Main existing problems

(1) The progress of geological environment investigation is slow, which is incompatible with the rapid economic and social development.

After 2000, China entered the middle stage of industrialization, the urbanization process began to accelerate, and the infrastructure construction was gradually improved. The interference of economic activities on the geological environment has reached an unprecedented level in intensity, scale, breadth and depth, and the geological environment problems have become increasingly prominent. China's original small-scale hydrogeology, environmental geology and geological disaster surveys with a scale of1:200,000 and less than1:200,000 are far from meeting the needs of economic and social development such as land planning, resource management, engineering construction, disaster prevention and mitigation, and environmental protection. There is an urgent need for larger-scale regional geological environment survey results. However, influenced by the decline of the world mining industry, the geological work in China entered a trough from the end of 1980s to the end of 1990s. According to statistics, from 1989 to 1998, the proportion of geological exploration funds allocated by the state finance to fiscal expenditure decreased from 1.09% to 0.7 1%, and the drilling workload decreased from 6.337 million m to 281./kl. However, compared with the demand of geological environment investigation, there is still a big gap in investment. In order to give full play to the limited investment, the geological environment investigation has focused on two aspects since 1999: one is the basic investigation, and the other is the large-scale investigation with the key area greater than1∶ 200,000.

The basic investigation work mainly includes a new round of groundwater resources investigation and evaluation, groundwater pollution investigation, national mine geological environment investigation, environmental geological investigation of major cities in China, and geological disaster investigation of mountainous counties (cities). These basic investigation results have played an important role in decision-making support for understanding the national geological environment from a macro perspective, making plans for the government and issuing document policies. 1∶ 200,000 major regional surveys mainly include hydrogeological surveys of important sections of northern plains and basins, geological environment surveys of mines in important mineral development zones, geological disasters in high-risk areas, engineering geological surveys of major engineering construction areas, and environmental geological surveys of important economic zones. Affected by capital investment, the built area can only be limited to a few core lots, and it is difficult to carry out large-scale development. According to the statistics of the Water Environment Department of China Geological Survey, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the groundwater pollution investigation plan was completed by 700,000 Km2, and the actual completion was 420,000 Km2, only 57% of which was completed. The detailed investigation of geological disasters was planned to be completed at 6,543,8+0,000 Km2, and actually completed at 400,000 Km2, only 40% of which was completed. It is planned to complete the geological environment survey of the important mineral resources development zone 1 ∶ 50,000 mines, and actually completed110,000 Km2, with only 10% completed.

The slow progress of geological environment investigation and the rapid development of economy and society have formed an embarrassing situation that does not match. The supporting role of geological work in economic and social development is seriously restricted, and the bottleneck role of geological environment problems in economic and social development is increasingly apparent. For example, the investigation of geological disasters in mountainous counties (cities) in China only found out the regional distribution and occurrence characteristics of geological disasters, but had a low understanding of the distribution, occurrence mechanism and harm degree of geological disasters, and lacked a grasp of the mechanism and law. According to statistics, about 50% ~ 70% of new geological disasters are outside the planning scope, which shows that the current geological disaster investigation lags far behind the needs of disaster prevention and mitigation.

On the one hand, the reason for this situation is related to the lack of understanding of geological environment work in economy and society, on the other hand, it is also related to the overall positioning of geological work at present. Resources and environment are two major themes of China's economic and social development, and the state has determined the overall strategy of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. However, in practical work, we often pay more attention to the open source of resources and ignore the hidden geological and environmental costs. The development road of "pollution first, then treatment" has not naturally withdrawn from the historical stage because of the improvement of social environmental awareness.

(B) poor integrity of geological environment monitoring data

Geological environment monitoring data is an important content of national basic geological data, and it is the basic basis for understanding the temporal and spatial variation law of geological environment elements and studying various physical, chemical and biological process mechanisms in geological environment. From scratch, from less to more, China has established a network of monitoring stations in groundwater, land subsidence, sudden geological disasters, ground stress and other aspects, and obtained a large number of monitoring data of geological environment elements, which has strongly supported the continuous progress of geological environment research in China. However, due to various reasons, there are many problems in China's geological environment monitoring data: the monitoring station has a low degree of control and limited coverage; The monitoring points are not well maintained, the data quality is not guaranteed or even distorted, and the continuity of data time series is poor; The monitoring network lacks sufficient manpower and funds, the number of monitoring points is reduced, the monitoring items are reduced, and the monitoring frequency is reduced; Data enjoyment is low.

Groundwater monitoring in China began in 1950s. According to the needs of business development of industry departments, the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Seismological Bureau and the Environmental Protection Bureau have successively built their own groundwater monitoring points. From 1953 to 1956, the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources first carried out groundwater monitoring in centralized water supply sources in cities such as Taiyuan, Baotou, Xi and Beijing, and then carried out groundwater monitoring in cities such as Baoding, Shijiazhuang and Hengshui in North China Plain and agricultural water supply areas. During the Cultural Revolution, groundwater monitoring was weakened, but it was not interrupted. From the late "Cultural Revolution" to the 1990s, the number of groundwater monitoring points increased significantly, and the monitoring items and frequencies were effectively guaranteed. In 1990s, due to lack of funds, groundwater monitoring was barely maintained. By the end of 2004, there were 23,800 groundwater monitoring points in the land and resources system, with more than 1.400 monitoring points nationwide [16], with a controlled area of about 1 10,000 Km2, accounting for about13 of the monitored area, and the distribution of monitoring points was very uneven. 1952, the water conservancy department began to carry out groundwater observation in Ningxia Yellow River Diversion Irrigation District, Henan People's Shengli Canal Irrigation District and Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces. 1958 to 1960, groundwater observation was carried out in Henan and Shandong Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Areas. By the 1970s, groundwater observation had been carried out in 17 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in the north. Most of the observation wells in the water conservancy department are agricultural production wells, and there are few special monitoring wells, so the observation data during pumping period are not representative; Production wells are often scrapped due to siltation or other reasons, which leads to frequent replacement of groundwater monitoring wells and discontinuous observation data. By 2009, there were a total of basic monitoring wells 12522 [17] in the water conservancy system, mainly distributed in the northern plain. From June 5, 2008 to 10, the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Land and Resources jointly put forward the implementation of the national groundwater monitoring project to comprehensively improve the modernization level of the national groundwater monitoring information system. If the project can be implemented as scheduled, groundwater monitoring in China will be greatly developed. The lack of groundwater monitoring data has become the biggest obstacle to groundwater research. The development of computer technology has laid a foundation for the establishment of a large-scale comprehensive groundwater model, but there is still a lack of sufficient data to support the operation of the model, including various parameters needed for modeling and groundwater monitoring data. Due to the lack of long-time series of groundwater quantity and quality data in some areas, it is difficult to accurately judge the dynamic trend of groundwater and provide convincing data for recent environmental problems. For example, cancer villages has appeared in some areas, which may be related to the change of groundwater quality from professional judgment, but the lack of measured data has troubled the in-depth demonstration work.

China's geological disaster monitoring started late. At present, the professional monitoring network of geological disasters is only scattered in a few demonstration sites, and the large-scale geological disaster-prone areas are still blank areas for professional monitoring. The early warning and avoidance of geological disasters rely more on empirical group monitoring and prevention, lacking the support of professional monitoring network, which can not meet the needs of improving the early warning and prediction level of geological disasters and preventing and reducing disasters. In recent years, China has made great progress in land subsidence monitoring, and established regional land subsidence monitoring networks in the Yangtze River Delta, North China Plain and Wei Fen Basin. The operating cost of these monitoring networks mainly comes from the funds of geological survey projects, and there is a lack of stable operating funds.

(C) the study of the human relationship between environment and economy is weak.

Geological environment and social economy are two relatively independent systems. Socio-economy acts on the geological environment through various input-output flows, changing the original geological environment under the action of natural factors, and the geological environment is increasingly marked by human activities. Geological environment reacts to social economy through geological disasters, groundwater pollution and other geological environment problems, affecting the sustainable development of economy and society. Under the interaction of environment and economic system, the contradiction between them is more and more prominent, and the relationship between man and land is more and more disharmonious. At present, geological environment investigation pays more attention to the natural aspects of environment-economic system, but less attention to its human aspects. For example, the quantitative evaluation of the process of economic activities affecting regional geological environment, the quantitative evaluation of regional geological environment carrying capacity, the quantitative evaluation of geological disaster risk, and the policy mechanism of geological environment management are still in the exploratory stage, and the research methods and contents are still immature.

After 1992, foreign countries began to use the material flow analysis method to quantitatively evaluate the environmental impact of economic activities. By comparing the material flow of environmental-economic systems in different countries in different periods, this paper puts forward the immaterial development model of economic development, which has been paid attention to by the government in some developed countries in Europe and America. Its core idea is that economic growth should be gradually separated from resource input to reduce the environmental cost of economic development. At present, the research on material flow accounting of regional environmental economic system in China has just started, and the accumulated research results are still few. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research on how to guide and standardize the effect of economic activities on geological environment.

Since the late 1990s, the thought system of landslide risk assessment abroad has been introduced, and more and more people realize that the social attribute of landslide disaster must be considered in order to realize the risk assessment and risk management of landslide [18]. In recent years, although geological hazard risk assessment has been carried out in a few areas, the combination of geological hazard investigation and risk assessment is not enough. The focus of the work is mainly on susceptibility and risk zoning, and the probability of geological disasters in the region is still insufficient. The survey of socio-economic data required for the risk assessment of geological disasters in China is not systematic, and the survey of socio-economic attributes of geological disasters is also very weak, which is far from meeting the needs of government departments at all levels in managing disaster prevention and mitigation.

(d) Lack of technical reserves to deal with geological and environmental problems.

The investigation shows that soil and groundwater pollution in some areas of China is quite serious, and food production and residents' water safety are facing severe challenges. With the continuous advancement of urbanization and industrialization in China, the emissions of industrial sewage, solid waste and urban solid waste will continue to increase. The demand for soil pollution, groundwater pollution control and landfill of solid waste and domestic waste will increase sharply. However, the accumulated technologies of pollution control, geological landfill, carbon dioxide capture and storage in China are still very backward, which cannot meet the requirements of building an environment-friendly society. Compared with developed countries, there is an obvious gap in the depth and breadth of geological environment control research in China, and there is a lack of detailed investigation of a single site and comprehensive application of various means; Research methods, especially comprehensive exploration technology of contaminated sites, large-scale test site technology aiming at pollution control (such as safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste, geological isolation of carbon dioxide, and deep reinjection of waste liquid), environmental geophysics technology of fine description of contaminated sites, stratified sampling technology of contaminated groundwater, environmental tracing technology, trace-ultra trace pollutant determination technology, and coupling simulation technology of pollutant migration process, need to be introduced, digested, developed and improved urgently [65438+].

In recent years, the bioremediation technology of soil and groundwater pollution has attracted extensive attention in the scientific community. Compared with traditional pollution control methods, bioremediation technology has the advantages of low cost, good effect and no secondary pollution, and has broad application prospects. Since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", China has carried out technical demonstration research on bioremediation technology of contaminated soil and made remarkable progress. However, for the remediation of polluted aquifers, due to technical and financial constraints, the progress in technical research, equipment research and development, material preparation and remediation engineering construction is relatively slow. Since the national "Eighth Five-Year Plan" scientific and technological key project "Study on the treatment of oil pollution in underground drinking water sources in Zibo" first supported the microbial treatment technology of polluted aquifers, there is no large-scale in-situ treatment project of polluted aquifers, which restricts the theoretical, technical and engineering research progress of bioremediation of polluted aquifers [19].

Geological storage technology of carbon dioxide is considered as the most potential carbon dioxide emission reduction measure by developed countries such as the United States, Britain, Canada and Japan. With the maturity of the mechanism research and technology of carbon dioxide geological storage, some developed countries have entered the implementation stage of carbon dioxide geological storage engineering construction [20]. Compared with the feasibility study, experimental study and storage engineering construction in developed countries in Europe and America, the research on geological storage technology of carbon dioxide in China is still in its infancy. With the increasing pressure to reduce carbon emissions, China has begun to attach great importance to the study of geological storage of carbon dioxide and launched a series of scientific research projects. In 2009, China Geological Survey launched the project "Research on Key Technologies of Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage in China", which will lay a foundation for the implementation of carbon dioxide geological storage in China through the research on key technologies and methods of exploration and evaluation of carbon dioxide geological storage and the corresponding index system.