How to conduct a case study

Case study is an important method of action research. Through classroom teaching, we adopt classroom research methods and technical means to carry out continuous learning and practice. I gradually realized that as a research form of teachers' professional growth, the value of lesson study is not to let us explore educational knowledge with universal laws, but to generate educational wisdom in the process, which makes our teaching more optimized. Moreover, she let us gradually develop some professional qualities of research-oriented teachers: careful observation, good at learning, brave in practice and diligent in reflection. Although it takes more time and energy to do it now, in the long run, it is this kind of polishing that can make us go further and further on the road of teachers' professional development.

"Class" is a case about the teaching and learning of a class. Case study refers to various activities around the teaching of a class before, during and after class, including communication, exchange, dialogue and discussion among researchers, teachers, peers and students.

School-based teaching and research is the abbreviation of "establishing school-based teaching and research system" School-based teaching and research takes all kinds of problems faced by schools in the process of implementing the new curriculum as the research object, and focuses on finding, studying and solving problems in real school situations, thus promoting the smooth implementation of the new curriculum and the professional development of teachers. This is a teaching research based on, in and for schools. Three core elements of school-based teaching and research: "self-reflection"-the reflection of individual teachers on their own teaching practice; "Peer assistance"-equal exchange, experience sharing and academic assistance of teachers in teaching and research; "Professional Guidance"-Professional guidance and support from professional researchers for school-based teaching and research. With these three elements, lesson study is a form of school-based teaching and research, aiming at solving problems in classroom teaching.

We have made a good attempt on the research of "heterogeneous classes in the same class". The way adopted by the school is: different grades agree on the same text, design with different ideas, different starting points and key points, explain their own teaching design intentions, and conduct collective analysis and discussion after class. Through such activities, teachers should not only pay attention to teaching materials and teaching reference, but also pay attention to curriculum design, analyze students' characteristics, learning methods and students' real needs, break the traditional teaching mode and truly realize moderate guidance to teachers.

The first round of lectures and evaluation was conducted in a warm atmosphere. After the first round of class, in the teaching process of the same text, although different teachers have different teaching styles and characteristics, they all reflect the application of the new curriculum concept in teaching practice. In the after-class discussion, teachers constantly think about their own and others' teaching through comparison, analysis, affirmation and negation, so as to make full use of their strengths and avoid their weaknesses and take what they need. At the same time, it also puts forward problems worthy of attention and discussion, such as: "How to pay attention to and respect every student?" "There are many game activities in literacy teaching, but what kind of game strategy is more effective?" On this basis, the teachers made suggestions, especially the researchers provided effective strategies, which laid a solid foundation for the second round of teaching and evaluation. The next redesign and lecture are mainly aimed at the problems raised in the first round of lectures, adopting improvement strategies to further improve teachers' behavior in order to solve the problems in teaching.

From comparing teaching design, classroom trial sales, discussing and reflecting on various problems in teaching, to putting forward improvement strategies and putting them into action, practicing and rethinking, teachers have gone through the process of practicing first, rethinking, sublimating theory and practicing again, constantly improving their teaching level and enhancing their practical wisdom.