurative language narration to describe the scenery and unfold the plot; It is also necessary to analyze how it describes the characters in the development of the story and understand the theme of the work through the personality characteristics of typical characters. Moreover, the novel uses various writing methods to structure the chapter, which is also reflected through language. The expressive force of analytical writing method and text structure is also integrated with the expressive force of analytical language, which is inseparable. Therefore, grasping the accurate, vivid and vivid language in the novel and analyzing its expressive force in detail is an important way to deeply understand the ideological content of the novel. Different expressions in novels have different requirements for the use of language. ? Generally speaking, the narrative should be concise and smooth, the description should be vivid, the lyric should be true and touching, and the exposition should be accurate and profound.

To taste language, we should (1) carefully try to figure out how the narrative language of the author describing the environment, telling stories, explaining things, portraying characters, making comments and expressing feelings constitutes a harmonious and perfect whole; ② Fully understand the objectivity, implication, vividness and vividness of the author's narrative language; (3) Seriously taste the personalization of the characters' language in the works and how personalized language reveals the characters' personality characteristics; ④ Learn to correctly examine the writer's artistic language and correctly evaluate the unique and distinctive language style formed by the writer using his own artistic language.

6. Appreciate the performance skills of the work

? Skill? Refers to literary skills. It is a skillful and unique artistic skill for writers to master literary language, conceive literary works and shape literary images by using various artistic expressions and rhetorical devices. It refers to what writing principles, rules and methods are used to express the content of the article. The evaluation and appreciation of expression skills is to analyze what expression skills are used, what content is expressed and what artistic effect is achieved. The core of appreciation is aesthetics, that is, excavating the aesthetic factors in the works to achieve some aesthetic enjoyment.

The analysis and appreciation of expression skills should be analyzed from the following aspects: (1) From the perspective of expression. See if all kinds of expressions are used freely and flexibly; The choice of narrative person (the advantages of first person and second person); The arrangement of narrative order (the use and function of flashback and interpolation); The characteristics of description (the role of stick figure, meticulous painting and scenery description); How the unique expressions in this paper (narrative, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism) serve the author's expression and reasoning; ② From the perspective of material selection and composition. Look at the relationship between the material and the center, whether the primary and secondary details are appropriate, and whether the material is typical, true, novel and powerful. ③ From the point of expression. See if symbols, contrast, foil, suppression before promotion, expression of objects, lyricism through scenery, etc. are used, and their effects on image building; ④ From the structural arrangement. See if the beginning and the end have their own characteristics; Whether the structure is rigorous, complete and symmetrical; Lift the ground and take care of it; Set suspense and create waves; From beginning to end, twists and turns. ⑤ From the perspective of language use. See if the language is accurate, concise, vivid and vivid; What is a unique language style (humorous, spicy, plain, natural, concise, euphemistic, sharp, cold, profound, enthusiastic, etc.). ); What artistic aesthetic interest is given to readers; What kind of artistic conception is created by various rhetorical devices (metaphor, analogy, irony, exaggeration, parallelism, etc.). ), and what is the expression effect, etc.

The answer mode of the basic knowledge of novel reading

Test center 1: Character image

※ ① Frequently asked questions:

1, combined with the full text, briefly analyze the characters.

2. What kind of person is 2.XXX?

3. What are the excellent qualities of 3.XXX?

4. Analyze the specific methods and functions of describing characters in novels.

A: XXX is one? Character image. What is he like as a person and what kind of personality (ideological quality) he shows.

(2) The ways and means of portraying characters in novels.

1, from the content: portrait, psychology, action, language, detail description.

2. From the form of expression: positive (direct) description, side (indirect) description, contrast and foil.

(3) the method of analyzing characters.

1. Understand the background of people's activities through environmental description.

2. Analyze the characters' ideological character from the perspective of plot.

3. Analyze the way the author writes characters.

4. The author's introduction and evaluation of the characters.

PS: 1。 First, grasp the characteristics of the characters.

2. Secondly, analyze the personas.

① Consider the relationship between the characters and the truth of the story ② Consider the relationship between the characters and the story, other characters and the theme.

Test site 2: plot structure

※ ① Frequently asked questions:

1, the role of the plot

2. Summary of the plot

② Drawing operation mode

1, basic mode: occurrence? Development? Climax final result

2. Swing: twists and turns (giving the novel more fascinating charm)

3. Europe Henry's ending: unexpected, reasonable (to increase the vividness of the novel plot)

③ Skills of plot design

Rhythm, coincidence, series, parallel, sharp turn, suspense

④ the role of plot

1, on the theme: point to the theme or highlight the theme to make the theme from hidden to obvious.

2. Characterization: Develop or show the characters and explain the environment of their activities.

3. The whole story: promote the development of the story, pave the way for clues, take care of the front, set suspense and make the plot ups and downs.

Test Site 3: Environmental Description

※ ① Frequently asked questions:

1, find out the sentences that accurately describe the environment in the text;

2. Describe the functions of the specified environment;

3. Continue to write an imaginative environmental description according to the content of the article.

② Method of scenery description

1. Description angle: look (far and near, up and down, high and low), listen, smell and touch.

2. Techniques: line drawing, dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, positive and negative combination, symbol and rhetoric.

③ the role of the scene

1, indicating the environment (time, place, season) in which the characters are active (the previous paragraph)

2. Render the atmosphere and lay the emotional tone.

3. Promote plot development, pave the way for characterization and lay the foundation (the first half)

4, suggesting sublimation theme (last paragraph)

5, contrast the character's mood and express the character's image.

6. Suggest the social environment, reveal the essential characteristics of society or show the customs of the world.

Test site 4: novel theme

※ ① Frequently asked questions:

Key points of basic knowledge of novel reading

Novel: It is a narrative literary genre that focuses on portraying characters and reflects social life through complete story plots and specific environmental descriptions. A novel must have three elements: vivid characters, a complete story and the specific environment in which the characters move. Among them, the character image is the main element.

First, the characters.

(1) Description of characters.

The method of characterization: from the perspective of description

1, positive description. Also called direct description, that is, through the direct description of portrait/appearance (including appearance, expression, posture, clothing, etc.). ), action, language (language is used to describe the dialogue, monologue, tone and voice of the characters) and psychology, which reveals the ideological quality and personality characteristics of the characters and reflects the theme of the works.

2. Description of personal data. Also called indirect description. That is, writing the protagonist indirectly through other people's words and deeds.

3. Description of details. By analyzing the portraits, movements, language, psychology, environment, scenes and other details, the character is expressed.

(2) Character image

1. The three elements of a novel are (vivid) characters, (complete) story lines and (characters' activities) environmental descriptions.

2. Among the characters created in the novel, the one who embodies the author's creative intention and the theme of the work is the central figure of the novel, also known as the protagonist.

3. The core of character image is the thought and character shown by the character. Only by analyzing the characters in the novel can the theme of the novel be well analyzed.

(3) Frequently asked questions:

1, combined with the full text, briefly analyze the characters.

2. What kind of person is 2.XXX?

3. What are the excellent qualities of 3.XXX?

4. Analyze the specific methods and functions of describing characters in novels.

(4) Problem-solving thinking: Analyze the personality characteristics of the characters through their descriptions (language, action, psychology, portrait and details).

Second, the story

(a) the story

1. The storyline is the whole process of the development and evolution of the life events described in the works. The plot of a novel can generally be divided into four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending. Some novels also have preface and ending.

2. The beginning is the contradiction and conflict first reflected in the work; Development is the evolution process of contradictions and conflicts in works from expansion to intensification; The climax is a critical moment to decide the fate of all parties to the contradiction, and the main contradiction is about to be solved. It is the most tense, exciting and sharp stage when the contradiction reaches its peak and the ideological struggle of the characters is the most intense. As a result, the contradiction has been solved, the development of characters has been completed, the event has a final result, and the theme has been fully displayed, which is the inevitable result of the development of the plot.

3. To analyze the plot, we should be good at grasping the beginning, development, climax and ending of the story, summarizing the essence of each part and preparing for refining the theme. At the same time, we should analyze and grasp the things in the soul of the characters from the plot.

(2) Frequently asked questions:

What role does the plot of 1.XX play in the novel?

2. What role do XX things and XX characters play in the novel?

The general function of the plot: First, it creates suspense and is fascinating; The second is the care before and after; The third is to set off the side and lay the groundwork; The fourth is to summarize the above and point out the significance of the problem; Five clues.

Step 3 generalize

① Summarize the story in one sentence or concise statement;

(2) What are some things written in the article, please summarize them in turn;

③ Summarize a part of the novel in the form of filling in the blanks (including pointing out one of the four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending).

Third, the environmental description.

(a) description of the environment

1. Environmental description is a description of people's activity environment and event background, including natural environment description and social environment description.

2. Description of natural environment, also called scenery description, mainly describes the time, place, season, climate, flowers, birds, insects, fish and other scenery of human activities.

3. Description of social environment, which mainly describes the specific environment, place, atmosphere and interpersonal relationship of characters' activities.

4, the role of environmental description mainly includes:

Explain when and where the story happened. Provide a specific background for role activities.

B, rendering the atmosphere and setting off the characters;

C, some environmental descriptions also play a role in promoting the development of the plot.

(2) Frequently asked questions:

1, find out the sentences that accurately describe the environment in the text;

2. Describe the functions of the specified environment;

3. Continue to write an imaginative environmental description according to the content of the article.

(C) ideas to solve the problem

Faced with such problems, we can think from five aspects:

1, explaining the background of the characters' activities and indicating the time and place of the activities;

2. Suggest the social environment, reveal the essential characteristics of society or show the world and human feelings;

3. Reveal the characters' emotions and express their personalities;

4. Render the atmosphere and set off the emotions and thoughts of the characters;

5. Set the emotional tone;

6. Promote the development of the story, pave the way for portraying the characters and lay the foundation.

Fourth, the theme.

Frequently asked questions:

1, find out the sentences that reflect the theme of the novel (or summarize the theme of the work in your own words);

2. After reading the whole article, what does the article make you understand (what does this article inspire you? Talk about your experience);

3, combined with the theme of the full text, talk about your understanding or opinion of a sentence (a question).

Verb (abbreviation of verb) expression skills

Frequently asked questions:

1. What expressive techniques are used in this paper (detail description, symbol, contrast, foil, bedding, care, suspense, coincidence, etc.)? ) and its role in image-building;

2. How the unique expressions (narration, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism) serve the author's expression;

3. What are the characteristics of language use (such as concise language, neat and rhythmic sentence patterns, accurate and vivid words, rich and diverse words), and what artistic aesthetic interests are provided to readers.

Sixth, the language of the novel.

Frequently asked questions:

1, how to understand a word in this article?

2. What does a sentence in the text mean? What's the role?

Organize language expression as required:

XX word (sentence), written? , performance?

Understanding the meaning of keywords: according to the language environment provided by the article, understand the figurative meaning, symbolic meaning, referential meaning or its connotation and extension of words in this environment Can you use it in the process of doing the problem? Substitution? Substitute your own understanding into the text and check whether this understanding is in harmony or even conflict with the meaning of the context.

3. Understand the meaning of the topic

The title is Yan Wen, and its functions are as follows: ① Point out the centers, such as the frozen lily in Dalian and the higher education in Jinzhou; (2) Arouse readers' interest in reading, such as Frozen Lily and Six Steamed Breads in Henan; ③ It is the clue of this article, such as: the umbrella of Tangjia Temple in Shanxi; The main characters, such as Kong Yiji in Lu Xun's works; (5) the main content, such as Linfen's "Father's Advice Twenty Years ago".

Seven. abstract

1, the plot of a novel is generally divided into four parts: ending, development, climax and ending. The development of the plot plays a role in shaping the characters. Through the analysis of the plot, we can understand the performance of the characters in the plot, which can better grasp the character.

2. The description of characters in the novel includes appearance description, psychological description, action description and language description; Through these descriptions, we can deeply understand the personality characteristics of the characters, and then understand the social situation they reflect.

3. The environment in the novel includes social environment and natural environment. Social environment accounts for the background of the event, and the description of natural environment includes the location, season, climate, time and scene of the characters' activities to express their identity, status, personality, atmosphere, mood and theme.

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