How should construction waste be disposed of?

According to statistics, China produces more than 400 million tons of domestic waste every year. If construction waste is included, the figure will exceed 3 billion tons. Construction waste is a general term for the slag, discarded soil, discarded material, silt and other wastes generated in the process of new construction, reconstruction, expansion and demolition of buildings, and is currently also the largest and most concentrated solid waste discharged by a single species in China's cities.

In the construction waste management system, promoting the reduction of construction waste has been one of the important content. After the revised Solid Waste Law required the government to formulate a work plan for the prevention and control of construction waste (polluting the environment), including source reduction, the Ministry of Housing and Construction soon put forward in the Guiding Opinions on Promoting Construction Waste Reduction (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") that "by the end of 2020, the working mechanism for construction waste reduction will be initially established in each area

The recent work target of "the initial establishment of the working mechanism of construction waste reduction in each region by the end of 2020" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions") was set out in the "Guidance Opinions on Promoting Construction Waste Reduction" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions").

Combined with the experience of the pilot construction waste management work since 2018, the new policy centers on a two-pronged approach of stock management and incremental control, aiming to effectively reduce construction waste emissions throughout the life of the project.

1, construction waste stock management

Currently, China's stock of construction waste has reached more than 20 billion tons, and the phenomenon of construction waste "surrounding the city", "piling up the mountain" and "filling the river" is worsening. "

Currently, China's stock of construction waste has reached more than 20 billion tons. The occupation of public **** land, affecting the urban environment of the stock of construction waste for the elimination of governance, is the urgent need to reduce the amount of construction waste.

Consumption management means ensuring that construction waste is dumped to a designated site, rather than dumped, thrown or piled up in other sites. Accordingly, the Handbook regulates the construction site: construction waste should be transported to a compliant construction waste disposal site or a waste disposal site. The revised Solid Waste Law also requires the government to do a good job in the layout and construction of waste disposal facilities and sites in response to the state of the waste management infrastructure. In addition, local policies also set up flexible requirements according to local conditions, such as the "Hunan Provincial People's Government Office on strengthening the management of urban construction waste to promote the use of resources," clear: for urban areas and urban-rural combination of existing slag heaps, can not be cleaned up in the short term, the localities should be in the safety of reinforcement, topography based on the organization of greening.

While accelerating the management of construction waste, the establishment of a sound system for the development and reuse of construction waste is also one of the paths of stock management. Construction waste is not "useless", many of these wastes can be reused as renewable resources after sorting, culling or crushing, such as bricks and tiles can be reused, and waste bricks and broken tiles can be used as recycled aggregates.

In order to improve the utilization rate of resource utilization of construction waste, "Opinions" is clear: the construction unit should make full use of concrete, reinforcing bars, templates, perlite insulation materials and other residual materials, in order to meet the quality requirements under the premise of the actual demand for processing and production of various types of engineering materials, the implementation of recycling. In fact, the construction unit in the terrain finishing, engineering fill pads and other aspects of the rational use of construction waste, can directly realize in situ reduction. Of course, the "Opinions" also does not have the conditions of in situ use of the construction site to make provisions for timely transfer to the construction waste disposal site for resourceful disposal and reuse according to regulations.

2, the incremental control of construction waste

In order to reduce the generation of construction waste, the "Opinions" requires the main body of the construction to actively carry out green planning, implementation of green design, promotion of green construction, construction waste in the whole cycle of the construction cycle of the control of incremental construction waste.

Green planning means promoting the normalization of incremental construction waste control in project composition and overall conception. From the viewpoint of construction method, the application of green building, assembled building and full decoration delivery and other construction methods can reduce the generation of construction waste at construction sites, which is also a necessary path for the modernization of the construction industry; from the viewpoint of construction materials, renewable and recyclable green building materials and construction turnover tools can improve the efficiency of building materials utilization, which is a long-term choice for realizing the minimization of construction waste. In addition, in order to reduce the construction quality, "errors and omissions" and other reasons for rework and waste of construction materials, construction waste, the "Opinions" also encourages the construction unit to promote the application of building information modeling (BIM) and other technologies in engineering design and construction, and innovative organizational models to strengthen the depth of synergy between design and construction.

Green design means providing a systematic basis for incremental construction waste control in engineering design. On the one hand, the Opinion requires the design unit to promote the standardization of functional modules and components, through the details of the unification, serialization, generalization, combination, modular to avoid or reduce the construction process of demolition, changes in the construction process of construction waste; on the other hand, the design unit is required to deepen the design, to ensure that the depth of the design to meet the needs of the construction, to reduce the construction process of the design changes.

Green construction means that the incremental control of construction waste will be put into practice during the construction process. In order to implement the responsibility of all parties to reduce the amount of construction waste, the "Opinions" requires the construction unit to take corresponding measures in the reduction of construction waste at the source (source reduction measures include design deepening, optimization of the construction organization, the combination of Yonglin, the reuse of temporary facilities and turnover materials, and the control of the construction process, etc.), classified collection and storage, on-site disposal, and emission control; it also guides the main body of the construction process to adopt advanced technology, techniques, equipment and management measures, and apply technical power to achieve the goal of green construction. It also guides the main parties involved in construction to adopt advanced technologies, techniques, equipment and management measures, and applies technological power to realize the reduction of construction waste. Among them, around the "Encouragement of detailed classification of construction waste oriented to end-of-life disposal" proposed in the Opinions, the Manual has also formulated rules on the classification, collection and storage of construction waste at construction sites, which will also provide assistance for the resource utilization of construction waste and waste classification. In addition, the Manual also deploys dimensions such as the preparation of special programs for the reduction of construction waste at construction sites, source reduction, on-site disposal and emission control.

Inventory management and incremental control go hand in hand in order to do a good job of construction waste minimization, and promote green construction and the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. On this basis, the construction waste management system should also be stepped up to improve: through the collection of construction waste, transportation, resource utilization and disposal management of the whole cycle of the implementation of construction waste minimization, China's construction waste management ability to get the overall enhancement of the construction industry will be to conserve resources and protect the environment to make due contribution.