What are the socio-economic characteristics, main economic conditions, causes and influences of early modern China?

The first stage (from the outbreak of the Opium War to the rise of the Westernization Movement): China's economy began to show semi-colonial characteristics.

1. Feudal natural economy and foreign capitalist economy. The former acts as a flood control dam for the latter, and the latter has a disintegration effect on the former.

2. Reasons: The great powers launched the Opium War and the Second Opium War, the feudal natural economy began to disintegrate, foreign capitalist economy appeared, and China was involved in the capitalist world market.

3. Development trend and political trend: The disintegration of feudal natural economy and the development of foreign capitalist economy made the Manchu dynasty increasingly corrupt and the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China deepened.

The second stage (from the rise of Westernization Movement to the failure of National Revolution): the economic structure with feudal economy as the main body and four economic forms coexisting shows more and more obvious semi-feudal and semi-colonial nature.

1. Form and relationship: feudal natural economy, foreign capitalist economy, westernization economy and national capitalist economy. The natural economy suppresses the latter three, and the latter three disintegrate the natural economy; Westernization economy resists foreign capitalist economy, disintegrates natural economy and stimulates national capitalist economy; Natural economy, foreign capitalist economy and westernization economy also suppressed the national capitalist economy.

2. Reasons: Due to the development of the Westernization Movement, the Westernization economy rose from 19 in the 1960s; Later, under the stimulation of foreign businessmen and the thorough guidance of the Westernization Movement, the national capitalist economy came into being. However, foreign powers, late Qing Dynasty and northern warlords should protect the natural economy regardless of their motives.

3. Development trend and political trend: the feudal natural economy gradually disintegrated, and the rule of the late Qing government and Beiyang warlords came to an end; Foreign capitalist economy has been developing, and gradually controlled the economic lifeline of China, and the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society of China was established and deepened; The national capitalist economy has developed in twists and turns, and the bourgeois reform and revolutionary movement have suffered setbacks; The westernization economy declined, and the landlord's road to self-help went bankrupt.

The third stage (from Agrarian Revolutionary War to the founding of New China): an economic structure in which bureaucratic capitalist economy is dominant and five economic forms coexist.

1. Form and relationship: feudal natural economy, national capitalist economy, foreign capitalist economy, bureaucratic capitalist economy and new democratic economy. Natural economy is attached to foreign capitalist economy and bureaucratic capitalist economy, which hinders national capitalist economy and new democratic economy, and the other four economic forms have a disintegration effect on it; Foreign capitalist economy and bureaucratic capitalist economy both collude and struggle with each other; The national capitalist economy survives in the gap between natural economy, foreign capitalist economy and bureaucratic capitalist economy, but it is revolutionary and dependent; Although the new democratic economy is greatly hindered by the reactionary economy at home and abroad, it is the most revolutionary and progressive economy, and it is changing the semi-colonial and semi-feudal economy day by day.

2. Reasons: China took measures to develop the economy in Soviet areas, behind enemy lines and liberated areas, and a new democratic economy emerged; Chiang Kai-shek's national government has always controlled the political power of the whole country, and the bureaucratic capitalist economy is its economic foundation.

3. Development trend and political trend: the national capitalist economy is shrinking day by day, and the old democratic revolution and the bourgeois national peace road are completely dead; Feudal natural economy, foreign capitalist economy and bureaucratic capitalist economy are declining and dying out, and foreign powers and Kuomintang regime are heading for collapse; The new democratic economy is developing day by day, and the new democratic revolution is heading for victory.